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Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by hypercalcemia and elevated or abnormally normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, due to excessive secretion of PTH by 1 or more parathyroid glands. In this report, we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by ectopic parathyroid adenomas, a rare but atypical presentation of PHPT. We present the case of a 36-year-old female with PHPT due to an ectopic parathyroid adenoma located in the submandibular region. The patient presented with bone pain and was initially evaluated with routine imaging studies, which were negative. [18F] F-choline positron emission tomography (PET)/Computed tomography revealed the ectopic adenoma, leading to successful surgical management. Ectopic parathyroid adenomas are rare but can occur in various locations, and functional imaging modalities such as choline PET can aid in their detection. Surgical resection remains the definitive treatment for parathyroid adenomas, with intraoperative PTH monitoring guiding the extent of resection. Proper evaluation and management of PHPT is essential to avoid significant morbidity. Our case adds to the growing body of literature on the importance of considering ectopic locations of parathyroid adenomas in patients with PHPT.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) as a predictor of extracapsular extension (ECE) and unfavorable Gleason score (GS) in patients with intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods: Patients with clinically localized PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and had preoperative mp-MRI between May-2011 and December-2013. Mp-MRI was evaluated according to the European Society of Urogenital Radiology MRI prostate guidelines by two different readers. Histopathological RP results were the standard reference. Results: 79 patients were included; mean age was 61 and median preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 7.0. On MRI, 28% patients had ECE evidenced in the mp-MRI, 5% seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and 4% lymph node involvement (LNI). At RP, 39.2% had ECE, 26.6% SVI and 12.8% LNI. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of mp-MRI for ECE were 54.9%, 90.9%, 76%, 81% and 74.1% respectively; for SVI values were 19.1%, 100%, 77.3%, 100% and 76.1% respectively and for LNI 20%, 98.4%, 86.7%, 66.7% and 88.7%. Conclusions: Major surgical decisions are made with digital rectal exam (DRE) and ultrasound studies before the use of Mp-MRI. This imaging study contributes to rule out gross extraprostatic extension (ECE, SVI, LNI) without competing with pathological studies. The specificity and NPV are reasonable to decide surgical approach. A highly experienced radiology team is needed to provide accurate estimations of tumor extension and aggressiveness.

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) as a predictor of extracapsular extension (ECE) and unfavorable Gleason score (GS) in patients with intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with clinically localized PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and had preoperative mp-MRI between May-2011 and December-2013. Mp-MRI was evaluated according to the European Society of Urogenital Radiology MRI prostate guidelines by two different readers. Histopathological RP results were the standard reference. RESULTS: 79 patients were included; mean age was 61 and median preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 7.0. On MRI, 28% patients had ECE evidenced in the mp-MRI, 5% seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and 4% lymph node involvement (LNI). At RP, 39.2% had ECE, 26.6% SVI and 12.8% LNI. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of mp-MRI for ECE were 54.9%, 90.9%, 76%, 81% and 74.1% respectively; for SVI values were 19.1%, 100%, 77.3%, 100% and 76.1% respectively and for LNI 20%, 98.4%, 86.7%, 66.7% and 88.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Major surgical decisions are made with digital rectal exam (DRE) and ultrasound studies before the use of Mp-MRI. This imaging study contributes to rule out gross extraprostatic extension (ECE, SVI, LNI) without competing with pathological studies. The specificity and NPV are reasonable to decide surgical approach. A highly experienced radiology team is needed to provide accurate estimations of tumor extension and aggressiveness.

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El tumor de células gigantes de la vaina tendinosa es, después del ganglión, la masa más común en la mano; se ha descrito su localización en articulaciones de mayor tamaño como el tobillo y el pie. La rodilla es la localización menos frecuente y suele presentarse en niños. En la rodilla la forma de presentación usual es intraarticular y la localización más frecuente es infrapatelar, seguido de la suprapatelar y en menor frecuencia la región posterior intercondilar. Se expone el caso de una mujer sana de 26 años de edad con dolor en la fosa poplítea izquierda asociado a aumento de volumen. La resonancia magnética (RM) mostró una masa sólida, heterogénea, intraarticular, localizada en la región posteromedial de la rodilla, con realce difuso con el medio de contraste. Se consideró como primera posibilidad diagnóstica una sinovitis vellonudar pigmentada. El estudio histopatológico mostró un tumor de células gigantes de la vaina tendinosa de la cápsula articular. El objetivo de esta presentación de caso es demostrar las características en RM de un tumor de células gigantes de la vaina tendinosa de la cápsula de la rodilla, una de las localizaciones menos frecuentes de esta lesión.

The giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, after the ganglion cyst, is the most common mass in the hand; followed by the ankle and the foot. The knee represents a less common location and it usually occurs in children. In the knee, the usual presentation is intrarticular, and the most frequent location is in the infrapatellar region, followed by the suprapatellar region, and less frequently the posterior intercondylar region. A case of a healthy 26-year-old woman with pain in the right popliteal fossa associated with increased volume is presented. The MRI showed an intra articular heterogeneous solid mass, centrally located in the posterior intercondylar region, with heterogeneous enhancement. Pigmented villonodular synovitis was considered as the first possible differential diagnoses. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath of the joint capsule. The objective of this case report is to show the magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics of a giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath arising from the joint capsule, an uncommon location of this type of lesion.

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Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a malignant neoplasm that most often presents in male adolescents as an abdominal mass. Cytological features have been previously described, but only two reports noted post chemotherapy changes on effusions. We report a case of a 15-year-old male with DSRCT status postchemotherapy that presented with ascitis. Unusual morphology was seen: Numerous malignant large and single cells with prominent nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm in a background without the stroma, occasional mitosis, and the abundant apoptosis. Cell block immunocytochemistry was confirmatory. Awareness of the postchemotherapy changes in this tumor will allow us to diagnose recurrence.

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Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 78 años, que presentaba importante pérdida de peso y su endoscopia digestiva alta demostró pliegues gástricos gigantes. Se realizaron biopsias con asa de polipectomía en busca del diagnóstico y posible enfermedad neoplásica. La histopatología documentó gastropatía hipertrófica. La ecoendoscopia gástrica demostró una pared muy gruesa y aunque se sospechó neoplasia no podía ser conclusiva, solamente después de realizada la gastrectomía total se diagnosticó linitis plástica. Presentamos la revisión de pliegues gástricos gigantes así como las causas y clasificación de la gastropatía hipertrófica.

We present 78 year old Colombian lady who had lost weight and had giant gastric folds in her upper endoscopy. Intensive work up was done including extra large biopsies done with polipectomy snares. The pathology diagnosed hypertrophic gastropathy. Endoscopic ultrasound of the stomach diagnosed a very thick gastric wall. Only after total gastrectomy was done, Linitis Plastica was diagnosed. We review giant gastric folds as well as causes and classification of the hypertrophic gastropathy.

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Se revisaron 9.349 informes de estudios de especímenes quirúrgicos del archivo del Departamento de Patología del Hospital San Juan de Dios y la Clínica Carlos Lleras Restrepo de Bogotá en el tiempo comprendido entre enero 1 de 1999 y mayo 31 de 2000. Se seleccionaron los especímenes con diagnóstico de tumores gástricos que correspondieron al 8,61 por ciento de los casos; 2,41 por ciento fueron tumores benignos y 6,2 por ciento malignos De éstos 91,67 por ciento fueron adenocarcinomas, 2,78 por ciento linfomas, 1,85 por ciento tumores carcinoides y 1,85 por ciento leiomiosarcomas. Hubo predominio de los adenocarcinomas, los cuales se subclasificaron como de tipo intestinal diruso. Los adenocarcinomas se presentaron más frecuentemente en la sexta y séptima décadas, predominando en el género masculino. El adenocarcinoma de tipo intestinal prevaleció sobre el difuso, presentándose más frecuentemente en hombres, en la sexta y séptima década, encontrándose una estrecha relación de éste con la gastritis crónica atrófica multifocal

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La resistencia de M. tuberculosis a los fármacos es un problema de salud a nivel mundial. Se han implementado programas de control cuyos objetivo incluyen la detección de casos y un tratamiento acortado y estandarizado. Se revisan los factores de riesgo de presentar fármaco-resistencia al tratamiento contra la tuberculosis y los mecanismos de resistencia, así como la vigilancia epidemiológica, que junto con recomendaciones específicas es fundamental para el éxito de los programas

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