RESUMEN
The purpose of the work was to study the embryotoxic action of chronic gamma-irradiation of pregnant female rats (F0) during the first 10 days of pregnancy in the total dose of 1 Gy (mean dose rate of 5.31 mGy/hour) on psychophysiological development of posterity of the first (F1) and the second (F2) generations and its modification by natural pigment melanin (peroral 10 mg/kg once per day during the irradiation). 54 pregnant female Wistar rats were the objects of research were their 180 descendants of the first generation and about 400 descendants of the second generation of maternal and of paternal lines. Psychophysiological development and its correction by melanin estimated on ability to learning with the test of training a conditioned avoidance reflex in the shuttle box. Precise negative action of gamma-irradiation in the aforesaid dose on psychophysiological development of posterity of the first generation is established. At rats of the second generation the inferiority is shown mainly at descendants of maternal line. Application of melanin of natural origin in most cases diminished negative consequences of the irradiation.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal , Desarrollo Embrionario , Rayos gamma , Melaninas/uso terapéutico , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Animal/efectos de la radiación , Desarrollo Embrionario/efectos de los fármacos , Desarrollo Embrionario/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Masculino , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Melaninas/administración & dosificación , Exposición Paterna/efectos adversos , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/etiología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/fisiopatología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/prevención & control , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/psicología , Dosis de Radiación , Protectores contra Radiación/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
With the purpose of study of consequences for development and reproduction functions of posterity of the second generation from females rats Wistar of a total unitary gamma-irradiation in dozes 0.25; 0.5 and 1 Gy (capacity of a doze 0.03 sGy/s) on 10th day of pregnancy (the period of the onset of fetuses reproduction system development) is investigated more than 630 females, 1400 with the age of 19th days, and about 3200 young rats. The revealed deviations(rejections) in development of posterity of two generations parents, antenatal irradiated in not sterilizing dozes, in he period of a beginning of formation of reproduction system, them a variety at different dozes of radiating influence, shown as at posterity of the irradiated mothers, and fathers, testify about instability genoms in a line of generations requiring the account and acceptance of necessary measures for preservation normal genofund.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Fetal/efectos de la radiación , Feto/efectos de la radiación , Exposición Materna , Reproducción/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Femenino , Rayos gamma , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to estimate the radio-protective activity of melanin for the reproductive status of Wistar rats. Wistar rats were exposed in utero either to the single gamma-irradiation on the tenth day of embryogenesis with the dose of 1 Gy or to the chronic gamma-irradiation with the total dose of 1 Gy during the first 10 days of embryogenesis. Such things like the ability of the rats to conceive, the embryogeny and early postnatal ontogeny of rat's posterity were studied. These doses of the radiation and the melanin did not produce the significant damages of the reproductive function of the survival offsprings of the first generation. The possible mechanisms of radio-protective effect of melanin on reproductive system of animals which have been exposed with the nonsterilizing doses at different mean dose rate were discussed.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Embrionario/efectos de los fármacos , Desarrollo Embrionario/efectos de la radiación , Rayos gamma , Exposición Materna , Melaninas/farmacología , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Femenino , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
To research a radio-protective effect of melanin on the reproductive system during its creation the development of first generation posterity (900 descendants) of 125 pubertal female Wistar rats was examined after the single gamma-irradiation with a dose of 1 Gy (mean dose rate of 0.03 mGy/h), which they have been exposed to on the day ten of pregnancy, and the chronic gamma-irradiation with a total dose of 1 Gy (mean dose rate of 5.31 mGy/h) which they have been being exposed to during the first 10 days of pregnancy. The melanin of natural animal origin has the anti-radial effectiveness with the single irradiation increasing the number of alive newborn descendants in a litter and doubling their survival during the first 30 days after the birth. The melanin's effect is less expressed with the chronic irradiation.
Asunto(s)
Rayos gamma , Exposición Materna , Melaninas/farmacología , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Animales , Embrión de Mamíferos/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Embarazo , Dosis de Radiación , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Whole-body single exposure of female Wistar rats to 0.25, 0.5 and 1 Gy of gamma-rays (dose rate of 0.03 cGy/s) on the 10th day of pregnancy (a period of formation of the reproductive system in fetus) was carried out. To study irradiation consequences on the antenatal and postnatal development of the progeny 220 females, 700 19-day-old fetuses and about 1100 young rats were examined. The antenatal development of the progeny of the first generation was significantly impaired after the exposure to 1 Gy. However even less radiation doses resulted in a pronounced tendency to higher rates of intrauterine death and a lower number of live fetuses. Significant deviatins in the postnatal development of the first generation progeny were found after the exposure to 0.5 Gy, although the exposure to 0.25 Gy led to a higher rate of postnatal death and a less number of newborns in the litter.
Asunto(s)
Animales Recién Nacidos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pérdida del Embrión/etiología , Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal/efectos de la radiación , Muerte Fetal/etiología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Irradiación Corporal Total , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de la radiación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal/genética , Femenino , Rayos gamma , Tamaño de la Camada/efectos de la radiación , Exposición Materna , Embarazo , RatasRESUMEN
The total gamma-irradiation of Wistar rats at a dose of 0.25 Gy as well as at higher doses (0.5, 2 and 4.5 Gy) produces in the capillary endothelial cells of myocardium and lung a pronounced, dose-independent increase of the yield of necrotized cells. Similar changes were revealed in the animals, of which one of the parents (a male one day, a female seven days prior to copulation) was irradiated at doses of 0.25 and 0.5 Gy. This effect was observed in all studied descendants. The massive induction of the changes already by low radiation actions and their dose-independence allow considering the revealed effects as a manifestation of peculiar cellular reactions that presumably have epigenetic nature.
Asunto(s)
Capilares/efectos de la radiación , Muerte Celular , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de la radiación , Exposición Materna , Exposición Paterna , Animales , Capilares/citología , Vasos Coronarios/citología , Vasos Coronarios/efectos de la radiación , Endotelio Vascular/citología , Femenino , Rayos gamma , Pulmón/irrigación sanguínea , Pulmón/citología , Pulmón/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , Miocardio/citología , Dosis de Radiación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
On the first day and 3-10 or 40-60 days after a single whole-body gamma-irradiation with doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 Gy, the pubertal female Wistar rats coupled with intact males. The embryogenesis and early postnatal ontogenesis of posterity of two generations from these parents were investigated. A raised mutation rate and physiological inferiority of the progeny was found, depending both on a dose and on the degree of oocyte maturity at the moment of the irradiation. The obtained data showed the instability of the irradiated genome in a number of generations.
Asunto(s)
Animales Recién Nacidos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal/efectos de la radiación , Fertilidad/efectos de la radiación , Fertilización , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Femenino , Masculino , Mutación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Irradiación Corporal TotalRESUMEN
Examination of 2563 offsprings of Wistar rats after irradiation of one or both parents with doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 Gy was carried out; the manifestation of lethal effects in the progeny of the first generation in ontogenesis was studied. The level of embryonic death was the highest after irradiation of germ cells of parents at stages of spermatids, spermatozoids and matured oocytes. Following irradiation of both parents with doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 Gy at these stages of gametogenesis and 4 Gy at the stage of spermatids and matured oocytes there was a trend of increasing radiation effects caused by the participation of two irradiated germ cells. After irradiation of both parents with doses of 2, 3 and 4 Gy the embryonic death F1 was essentially the same as rates for irradiated females and non-irradiated males. The F1 death rate in early postnatal development exceeded the control only after irradiation with doses of 2, 3 and 4 Gy. The increase in radiation effects in the F1 due to the mating of two irradiated parents appears to be associated with a mechanism demonstrating additivity or synergism.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal/efectos de la radiación , Exposición Materna , Exposición Paterna , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Pérdida del Embrión , Femenino , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The problem of hereditary effects of mammal exposure to ionizing radiation has a 95-year history but to date, no simple final solution has been available. Many papers on this problem specify the dependence of the hereditary effects on dose rate, regime, physical nature of radiation exposure, type, line and age of mammals that were studied. Over many years it was studied mainly as an aspect of hereditary radiation effects in progeny of one irradiated and the second non-irradiated parents. Recently due to the large-scale expansion of ionizing irradiation, it has turned out urgent to study hereditary radiation effects in progeny of both irradiated parents. However, the original studies on this problem are not numerous, and in the summarized articles, the problem practically had no specified presentation.
Asunto(s)
Mamíferos/genética , Efectos de la Radiación , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Femenino , Masculino , Biología Molecular/efectos de la radiación , Óvulo/efectos de la radiación , Tolerancia a Radiación , Espermatozoides/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
The relation between the antenatal and early postnatal ontogenesis of the progeny and the degree of maturity of oocytes at the time of the whole single gamma-irradiation with doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 Gy was studied on 473 first pregnant Wistar rats and 1402 rats of the first generation. Ontogenesis disorders ot the progeny of these females after irradiation of the matured oocytes were more marked than after irradiation of the maturing oocytes. The distinction was noticeable after a dose of 0.25 Gy.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal/efectos de la radiación , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Oocitos/efectos de la radiación , Oogénesis/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Femenino , Embarazo , Dosis de Radiación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The paper summarises some methodological approaches which may be used in experimental modelling and study of hereditary radiation effects in mammals. These approaches are aimed to the elucidation of the possible specific character (aggravation) of radiation damage in the offspring determined by the participation of two exposed parents in conception. The main attention is drawn to the dependence of hereditary radiation effects yield on the stages of the cell cycle of the parent germ cells at the moment of exposure and to criteria of evaluation of radiation damage in the offspring during the ontogenetic development.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/genética , Animales , Padre , Femenino , Gametogénesis/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Embarazo , Genética de Radiación/métodosRESUMEN
In experiments with Wistar rats it was shown that the efficiency of mexamine as radioprotector was substantially lower when sex cells of both parents (spermatozoids, spermatids, ovocytes) were irradiated with a dose of 2-4 Gy than after irradiation one parent only. It may be associated with the aggravation of effects in the posterity being conceived from gametes of both exposed parents.
Asunto(s)
5-Metoxitriptamina/farmacología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Padre , Femenino , Gametogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Gametogénesis/efectos de la radiación , Rayos gamma , Tamaño de la Camada/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Camada/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Irradiación Corporal TotalRESUMEN
Distinct genetic radiosensitivity of germinal cells of males irradiated during different stages of spermatogenesis with doses of 0.25-5.0 Gy leads to reduction in vital newborn rats number in the first generation progeny and to elevated postnatal mortality rate. These postnatal ontogeny disorders depend on the irradiation dose and spermatogenesis stage for a moment irradiation.
Asunto(s)
Crecimiento/efectos de la radiación , Espermatogénesis/efectos de la radiación , Espermatozoides/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Padre , Rayos gamma , Tamaño de la Camada/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Tolerancia a Radiación , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The purpose of the investigation is the study and comparative analysis of radiation effects observed in antenatal and early postnatal ontogenesis of first generation progeny when one or both parents have been irradiated in doses 2, 3, 4 Gy. It was shown that the effects for the posterity of both exposed parents were attributed mainly to a female if mature oocytes were exposed to radiation, or to a male if maturing oocytes were exposed. If both parents have been irradiated at the spermatid, spermatozoid or mature oocyte stages and got 4 Gy aggravated effects in progeny are observed. It is may be related to synergistic mechanism of realization of this phenomenon.
Asunto(s)
Oocitos/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación , Espermatozoides/efectos de la radiación , Anomalías Inducidas por Radiación/etiología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Femenino , Masculino , Embarazo , Dosis de Radiación , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Acute gamma-irradiation with a dose of 4 Gy of germinal cells of both parents in postmeiotic stages of gametogenesis results in increase of ineffective copulation rate. Antenatal and postnatal ontogenesis of first generation progeny shows worse consequences as compared with only one parent germinal cell irradiation.
Asunto(s)
Gametogénesis/efectos de la radiación , Células Germinativas/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación , Anomalías Inducidas por Radiación , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Femenino , Infertilidad/etiología , Masculino , Óvulo/efectos de la radiación , Embarazo , Dosis de Radiación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Espermatozoides/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Single whole-body exposure of adult male rats Wistar in different stages of spermatogenesis to gamma-rays (doses from 0.25 to 5.00 Gy) resulted in violations of antenatal development of the first generation offsprings. The pronouncement of these violations depends on the spermatogenesis stage in the moment of irradiation and exposure dose.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal/efectos de la radiación , Espermatogénesis , Espermatozoides/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Femenino , Muerte Fetal/etiología , Genes Letales/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Irradiación Corporal TotalRESUMEN
The authors discuss the mechanisms of compensatory reactions of the human vegetative nervous system, its central and peripheral parts, in breathing a gaseous hypoxic mixture. Five types of neurovegetative reactions of the organism aimed at maintaining the oxygen balance in blood were distinguished. The interrelationship of values reflecting the activity of the central and peripheral parts of the vegetative nervous system in exposure to emergency effects is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiología , Hipoxia/fisiopatología , Oxígeno/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoxia/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The paper is concerned with the data on change in the blood level of ACTH, STH, TSH, cortisol, T3, insulin, C-peptide during a 25-minute session of respiration using a gaseous hypoxic mixture with 10% oxygen (GHM-10). The investigation was performed in 23 healthy volunteers. Change in the hormonal status, characteristic of a moderate stress-reaction, was observed in 60% of the examinees. It was found out that during a GHM-10 session a degree of change in function of the studied factors of the endocrine system showed correlation with change in the activity of the autonomic nervous system.
Asunto(s)
Glándulas Endocrinas/fisiopatología , Hipoxia/fisiopatología , Adulto , Glándulas Endocrinas/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Hormonas/sangre , Humanos , Hipoxia/sangre , Masculino , Protectores contra Radiación/administración & dosificación , Valores de Referencia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
From abnormalities in the first pregnancy, antenatal and postnatal development of the Wistar rat offspring subjected to a single whole-body gamma irradiation (0.5-1.5 Gy) during embryogenesis, it was inferred that ovaries were most radiosensitive on days 10-16 of the antenatal ontogeny with regard to the remote effects of irradiation.
Asunto(s)
Ovario/efectos de la radiación , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Femenino , Muerte Fetal/epidemiología , Muerte Fetal/etiología , Rayos gamma , Edad Gestacional , Ovario/embriología , Embarazo , Tolerancia a Radiación , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Irradiación Corporal TotalRESUMEN
In experiments with 470 primigravida Wistar rats and 2248 kid rats of the first generation a study was made of the relationship between the postirradiation superovulation and viability of embryos and offspring of females subjected to whole-body gamma-irradiation with doses of 1 to 4 Gy. The extent and durability of superovulation are a function of radiation dose while the superovulation itself is accompanied by an increased pre- or post-implantation death of embryos and a decreased postnatal survival of the offspring.