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For 2 months, 33 patients with the metabolic syndrome (MS) took a biologically active food additive as bifeinol, detovit, squalenol, which contained vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, dietary cellulose, and a complex of polysaturated fatty acids. This yielded a positive result as decreases in body weight by 8%, in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins by 8.3, 27.8, and 9.3%, respectively. The food additive is recommended for the planned course use in patients with MS.

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35 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 complicated with hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease were treated during 8 months with poseidonol--polyunsaturated fatty acid family omega 3 (PUFA--omega 3). It was shown that hypercoagulation and hypofibrinolysis in these patients occurred. Treatment with poceidonol increased plasminogen activator activity and decreased coagulation and reduced atherogenic index.

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33 patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia took tyquanol for 6 months. Tyquanol is a complex of biologically active substances represented by polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and polyvitamins produced of dietary oils of the sea and plant origin. As a result of the treatment with tyquanol cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, triglycerides lowered by 16.1, 11.1, 26.3%, respectively. Alphipoproteins rose by 8.8%. A negative effect on hepatic, renal functions or electrolyte composition was not observed.

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33 patients with ischemic heart diseases, hyperlipidemia and blood hypercoagulation took tycveinol which consists of polyunsaturated fatty acids in a dose of 2.0 g twice a day for 2 months. A positive result manifested by a 14% drop in cholesterol, 29.7% in triglycerides, 21% in beta-lipoproteins. Alpha-lipoproteins rose by 26%, atherogenic index reduced from 3.24 to 1.89. Hypercoagulatory tension relieved due to normalization of euglobulin lysis, higher activity of plasminogen tissue activator, slow blood clotting. Side effects on hepatic or renal function, mineral metabolism were not observed.

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35 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 complicated with hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, were treated for 8 months with poseidonol which incorporates essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Poseidonol reduced atherogenic index from 4.2 to 3.15. The study of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis points to signs of hypocoagulation and normalization of fibrinolytic activity against previous hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis depression.

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Thirty five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by cardiovascular diseases received 6-month treatment for hyperlipidemia with poseidonol that represents a set of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. This yielded good results as 11.6%-, 30%- and 24.2% decreases in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and beta-lipoprotein, respectively, and a 9.9%- increase in alpha-lipoprotein. Lipid metabolism became normal in 34.2% of the patients, the remaining had positive changes as normalization of 1 to 3 lipid parameters. The tolerance of the agent was good, no negative effect on hepatic and renal functions was found.

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An antilipidemic effect of poseidonol was tested in 123 patients with ischemic heart disease, stable angina of effort (II-III functional class), 40 patients with secondary pyelonephritis and 40 patients with chronic hepatosis-hepatitis associated with chronic alcoholism or diabetes mellitus. The patients had also hyperlipidemia. A positive effect of poseidonol was established: cholesterol content fell by 25.4, 20.6 and 18.7%, respectively; triglycerides level decreased by 63, 42 and 21.4%, respectively; B-lipoproteins fell by 55.5, 36.9 and 13.1%, respectively. High density lipoproteins rose by 40.2, 27 and 69.9%, respectively. No adverse effects either on the liver or kidney functions were observed.

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Among patients admitted to the therapeutic department of the general hospital for 5 years, diagnosis of pericarditis was made in 110 patients (0.44%). Among the most common causes of secondary pericarditis were: chronic renal failure (31.8%), diffuse lesion of the connective tissue (17.7%), tumor metastases to the pericardium (15.5%). Primary pericarditis was, as a rule, of tuberculous etiology. Morphologically, it was adhesive or adhesive-exudative, constrictive, exudative in 13, 4.5 and 76% of patients, respectively. Half of the patients with exudative pericarditis had 300 to 800 ml of fluid in the pericardial cavity. Typical clinical manifestations were dyspnea and tachycardia. X-ray was diagnostically valuable in pericardial exudate 300 ml and more. ECG voltage fell in exudate more than 400-500 ml. Echocardiography remains an effective tool in diagnosis of pericarditis. The treatment consisted of antibiotics, antiinflammatory therapy, evacuation of the liquid from the pericardial cavity.

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Forty patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) concurrent with hyperlipidemia were divided into 2 groups according to the baseline fibrinolytic activity. The group with the depressed fibrinolytic system displayed the highest atherogenicity index and levels of cholesterol, low and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and half levels of high density lipoproteins. After 45-day ingestion of docanol, a new Russian food additive containing docosahexanoic and eicosapentaenoic acids there were positive changes in the lipid spectrum in the both groups. The fibrinolytic changes were heterodirectional: activator and plasma activities increased in the group of fibrinolytic depression while in the group of baseline normal fibrinolysis the activity of plasminogen activator fell.

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The oral use of the drug Piavit (derived from freeze-dried medicinal leeches) in 50 patients with coronary heart disease for 7 days in a daily dose of 600 mg (20 patients) and 1200 mg (30 patients) caused a moderate dose-independent increase in enzymatic, fibrinolysis, non-enzymatic fibrinolysis and antithrombin III activity. In half the patients who had low fibrinolytic levels, the agent stimulated mainly the release of plasminogen activator on administration days of 2 and 7. In other 15 patients the activity of plasminogen activator remained unchanged, but non-enzymatic fibrinolysis enhanced. Piavit prolonged the hypocoagulative effect of heparin and aspirin in the group of patients pretreated with these drugs. There were no clinical manifestations of the disease during 7 days.

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The paper presents an analysis of 79 case histories of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). PTE is common in the elderly with cardiovascular diseases complicated with circulatory insufficiency. Before admission, 52% were not diagnosed as having PTE. The most frequent symptoms of PTE included dyspnea, tachycardia, grey cyanosis. Recurrent PTE was established in 38% of the cases. The signs SIQIIITIII, S type, ST-segment elevation in the lead VI are more frequently detectable on ECG. The most common X-ray signs are elevation of the diaphragm, vascular stump, Westermark's symptom. Pulmonary scintigraphy that detects multiple and bilateral foci of avascularization and follows up their time course is of great value in the diagnosis of PTE. Hemostatic disorders by the type of disseminated intravascular coagulation make a great contribution to the pathogenesis of PTE.

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Thromboxane++ (TX), prostacyclin (PC) and platelet factor IV (PF) were assayed using radioimmune kits in 46 patients with cardiac fibrillation secondary to coronary heart disease and rheumatic fever. The study established elevated TX beta 2 levels, low concentrations of 6-ketoPGF1 alpha, enhanced activity of PF. Restoration of the sinus rhythm by electroimpulse treatment (EIT) brought about augmentation of the Tx-Pc-PF unbalance on day 2-3. This may give rise to "normalization" thromboembolism. On days 5-7 after EIT the intensity of platelet aggregation and PF secretion diminish. It is concluded that patients with sudden cardiac fibrillation in need of sinus rhythm correction will benefit from disaggregation and anti-coagulant therapy.

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Studies of blood fibrinolytic activity in 112 patients with repeated acute myocardial infarction or injury to the myocardium have revealed reduced fibrinolytic activity on non-heated fibrin plates, decreased plasmin activity and euglobulin+ fraction lysis, lowered levels of plasminogen activator, total nonenzymic fibrinolysis, antithrombin III, ++FFDP, and elevated soluble complexes of fibrin-monomer level. Complications of myocardial infarction presenting as thromboembolism; ciliary arrhythmia, chronic aneurysm with thrombosis are associated with still more marked disorders of the fibrinolysis system.

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The levels of thromboxane B2, prostaglandin 6-keto F1 alpha (PG F1 alpha), thrombocytic factor IV (TF IV), and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) were measured in 66 patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis concurrent with acute recurrent myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris. There was a substantial increase in thromboxane B2 activity and a less significant elevation of PG F1 alpha, as well as a rise of TF IV and beta-TG. Circulatory insufficiency, cardiac aneurysm, intracardiac thrombi were accompanied by much more severe abnormalities in the above-mentioned parameters.

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