RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To measure the efficiency changes of basic public health service in Beijing rural areas and to provide some suggestions for the basic public health service project throughout China. METHODS: In the study, stratified random samples from 32 township health centers (THCs) were measured by data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with the panel data from 2007 to 2009. RESULTS: (1) The average total efficiency score of samples was 0.972. The TE non-efficient THCs were with excess in all input indicators and insufficient outputs in technology management, health promotion and chronic disease management. (2) The total factor productivity (TFP) from 2007 to 2008 increased 8.8%, which was attributed to technology change. The TFP decreased by 6.6% from 2008 to 2009, but the technical efficiency increased by 3.3%. CONCLUSION: There is room for improvemrnt in the basic public health service project in Beijing rural areas. Scale efficiency should be improved and the common development of technical efficiency and technology progress promoted in order to increase the project outputs.
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Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/organización & administración , Eficiencia , China , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Población Rural , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006 showed that the participation rate of disabled Chinese rural individuals in social medical insurance participation was less than 30%. However, there has been limited number of studies on the influencing factors, especially contextual factors, affecting their participation in social medical insurance. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the participation of disabled rural individuals in social medical insurance, including contextual factors. METHODS: Based on data derived from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability, chi-square test and two-level logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors. RESULTS: The results showed that the disabled rural individuals in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System pilot counties who lived in communities with rehabilitation stations or with higher per capita income of villagers were more likely to participate in the social medical insurance. Meanwhile, those employed, with less severe disability degree or with less severe barriers in participation in society were more likely to participate in the social medical insurance. CONCLUSIONS: Contextual factors including economic and policy contexts were important factors influencing their participation in social medical insurance before 2006 in China. Unemployment, severer disability degree and social isolation might also prevent them from gaining equal access to social medical insurance.
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Personas con Discapacidad , Cobertura del Seguro/estadística & datos numéricos , Motivación , Población Rural , Medicina Estatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , China , Intervalos de Confianza , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is an endogenous potent phospholipid mediator in stroke and related to the post-ischemic brain damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation and mechanisms of PAF receptor gene expression in the perifocal regions of cerebral infarction after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion. Sixty mature Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups: sham-operated control group, simple ischemia 90 min group, 6, 12, 18 h, 1 day (1 d), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 d reperfusion groups. After the right middle cerebral artery occluded, the rats were suffered from ischemia for 90 min, and then reperfusion was allowed for different time courses. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and radioimmunoassay were applied to evaluate the PAF receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and PAF levels in the perifocal regions of cerebral infarction respectively. RT-PCR analysis revealed that PAF receptor mRNA was 0.95 +/- 0.15 in control group. However, following ischemia-reperfusion, the levels of PAF receptor mRNA progressively decreased until 2 d of reperfusion (0.54 +/- 0.10), then returned to control group's levels gradually. Compared with the control group's (582 +/- 72 pg/g wet weight), the PAF concentrations of simple ischemic and 6, 12, 18 h, 1, 2 d reperfusion group were significantly higher than that of any other groups. These results indicate that PAF receptor gene expression may be subject to down-regulation in the perifocal regions of cerebral infarction after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and relative to the increase of endogenous PAF concentrations.