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Mesiodentes are the most frequently encountered supernumerary teeth. Recently, reports of double mesiodens have increased, which may be due to the availability of better diagnostic methods. This article discusses 2 cases of double mesiodens with varying clinical presentations. In addition, the literature related to the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of mesiodentes is reviewed.

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CONTEXT: Oral health care for children with special needs remains largely unmet. It is important that we should focus on preventive strategies for special children to help curtail and prevent oral diseases. AIM: This study aimed to assess the effect of visual pedagogy and probiotic mouth rinse on the periodontal health of hearing impaired children. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The study cohort consisted of twenty children with hearing impairment (HI) and 20 age-matched healthy children. The gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and salivary pH for all children were assessed at baseline, 15 days after oral hygiene training using visual pedagogy, 15 days after probiotic mouth rinse introduction, and at the end of the test period, i.e., 2 months after discontinuing probiotics. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Comparison of means was carried out using the Student's t-test. Intragroup parameters were assessed using the one-way ANOVA, followed by the post hoc Scheffe test. Value for statistical significance was fixed at 0.05. RESULTS: The GI and PI scores did not improve significantly after oral hygiene training in either of the two groups. The use of probiotic mouth rinse significantly reduced GI scores (<0.01) and PI scores (<0.01) and increased salivary pH above the critical pH in both groups. CONCLUSION: The use of visual pedagogy coupled with probiotic mouth rinsing may improve the periodontal status of children with HI and should be explored as a preventive procedure for children with special health-care needs.

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AIM: We planned our study to assess whether easy access to dental care facilities result in improved oral health and increased utilization of dental services by children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred child-parent pairs, 200 each from the military and civilian areas, were randomly selected (children aged 5 years). Prior to the clinical examination of their wards, parents were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their sociodemographic details, family structure, dental care utilization, and attitudinal variables toward oral health. Dental caries prevalence and treatment needs were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (1997). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Students' t-test and chi-square test were used to assess the significance of difference between the two groups. Multivariate regression analysis was performed for all covariates associated with the child's dental attendance pattern. RESULTS: The percentage prevalence of children affected by dental caries was observed to be statistically higher in the civilian area. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score was 2.35 ± 2.92 and 3.26 ± 3.35 in the military and civilian areas, respectively (t stat = 2.78, P = 0.002). The percentage of teeth requiring treatment was observed to be 22.5% and 27.6% in the military and civilian areas, respectively (χ2 = 16.77, P < 0.0001). Covariates significantly associated with increased child's dental attendance were identified as: High level of the mother's education, regularity of dental visits by the parents, the child's increased brushing frequency, and past caries experience. CONCLUSION: Despite the adequate availability of dental facilities in military areas, untreated dental problems are prevalent. Our finding confirms that dental care utilization is not solely access-related, and other barriers need to be investigated.

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BACKGROUND: Habits formed in childhood dictate lifestyle choices made as adults. These encompass both oral hygiene and dietary habits which in turn affect dental caries status. Children largely acquire these habits from modeling/observing parents and other family members. AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the caries status of 5-year-olds, and evaluate associations between dental caries and family-related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 400 children were examined for dental caries using the WHO criteria. Parents were interviewed using a self-structured questionnaire to collect data with regard to variables under evaluation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Collected data was subjected to descriptive analysis using the SPSS 12.0 version. Risk factor association with dental caries was investigated using a stepwise logistic regression analysis with P-values < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Fifty nine percent of children suffered from dental caries. Statistically significant risk indicators for a child having dmft > 0 were: Mother with low basic education (OR = 1.3), higher number of siblings (OR = 1.4), high snacking frequency (OR = 2.0), parental inability to control sugar consumption (OR = 1.0) parental laxness about the child's tooth brushing (OR = 1.5), parents brushing their own teeth less than twice daily (OR= 2.0) and unassisted brushing by the child (OR = 1.8). CONCLUSION: It is thus mandatory to focus on parents' education level, attitudes and family-structure when planning preventive programs for young children.

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OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of Mutans Streptococci (MS) in children and to evaluate the relationship between the salivary levels of MS in children and their parents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 children aged 3-6 years along with their parents (100 mothers and fathers each) were included in the study. The children were segregated depending upon their age and level of caries experience. The children were examined clinically on an ordinary chair in natural daylight using the Møller's index criteria. Assays for Mutans Streptococci (MS) were done for both the children and their parents using the Dentocult SM strip mutans test. Collected data was assessed using SPSS software. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of MS in the children was 83%. A statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) was observed between salivary MS counts of children and their mothers. No significant correlation was seen with the fathers. CONCLUSIONS: The findings conclude that if primary caregivers harbour high levels of MS in their saliva, it is likely that their children will have the same. Key words:Mutans streptococci, parents, children, dentocult SM kits.

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OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of oral hygiene practices, smoking habits and halitosis among undergraduate dental students and correlating the oral hygiene practices, oral health conditions to the prevalence of self perceived oral malodour. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 277 male and female students. A questionnaire was developed to assess the self-reported perception of oral breath, awareness of bad breath, timing of bad breath, oral hygiene practices, caries and bleeding gums, dryness of the mouth, smoking and tongue coating. RESULTS: The results indicate female students had better oral hygiene practices. Significantly less self-reported oral bad breath (P = 0.007) was found in female dental students (40%) as compared to their male counterparts (58%). It was found that smoking and dryness of mouth had statistically significant correlation with halitosis (P = 0.026, P = 0.001). Presence of other oral conditions such as tongue coating and dental caries and bleeding gums also showed higher prevalence of halitosis in dental students. CONCLUSION: A direct correlation exists between oral hygiene practices and oral health conditions with halitosis. Females exhibited better oral hygiene practices and less prevalence of halitosis as compared to male students.

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Tooth agenesis is one of the most common congenital anomalies seen in humans. Although absence of one or more teeth is common, absence of multiple teeth is rare. Oligodontia is a rare developmental anomaly, involving agenesis of six or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. The reported prevalence of oligodontia in permanent dentition is 0.14%. Oligodontia can be presented as an isolated condition or as a part of a syndrome. Discussion: The present case report highlights a unique case of non-syndromic oligodontia, with agenesis of four permanent incisors, left permanent canine and right second premolar in the mandibular arch and its management with a novel fixed functional prosthetic appliance. Conclusion: Prosthetic rehabilitation is an urgent need for these kind of patients so that they do not suffer from masticatory and esthetic problems which can eventually lower the self esteem of individuals...

A agenesia dentária é uma das anomalias congênitas mais comuns em humanos. Embora a ausência de um ou mais dentes seja comum, a ausência de vários dentes é rara. A oligodontia é uma anomalia de desenvolvimento rara, envolvendo agenesia de seis ou mais dentes permanentes, excluindo os terceiros molares. A prevalência de oligodontia na dentição permanente é de 0,14%. A oligodontia pode apresentar-se como uma condição isolada ou como parte de uma síndrome. Discussão: O presente relato destaca um caso único de oligodontia não sindrômica, com agenesia de quatro incisivos permanentes, canino permanente esquerdo e segundo pré-molar direito no arco inferior, e seu manejo com um novo aparelho de prótese fixa funcional. Conclusão: A reabilitação protética é uma necessidade urgente para este tipo de paciente para que ele não sofra de problemas de mastigação e estética, os quais podem eventualmente reduzir a autoestima do indivíduo...

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OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in adults of Chandigarh and to correlate the dental caries in these individuals with their S. mutans titers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans, using Dentocult SM commercial kits were estimated in 200, 25-35 year old adults (males and females). Streptococcus mutans were detected in 87% of the study sample. Score 2, representing 10(5)-10(6) CFU/ml (Colony Forming Unit) of saliva was found to be most prevalent, i.e. in 80 of 200 adults, followed by score 1, depicting S mutans with <10(5) CFU/ml, in 56 of 200 adults and score 3, with bacterial titer >10(6) CFU/ml in 38 of 200 adults. RESULTS: Dental caries, recorded using Møller's index, was found to be maximum in individuals with score 3, followed by score 2,1 and 0, thereby showing a positive correlation of dental caries with increasing titers of S. mutans. This correlation was statistically highly significant in males with figures as 8.73 decayed surfaces at score 2 rising to 17.38 at score 3. The mean of DMFT was higher among females than in the males in the present study. CONCLUSION: The split up data in males and females, showed a positive association between caries experience and salivary S. mutans scores. The results of the study will serve as a baseline data for future planning of preventive programs in adults.

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Tooth agenesis is one of the common congenital anomalies seen in humans. Hypodontia is the congenital absence of 1 or a few teeth only, with a prevalence of approximately 2% to 10% in the permanent dentition. The number of patients exhibiting congenitally missing mandibular incisors is low, with a prevalence rate of less than 1% observed. The purpose of this paper was to report a case of congenitally missing permanent mandibular incisors and canines in a 10-year-old girl.

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