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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mandibular ramus in gender identification in Haryana population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred patients were assessed. Panoramic radiological examination was done. Following parameters were recorded: MAX. RM. WDTH (Maximum ramus breadth), MIN. RM. WDTH (Minimum ramus breadth), CND. HGT. RM (Condylar height), PRJ. HGT. RM (Projective height of the ramus), and CRND. HGT. RM (Coronoid height). All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.0. RESULTS: There is significant difference found in males and females in maximum ramus width, minimum ramus width, condylar height, and coronoid height and between male and females in condylar height and coronoid height. Furthermore, there was statistical significant difference between male and females in coronoid height. CONCLUSION: Mandibular ramus can be used for gender assessment as a part of forensic investigation.
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OBJECTIVE: Candidal species identification in malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions with antifungal susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oral candidal carriage, strain diversity, and antifungal susceptibility of Candida were checked for the patients having oral cancer or precancer reporting to the clinics for 1½ year. Statistically significant patients were selected and a control group was taken. A total of 105 individuals were selected and divided into three different groups. Salivary samples were taken from all the individuals. Candida detection was done using Sabouraud's agar and candidal species detection on CHROMagar. In vitro antifungal sensitivity was done using antifungal disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Candida was isolated from 88.6% of patients with oral cancer and 45.7% in oral precancerous group. C. albicans was the predominant species found in 100% of oral precancerous and 71% in oral cancerous patients. Other Candid a species found were C. tropicalis (9.7%) and C. krusei (19.6%). Antifungal susceptibility showed 4.3% sensitivity to fluconazole and 100% sensitivity to amphotericin B and nystatin. CONCLUSION: Oral Candida carriage was higher in oral cancerous group and majority of them were sensitive to amphotericin B and nystatin.
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INTRODUCTION: Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers (RAU) is one of the most common oral ulcerative Disease of the oral mucosa with high recurrence rate. Standard topical treatment options provide symptomatic relief with few have been found to be effective in treating or relieving the symptoms. AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of various topical agents in order to find the better treatment modality so as to decrease the number, size, exudate level and discomfort associated with pain with RAU. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients diagnosed with minor recurrent aphthous ulcers fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. All the baseline parameters were measured by the principal investigator. The treatment modality was assigned by generating a randomization list by computer software, double-blinded in consecutively numbered sealed envelopes. The topical treatment modalities that were included: 5% Amlexanox, 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide, 20% Benzocaine gel, 100 mg Doxycycline hyclatemixed with denture adhesive and normal saline (20:2:1); The study was placebo controlled in which placebo gel 10 gm was used. The size, no of ulcers, pain, erythema and exudate level were measured by the principal investigator at days 1, 4, 8 and 10. All quantitative variables were estimated using measures of central tendency (mean, median) and measures of dispersion (standard deviation). Qualitative or categorical variables were described as frequencies or proportions. Proportions were compared using Post Hoc Test and N Par Tests. Effectiveness was checked using p-value (< 0.005). RESULTS: It was observed that 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide and 5% Amlexanox proven to be more efficacious in the reduction of size, Number, Pain, Erythema and Exudate Levels at day 8, (p = .000*) and at day 10 (p =. 000*) as compared to single application of 100 mg Doxycycline Hyclate, 20% Benzocaine gel and the placebo, which was statistically significant. VAS scale was significant for 100 mg Doxycycline Hyclate and 20% Benzocaine gel. CONCLUSION: The selected topical treatment modality can deliver cheap, effective and safe drug therapy which benefits the patient in refining their regular activities and everyday events of life.
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OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of "subluxation" and presence of clinical signs of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD) in asymptomatic individuals and its distribution according to age and sex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material investigated comprised of 200 asymptomatic subjects with 400 joints. The subjects were divided into two groups of 18-25 years and 50-60 years of age consisting of equal number of males and females. Clinical examination involved measurement of maximal inter-incisal distance, joint sounds and deviation. For radiological examination, Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) open mouth close mouth view option (TMJ1/2) was used on a Digital Panoramic Machine. All the radiographs were traced to assess subluxation and anterior translation of the condyle. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, version 15.0 for Windows). RESULTS: The prevalence of the signs of TMDs in the asymptomatic population was found to be very high and more predominant in females as compared to males. Furthermore, the older age group had comparatively less signs of TMDs. It was of interest that the subjects presenting with clinical signs of TMD were significantly less as compared to the subjects presenting with subluxation. The value of anterior translation was found to be more in females in the younger age group as compared to the males. Similarly, it was more in males as compared to females in older age group. But the mean anterior translation difference in females in 18-25 years and 50-60 years showed a statistically significant difference with P-value 0.017. CONCLUSION: Subluxation is a very common feature found in almost all the subjects in this study with a high prevalence. Hence, we may assume that the increased incidence of TMDs could be a direct result of the phenomena of subluxation. The decrease in mandibular length could be the cause of decreased mouth opening and increased subluxation.
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OBJECTIVE: It is a well-known fact that osteoporosis affects the people with old age and remains unnoticeable until the patient presents with fracture. Various studies in the literature reveal that panoramic radiographs may prove to be beneficial in the detection of Osteoporosis in patients. Henceforth this present study was aimed to validate the use of Klemetti Index (KI) on panoramic radiographs so as to detect osteoporosis in the patients at an early stage. METHODS: 60 postmenopausal women were selected. A panoramic radiograph was taken to grade their mandibular cortex on the basis of Klemetti Index. All the panoramic radiographs were evaluated by 5 different Oral Medicine and Radiology specialists. Later all the patients were subjected to dual energy X-ray absorptimetry (DEXA) scan for bone mineral density evaluation. The results were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: The average accuracy of the five observers to demonstrate normal bone, osteopenia and osteoporosis when compared to DEXA scan was 58.08%, 63.3% and 64.74% respectively. The observations of the 5 observers on the basis of KI were not statistically different from the BMD evaluation done with the help of DEXA Scan. CONCLUSION: Panoramic radiographs can be used as a screening tool for the evaluation as well as early detection of osteoporosis with the usage of Klemetti Index.
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OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to estimate and secondary objective was to compare the serum calcium levels and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in post-menopausal women with and without oral dryness (OD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was carried out on 80 selected post-menopausal women. Salivary flow was assessed by flow rate; serum calcium concentrations were assessed through Semi Autoanalyzer by Arsenazo III reaction. The serum PTH concentration was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Severity of OD was assessed by a questionnaire through which the xerostomia inventory (XI) score could be measured. Statistical analysis of Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Pearson's correlation was used. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in mean values of both serum PTH concentration and XI score in post-menopausal women with/without OD (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference (p = 0.354) was found in salivary flow rate and serum calcium levels in post-menopausal women in both groups. A positive correlation was found between the serum PTH and XI score in both case and control groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Severity of oral dryness in post-menopausal women is associated with the high levels of serum PTH. However, the correlation of severity of OD with serum calcium could not be established.
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Calcio/sangre , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Posmenopausia/sangre , Xerostomía/sangre , Xerostomía/diagnóstico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Saliva/metabolismo , Tasa de Secreción , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is a common condition that is best evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The first step in MR imaging of the TMJ is to evaluate the articular disk, or meniscus, in terms of its morphologic features and its location relative to the condyle in both closed- and open-mouth positions. Disk location is of prime importance because the presence of a displaced disk is a critical sign of TMJ dysfunction. However, disk displacement is also frequently seen in asymptomatic volunteers. It is important for the maxillofacial radiologist to detect early MR imaging signs of dysfunction, thereby avoiding the evolution of this condition to its advanced and irreversible phase which is characterized by osteoarthritic changes such as condylar flattening or osteophytes. Further the MR imaging techniques will allow a better understanding of the sources of TMJ pain and of any discrepancy between imaging findings and patient symptoms. Henceforth, the aim of the study was to evaluate whether MRI findings of various degrees of disk displacement could be correlated with the presence or absence of clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Materials and Methods : In this clinical study, 44 patients (88 TMJs) were examined clinically and divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 22 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of TMDs either unilaterally or bilaterally and considered as study group. Group 2 consisted of 22 patients with no signs and symptoms of TMDs and considered as control group. MRI was done for both the TMJs of each patient. Displacement of the posterior band of articular disc in relation to the condyle was quantified as anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDR), anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWR), posterior disc displacement (PDD). Results : Disk displacement was found in 18 (81.8%) patients of 22 symptomatic subjects in Group 1 on MRI and 4 (18.1%) were diagnosed normal with no disc displacement. In Group 2, 2 (9.1%) of 22 asymptomatic patients were diagnosed with disc displacement while 20 (90.1%) were normal. Sensitivity and Specificity tests were applied in both the groups to correlate clinical findings of TMD and MRI characterstics of disc displacement and results showed Sensitivity of 90% and Specificity of 83.3%. Conclusion : Disk displacement on MRI correlated well with presence or absence of clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders with high Sensitivity and Specificity of 90% and 83.3% respectively.
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Hodgkin's lymphoma accounts for ten per cent of all lymphomas. Lymphomas represent the third most frequent neoplasia on a worldwide scale and constitute 3 % of malignant tumors. In the United States, there are about 8,000 new cases every year. This case report describes a case of lymphocyte-depletion Hodgkin's lymphoma (LDHL) manifested by anemia. LDHL is the least common of the types of Hodgkin's disease, comprising less than 1 % of all cases of this cancer. A 19-year-old Indian male presented with complaint of huge asymptomatic swelling in the right lateral part of neck since 8 months. All the lymph nodes of the right side submandibular, submental, cervical and axillary lymph nodes were rubbery in consistency, tender and were palpable. The CBC revealed hemoglobin of 7.4 gm/dL and ESR count was highly raised up to 125 mm/first hour. Direct Coomb's test detected multiple antibodies IgG type, which was consistent with the diagnosis of Haemolytic anemia. Ultrasonography of the neck showed enlarged discrete lymph nodes on the right side of the neck. For further evaluation patient was subject for ultrasonography of the abdomen which revealed there was of enlargement of both spleen and liver. Lymph node FNAC revealed classic LDHL. Anemia and swelling resolved after completion of chemotherapy with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) after 6 cycles. The literature review and our case report discuss the optimal management of this Hodgkin's lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of LDHL with Haemolytic Anemia treated with only ABVD regime.
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Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a relatively common disease that can severely affect the quality of life of the patient. It causes chronic orofacial pain or oral burning sensation even in the absence of any detectable organic cause. The etiology of BMS is complex and multifactorial. It has been associated with menopause, trigger events and even genetic polymorphisms. Although its etiology remains unclear, there is still much evidence that psychological elements like stress, anxiety or depression do play a significant role. There are several studies in the literature which only report the association of BMS with psychological factors. But to the best of our knowledge, there is no such case reported in the literature which has actually highlighted the management of such a case with psychogenic elements involved. In this case report, apart from discussing the role of psychological factors, the treatment of BMS with emphasis on counseling is also emphasized. Further, it is of interest to know that such patients with psychologically induced burning mouth syndrome have to be evaluated to their deepest details. Even their commonly overlooked gestures and habits like watching a particular television soap opera may be involved in their disease process. It can be concluded that psychological counseling in general dental practice can provide an effective cure for chronic oral burning sensation with psychological factors involved.
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BACKGROUND: Radiographs are used extensively in dentistry to supplement the clinical examination of the patients. Technical advances in X-ray equipment and imaging systems have allowed significant reduction in radiation doses of patients during intraoral and extraoral radiography. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness of dental professionals of northern India regarding dose-reduction techniques and radiographic equipment. METHODS: The survey covered 370 dentists in the states of Punjab and Haryana in northern India. Information on the demographic characteristics of the dentists, radiographic equipment, techniques, and radiation protection was obtained with a 30-point questionnaire. RESULTS: The respondents knowledge concerning the technical details of their equipment was limited, with 82.3% not being aware about the kilovoltage peak of their machine. Up to 10.8% dentists were not aware about the speed of film. The most preferred technique for periapical radiography was the bisecting angle technique, which was used by 94.1% dentists. CONCLUSION: In the present study the results indicate that for minimizing any unnecessary radiation, attempts should be made to improve dentists' knowledge about radiation-dose-reduction techniques.
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Actitud del Personal de Salud , Odontólogos/psicología , Radiografía Dental/métodos , Adulto , Educación en Odontología , Endodoncia , Diseño de Equipo , Humanos , India , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ortodoncia , Periodoncia , Prostodoncia , Dosis de Radiación , Protección Radiológica , Radiografía de Mordida Lateral/métodos , Radiografía Dental/instrumentación , Radiología/educación , Cirugía Bucal , Película para Rayos X , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Although the incidence of zygomatic air cell defects (ZACDs) is significantly low in general population, still they pose as a risk factor during surgical procedures like eminectomies and eminoplasties because there is a risk of spread of infection intracranially. Furthermore, such procedures are more common in TMD patients. With this fact in mind, this study was designed to find out the prevalence, radiographic appearance, and characteristics of zygomatic air cell defects in diagnosed symptomatic temporomandibular joint disorder patients. METHOD: The study comprised of evaluation of panoramic radiographs of 70 temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) patients in the age range of 18-30 years selected on the basis of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD). The radiographs were evaluated regarding the presence, variations, and characteristics of ZACDs. Groups were compared by χ (2) analysis. RESULTS: ZACDs were identified in 21 TMD subjects out of 70, giving an overall prevalence of 30 %. Out of 21 ZACDs, nine were in males (42.8 %) and 12 were in females (52.38 %). ZACDs were unilateral in ten TMD patients (47.61 %) and were bilateral in 11 patients (52.38 %). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the number of ZACDs is surprisingly more in diagnosed TMD patients. This strengthens the need for thorough preoperative imaging evaluation of ZACDs in such patients. Further longitudinal studies are required to find out the long-term effect of ZACDs on symptomatic as well as non-symptomatic TMD subjects. This may prove helpful to appreciate that whether ZACDs have any role in the development TMDs and vice versa. As with many TMD studies, caution should be exercised in interpreting these results until further studies have been carried out on this topic. Ideally, some prospective randomised evaluations with "hard" evidence of the diagnosis with MRI support.
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Radiografía Panorámica/métodos , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/diagnóstico por imagen , Cigoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Aire , Variación Anatómica , Femenino , Humanos , India , Masculino , Hueso Temporal/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that usually develops in primary or recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. It occurs in 6% of all pleomorphic adenomas, of which only 7% of cases occur in minor salivary gland tumors. The rate of occurrence and malignant change increases with time if a case is left untreated. Intraorally, it is mostly seen in the palate, followed by the upper lip and buccal mucosa. CXPA of the hard palate typically presents as a painless, slow-growing swelling that frequently involves the periosteum and underlying palatal bone. Imaging of CXPA is usually noncontributory, leading to frequent misdiagnosis. Longstanding cases may extend up to the parapharyngeal space and cavernous sinus. We describe a rare case of CXPA of the palate with non-significant clinical and radiological findings. Early diagnosis for better prognosis is stressed.
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Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma Pleomórfico/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Palatinas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/diagnóstico , Adulto , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Paladar Duro/patología , Paladar Blando/patologíaRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence, radiographic appearance, and characteristics of zygomatic air cell defects (ZACD) in digital panoramic radiographs in a North Indian population. METHODS: The dental panoramic radiographs of 800 outpatients were selected from the records of the department, and were examined retrospectively to evaluate the variations and characteristics of ZACD. Groups were compared by χ(2) analysis for the presence of ZACD. RESULTS: ZACD were identified in 46 of 800 patients, giving an overall prevalence of 5.7%. Patients with ZACD were aged 4-60 years, with a mean age of 31.43 years. Most patients with ZACD were in their thirties. ZACD showed a no gender predilection; 29 of 46 patients were male (63.4%), and 17 were female (36.6%). Thirty cases (65.2%) of ZACD were unilateral, with 20 cases occurring on the right side. In 16 cases (34.8%), ZACD was bilateral. Forty four of the defects were unilocular, and two of the defects were multilocular. CONCLUSION: Digital panoramic radiographs are considered better than conventional panoramic radiographs in locating ZACD. Further, the presence of ZACD might be valuable for age estimations, to some extent. Further studies are required to investigate the pneumatization of articular eminence before puberty.
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Radiografía Panorámica/métodos , Hueso Temporal/diagnóstico por imagen , Cigoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Aire , Variación Anatómica , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Hallazgos Incidentales , India , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía Dental Digital/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study is to estimate and secondary objective is to compare the salivary calcium levels, salivary parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in postmenopausal women with and without oral dryness (OD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was carried out on 80 selected postmenopausal women. Salivary calcium concentrations were assessed through Semi Autoanalyzer by Arsenazo III reaction. The salivary PTH concentration was measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Severity of OD was assessed by a questionnaire through which the xerostomia inventory (XI) score could be measured. Statistical analysis of Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Pearson's correlation was used. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in mean values of both salivary calcium concentration and XI score in postmenopausal women with/without OD (P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was found in salivary parathyroid levels in postmenopausal women in both groups. A positive correlation was found between the salivary calcium concentration and XI score in both case and control groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Severity of OD in postmenopausal women is associated with the high levels of salivary calcium. However, the correlation of severity of OD with PTH could not be established.
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Few topical formulations have been designed specifically to treat oral mucosal diseases. Local drug delivery may provide a more targeted and efficient option than systemic delivery for diseases of the oral mucosa. The permeability to the topical drugs differs according to the thickness of the epithelium and the extent of keratinization. The loss of the permeability barrier in the oral mucosa, due to ulceration or erosion, leads to rapid diffusion of the drug into tissues as compared to the intact areas of the mucosa. Oral mucosal delivery has the potential to treat many different conditions and diseases, such as oral cancer, mucositis, lichen planus, herpes simplex, candidiasis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, vesiculo-bullous diseases, neuropathic pain and salivary dysfunction. Each therapy requires distinct penetration and drug retention profiles in order to optimize treatment and minimize side effects. In this paper, topical medications are discussed, as these are advantageous for the treatment of oral mucosal lesions with fewer side effects.
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Antiinfecciosos Locales/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de la Boca/tratamiento farmacológico , Mucosa Bucal , Mucositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas Odontológicas/administración & dosificación , Administración Tópica , Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Antivirales/administración & dosificación , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular , Dolor Facial/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Liquen Plano Oral/tratamiento farmacológico , Mucosa Bucal/citología , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/tratamiento farmacológico , Penfigoide Benigno de la Membrana Mucosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Pénfigo/tratamiento farmacológico , Estomatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Estomatitis Aftosa/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma depends on early diagnosis, despite advanced surgical techniques, the 5-year survival rate remains ~40-50%. Unfortunately, it is usually detected when it becomes symptomatic. This requires treatment which gives rise to a high rate of morbidity and mortality and, furthermore, early detection of oro-pharyngeal pre-malignant lesions is important to improve the survival rate and quality of life. Since dysplasia and in situ carcinoma contain much more DNA and RNA than the normal surrounding epithelium, the use of in vivo staining, by means of toluidine blue dye, is based on the fact that it is an acidophilic dye that selectively stains acidic tissue components such as DNA and RNA. Toluidine blue staining is considered to be sensitive in identifying early oro-pharyngeal premalignant and malignant lesions. In the present study, the use of toluidine blue staining was taken into consideration to identify clinically doubtful oro-pharyngeal lesions and to compare toluidine blue stain and with the histological evaluation. Key words:Early detection, improved survival, pre-cancer, toluidine blue, vital staining.
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Although leprosy involves the oral cavity in up to 60% of the patients, examination of the oral cavity in leprosy clinics or oral health science clinics is often neglected. Oral involvement in leprosy can broadly be divided into non-specific and specific lesions. In this review, we discuss various oral manifestations in leprosy patients so as to increase the awareness about this aspect among dermatologists and dental surgeons.
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Students' motivations in choosing a career in the health professions are of great interest for educators and admission committees, particularly in the field of dentistry. This study conducted in four private dental institutions in India was designed to investigate dental students' motivations in their choice of dentistry as a career and their perceptions regarding dentistry in India. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 369 students responded in a combination of selected responses to the questions, for a response rate of 92.3 percent. In the results, 53.7 percent of the students reported pursuing dentistry because it offers stable work (p<0.002); 38.7 percent because the profession is highly paid; and 7.6 percent due to the ease in finding a regular job in dental schools or hospitals. The survey also found that 44.4 percent of the students pursued dentistry because they can determine their own hours of work and 36.6 percent said they liked to be their own boss. Among these students, 64.5 percent said they were content to be joining dentistry as a professional course, but 35.5 percent were discontented (p<0.001). Regarding the specialties, 79.1 percent said they want to become specialists in the field of dentistry (p<0.001); oral surgery was the leading choice followed by orthodontics. Only 11.7 percent reported wanting to pursue dentistry for research purposes. Overall, this study found that financial and professional factors were the chief criteria for students' pursuing dentistry in India; however, the strongest influence in the choice of dentistry was the students' parents or family.
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Actitud , Selección de Profesión , Odontología , Motivación , Estudiantes de Odontología , Adolescente , Adulto , Investigación Dental , Servicio Odontológico Hospitalario , Empleo , Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Renta , India , Internado y Residencia , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Masculino , Ortodoncia , Satisfacción Personal , Criterios de Admisión Escolar , Facultades de Odontología , Especialidades Odontológicas , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Estudiantes de Odontología/psicología , Cirugía Bucal , Enseñanza , Administración del Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the genotoxic effects of x-rays on gingival and buccal epithelial cells during panoramic dental radiography using the micronucleus test. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Eighty otherwise healthy subjects who required a diagnostic panoramic radiograph and met the selection criteria were included in the study. Epithelial cells were obtained from the maxillary anterior gingiva and buccal mucosa by gentle scraping with a wooden spatula immediately before exposure and again 10 days after exposure. Cytologic preparations were made according to the Papanicolaou staining method and analyzed under a light microscope for micronucleus count. RESULTS: The mean ± SD micronucleus count of gingival epithelial cells was 1.08 ± 0.76 before radiographic exposure and 1.6 ± 0.93 after exposure. This increase was statistically significant (P < .05). Similarly, there was an increase in the postexposure micronucleus count in the buccal mucosa, but this increase was not significant (P > .05). A significant correlation was observed between the age of subjects and micronucleus count, although no such correlation was found between sex and micronucleus count. CONCLUSION: Although radiation-related effects from panoramic radiography were reduced compared with full-mouth intraoral periapical radiographs or radiotherapy, the results of this study show that genotoxic effects do take place. Thus, radiographs should be taken with adequate protection measures and only when the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk.
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Daño del ADN , Encía/efectos de la radiación , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de la radiación , Radiografía Dental Digital/efectos adversos , Radiografía Panorámica/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Células Epiteliales/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Encía/citología , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/citología , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Swelling of the tongue is a rare clinical entity. It is a potentially life-threatening condition, as it could result in airway compromise. The differential diagnosis of acute tongue swelling includes hemorrhage, infarction, abscess, tumor, and edema. A tongue abscess should be considered in all cases of acute tongue swelling, especially when host defenses are severely impaired. Although the diagnosis of lingual abscess can be reached clinically because of the rarity of the condition, in neglected cases, the diagnosis can be difficult. Despite of the rarity and complexity of this condition, its management strategy is relatively simple. In the present study, we describe a case of a tongue abscess on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue in a 60-year-old woman, and discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this complex entity.