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A fim de investigar o uso de tabaco e fatores associados entre universitários do Sul do Brasil no ano de 2010, realizou-se estudo transversal com questionários autoaplicáveis. A amostra foi dividida em dois grandes grupos: área da Saúde e demais cursos. A amostra de cada grupo foi dividida de acordo com a proporção em relação ao número total de alunos. Os alunos foram selecionados do primeiro e último ano de cada curso. A análise estatística foi realizada no Software SPSS versão 17.0(r). Responderam aos questionários 584 alunos. A prevalência de tabagismo entre os acadêmicos foi de 8,9%, sendo 4,7% tabagistas ativos e 4,2% fumantes ocasionais; 2,6% declararam-se ex-fumantes. A idade média foi de 23,0 anos (±9,7), sendo 62,3% do sexo feminino. Dentre os fumantes 49% começaram a fumar por vontade própria e 27,4% por influência de amigos. A maioria declarou fumar para relaxar. Observou-se associação significativa entre o tabagismo e o uso de álcool (OR 5,80; IC95% 1,20-28,01) e de drogas ilícitas (OR 42,29; IC95% 11,45-175,1) e a existência de outros familiares fumantes (OR 4,02; IC95% 2,05-7,85). A prevalência de tabagismo encontrada neste estudo foi baixa. O tabagismo foi significativamente associado a alunos usuários de drogas ilícitas, que fazem uso de álcool e que tem algum tabagista na família.

To investigate tobacco use and associated factors among college students at a university in southern Brazil in 2010, we conducted a cross-sectional study using self-reported questionnaires. The sample was divided into two main groups: the Health area and other courses The sample number in each group was divided according to the ratio of the total number of students. Students who composed the sample were selected from the first and last year of each course. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 17.0(r). 584 students responded to questionnaires. The prevalence of smoking among students was 8.9%, 4.7% were smokers and 4.2% occasional smokers; 2.6% reported they were former smokers. The average age was 23.0 years (± 9.7), 62.3% were female. Among smokers 49% started smoking on their own and 27.4% under the influence of friends. We observed a significant association between smoking and alcohol use (OR 5.80; 95%CI 1.20-28.01), illicit drugs (OR 42.29; 95%CI 11.45-175.1) and the existence of other relatives who are smokers (OR 4.02; 95%CI 2.05-7.85).The prevalence of smoking found in this study was low. Smoking was significantly associated with student drugs users, consuming alcohol and to have a smoker in the family.

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OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in ovarian cancer. METHODS: A comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, LILACS, Grey literature and EMBASE was performed for articles published from January 1990 to March 2012. The following MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were searched: "ovarian tumor" or "ovarian cancers" and "HPV" or "human papillomavirus." Included were case-control and cross-sectional studies, prospective or retrospective, that evaluated clinical ovarian cancer and provided a clear description of the use of in situ hybridization, Southern blot hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction. The statistical analysis was performed using REVMAN 5.0. RESULTS: In total, 24 primary studies were included in this meta-analysis. Studies from 11 countries on 3 continents contained data on HPV and ovarian cancer, including 889 subjects. Overall, the HPV prevalence in patients with ovarian cancer was 17.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.0%-20.0%). Human papillomavirus prevalence ranged from 4.0% (95% CI, 1.7%-6.3%) in Europe to 31.4% (95% CI, 26.9%-35.9%) in Asia. An aggregate of 4 case-control studies from Asia showed an odds ratio of 2.48 (95% CI, 0.64-9.57). CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of HPV-positive DNA in ovarian cancer cases, but the role of HPV in ovarian cancer remains inconclusive. Further studies are needed to control case to answer this question.

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BACKGROUND: Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the central nervous system characterised by strong inflammatory response. The brain is highly dependent on ATP, and the cell energy is obtained through oxidative phosphorylation, a process which requires the action of various respiratory enzyme complexes and creatine kinase (CK) as an effective buffering system of cellular ATP levels in tissues that consume high energy. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, III, IV and CK activity in hippocampus and cortex of the Wistar rat submitted to meningitis by Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS: Adult Wistar rats received either 10 µl of sterile saline as a placebo or an equivalent volume of K. pneumoniae suspension. The animals were killed in different times at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after meningitis induction. Another group was treated with antibiotic, starting at 16 h and continuing daily until their decapitation at 24 and 48 h after induction. RESULTS: In the hippocampus, the meningitis group without antibiotic treatment, the complex I was increased at 24 and 48 h, complex II was increased at 48 h, complex III was inhibited at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h and in complex IV all groups with or without antibiotic treatment were inhibited after meningitis induction, in the cortex there was no alteration. Discussion Although descriptive, our results show that antibiotic prevented in part the changes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The meningitis model could be a good research tool to study the biological mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the K. pneumoniae meningitis.

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INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de mama é o mais prevalente no mundo entre mulheres. Sua incidência no Brasil é em torno de 49 casos para 100.000 mulheres. OBJETIVO: Estimar o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade de neoplasia maligna de mama em mulheres residentes da região Carbonífera Catarinense (AMREC) de 1980 a 2009. METODOLOGIA: Estudo temporal, descritivo e ecológico, com dados obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, disponíveis pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina. Calculou-se taxa de mortalidade pela divisão do número de óbitos pela população feminina residente no mesmo local e período, e multiplicou-se por 100.000. RESULTADOS: Observou-se maior taxa em Urussanga para todos os anos analisados (9,2/100.000 mulheres) e menor em Treviso, (0,0/100.000 mulheres). Dos 30 anos analisados, 2007 obteve o maior coeficiente médio (13,0/100.000 mulheres), e o menor foi encontrado em 1987 (2,3/100.000 mulheres). Em relação à faixa etária, o maior coeficiente médio foi encontrado nos maiores que 80 anos (63,1/100.000 mulheres). CONCLUSÕES: Observamos aumento na taxa de mortalidade por câncer de mama na AMREC, predominantemente em mulheres brancas, casadas, com mais de 80 anos e baixa escolaridade, que pode ser oriundo de características sociodemográficas ou da precocidade dos exames diagnósticos, entre outros. No entanto, futuras pesquisas devem investigar as causas que levaram às estatísticas apresentadas.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most prevalent among women worldwide. Its incidence in Brazil is around 49 cases per 100,000 women. OBJECTIVE: It was to estimate the epidemiological profile of breast malignancy mortality in women living in the region of the Coal Belt of Santa Catarina (AMREC) from 1980 to 2009. METHODS: Study time, with descriptive and ecological data from the Mortality Information System and Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, available by the Ministry of Health of Santa Catarina. We calculated mortality rate by dividing the number of deaths from the female population living in the same place and period, and multiplied by 100,000. RESULTS: There was a higher rate in Urussanga for all years analyzed (9.2/100,000 women) and lowest in Treviso (0.0/100,000 women). Of the 30 years analyzed, 2007 had the highest average coefficient (13.0/100,000), and the lowest was found in 1987 (2.3/100,000). In terms of age, the highest average coefficient was found in greater than 80 years (63.1/100,000). CONCLUSIONS: We found increased mortality rate from breast cancer in AMREC, predominant in white, married, with more than 80 years and low education women that may be coming from sociodemographic characteristics or the precocity of diagnostic tests, among others. However, future research should investigate the causes leading to the statistics presented.

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Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, a cefaléia dotipo migrânea é a 19ª moléstia que mais causa incapacidade.Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar o perfil dos pacientescom cefaléia migranosa atendidos no AmbulatórioMédico da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense entre2004 a 2009. Caracteriza-se como um estudo transversal,censitário, observacional, documental, e descritivo. A amostratotalizou 93 indivíduos, revelando predominância da cefaléiamigranosa sem aura com as seguintes característicasque ocorreu em 84,6% da mulheres, em 30,2% com ensinomédio completo, 39,8% dos casados, e em 46,9% comcrises diárias. Na amostra não estratificada observamosque 25,84% dos pacientes apresentaram cefaléia diária,58,24% possuíram cefaléia sem aura, 86,96 % eram mulheres,97,73% raça/cor da pele branca, 33,7% com baixaescolaridade, 64,52% com estado civil solteiro, 28,26%idade superior a 36 anos, 33,33% apresentaram fatoresdesencadeantes sociais e/ou psicológicos e 25,84% comorbidadecardiovascular. Sugere-se neste trabalho queum melhor nível de escolaridade da população em questãopoderia melhorar o conhecimento desta comorbidade,assim como o melhorar o entendimento sobre o controleeficiente das crises migranosas.

According to the World Health Organization, themigraine-type headache is the 19th disease thatcauses more disability. Seek to estimate the profileof migraine headache in patients seen at MedicalCenter at University of Extremo Sul Catarinense from2004 to 2009. It is characterized as a study cross--sectional, census, observational, documentary, anddescriptive. Our sample included 93 individuals,revealing the predominance of migraine withoutaura with the following features which occurred in84.6% of women, 30.2% had completed high school,39.8% of married and 46.9% with daily crises.In the stratified sample is observed that 25.84% ofthe patients had daily headache, 58.24% owned headachewithout aura, 86.96% were women, 97.73%race / skin color white, 33.7% with low education ,with 64.52% unmarried, 28.26% aged over 36 years,33.33% had triggers social and / or psychologicaland 25.84% cardiovascular comorbidity. Thisstudy suggest that a better-educated population inquestion could improve the knowledge of this comorbidity,as well as improve understanding of theefficient control of migraine attacks.

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INTRODUCTION: Brushing teeth is probably the practice of oral hygiene most common in the world; however, inadequate use can become a risk to the population health, once they may be contaminated with various microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination on toothbrush bristles using different methodologies. METHOD: We used 40 toothbrushes from healthy individuals aged 3 to 58 years. The samples were grown in test tubes containing trypticase soy broth sterile, and with the help of a tracking 0.1 μl samples were placed on plates containing sheep blood agar 5% and MacConkey agar then the samples were stored in a bacteriological incubator at 37°C for 24 hours for later analysis. It was counted the colony forming units and bacteria identification present in the brush. RESULTS: On the microbiological analysis, there was a growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus coagulase negative. CONCLUSION: According to the results presented in this study, we observed a high incidence of bacterial contamination in the brushes analyzed. The most frequent microorganisms were members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The usage time of toothbrushes may be related to contamination found and, therefore, not only good hygiene ensures the reduction of microbial load, but replacing the toothbrush can also ensure individuals better oral health.

INTRODUÇÃO: a escovação de dentes é, provavelmente, a prática de higiene bucal mais comumente realizada no mundo; entretanto, o acondicionamento inadequado pode se transformar em um risco para a saúde da população, uma vez que podem estar contaminadas com vários tipos de microrganismos. OBJETIVO: o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a contaminação bacteriana de cerdas de escovas dentais através de diferentes métodos. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 40 escovas de dentes provenientes de indivíduos sadios, com idade entre 3 a 58 anos. As amostras foram semeadas em tubo de ensaio contendo caldo tripticaseína de soja (TSB) estéril e, com o auxílio de uma alça de 0,1μl, as amostras foram semeadas em placas contendo ágar sangue de carneiro a 5% e ágar MacConkey. Em seguida foram armazenadas em estufa bacteriológica a 37°C por 24hs para posterior análise. Foi realizada a contagem das unidades formadora de colônias (UFC) e a identificação das bactérias presentes nas escovas. RESULTADOS: nas análises microbiológicas, houve crescimento de Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes e Staphylococcus coagulase negativas. Conclusões: de acordo com os resultados apresentados nesse trabalho, verificamos que houve alta incidência de contaminação bacteriana nas escovas analisadas. Os microrganismos com maior frequência foram membros da família Enterobacteriaceae. O tempo de uso das escovas dentárias pode estar relacionado à contaminação encontrada e, por isso, não só uma boa higienização garantirá a redução da carga microbiana, mas a troca da escova dentária também pode garantir melhor saúde bucal aos indivíduos.