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A new species of Cryptopygus Willem, 1901 associated with hermit crabs living on seashores of Quintana Roo State, Mexico, is described and illustrated. It is blind, with 9-11 postlabial setae, unguis with a pair of lateral teeth, empodial appendix lanceolate and almost as long as unguis, tenaculum with 4 + 4 teeth and 3-4 setae on corpus, manubrium with 11-14 pairs of manubrial setae on anterior surface and 17-18 pairs on posterior surface, and mucro bidentate. An updated key for the identification of 29 American species of Cryptopygus complex is included.

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The soil fauna of the tropics remains one of the least known components of the biosphere. Long-term monitoring of this fauna is hampered by the lack of taxonomic expertise and funding. These obstacles may potentially be lifted with DNA metabarcoding. To validate this approach, we studied the ants, springtails and termites of 100 paired soil samples from Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The fauna was extracted with Berlese-Tullgren funnels and then either sorted with traditional taxonomy and known, individual DNA barcodes ("traditional samples") or processed with metabarcoding ("metabarcoding samples"). We detected 49 ant, 37 springtail and 34 termite species with 3.46 million reads of the COI gene, at a mean sequence length of 233 bp. Traditional identification yielded 80, 111 and 15 species of ants, springtails and termites, respectively; 98%, 37% and 100% of these species had a Barcode Index Number (BIN) allowing for direct comparison with metabarcoding. Ants were best surveyed through traditional methods, termites were better detected by metabarcoding, and springtails were equally well detected by both techniques. Species richness was underestimated, and faunal composition was different in metabarcoding samples, mostly because 37% of ant species were not detected. The prevalence of species in metabarcoding samples increased with their abundance in traditional samples, and seasonal shifts in species prevalence and faunal composition were similar between traditional and metabarcoding samples. Probable false positive and negative species records were reasonably low (13-18% of common species). We conclude that metabarcoding of samples extracted with Berlese-Tullgren funnels appear suitable for the long-term monitoring of termites and springtails in tropical rainforests. For ants, metabarcoding schemes should be complemented by additional samples of alates from Malaise or light traps.

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Spinactaletes boneti mitochondrial genome was assembled and annotated. It has 14,766 bp in length, all 37 genes are present and the gene order is the same as the Pancrustacean ancestral gene order. Phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood placed the species as a sister group of the remaining Entomobryomorpha, not closely related to the Isotomoidea superfamily, contradicting the actual systematics of the group.

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Pachyotoma primamexicana sp. nov, from Popocatépetl, Mexico is described; it is similar to Pachyotoma alpa (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980) and P. muskegis (Guthrier, 1903). It can be distinguished from all other the members of the genus by the small size of PAO (about half the size of closest eye) and the formula (2,3,3) of the slightly capitate tenent hairs. An identification key for Nearctic Pachyotominae and a table with diagnostic morphological characters to the Nearctic species of the genus with integument clearly granulated is given. Three new records of species from Mexico are listed: Pachyotoma crassicauda (Tullberg, 1871), Coloburella octogenaria (Mills & Schmidt, 1957) and Bonetrura boneti (Yosii, 1962). A discussion on the distribution of the subfamily Pachyotominae and some notes on the biogeography of the subfamily are provided.

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A survey of Sminthurides Börner, 1900 with specimens from the Americas was performed and two new species from Mexico are described and illustrated (drawings and SEM photographs), including a detailed study of body chaetotaxy. Sminthurides cihuatlensis sp. nov. is part of the Aquaticus group by the presence of ciliate seta B1 on Ant. II; it has a narrow mucro and lives in soil from the slopes of Iztaccíhuatl volcano. Sminthurides fridakahloae sp. nov. belongs to the Penicillifer group by the presence of Tra-2 on the Ant. II; it has a broad, trilamellate mucro, dens with plurichaetosis, and lives on surface freshwater from Colima and Morelos states. In addition, a key for the species is provided.

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Four new Mexican Parajapyx species are described: P. silvestrii sp. nov. differs from P. adisi Pagés by the presence of one ma macroseta on mesoscutum, metascutum and abdominal scutum I; P. pagesi sp. nov. differs from P. grassianus Silvestri in the arrangement and number of macrosetae on all abdominal scuta; P. brunocondei sp. nov. is characterized by the unique feature of 50 glandular setae on the subcoxal organs and femur with one macroseta; P. yunyanorum sp. nov. differs from P. reymi Pagés by having some reduced macrosetae on the mesoscutum and metascutum and one lp macroseta lacking on abdominal II to VII scuta. A redescription of P. isabellae aztecus Silvestri, 1948 is presented including additional characters not previously reported, such as complete body chaetotaxy and descriptions of leg III, antennae and cercus. An identification key is presented for Mexican species of Parajapyx.

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BACKGROUND: Neotropiella is a genus of springtails which can be of medium size (2 mm) or relatively long (5 mm). These springtails live in leaf litter, under the bark of dead trees or in decomposing wood, mainly in the Neotropical Region and are often collected by litter samples on Berlese funnels or by pitfall traps. Most species have been described, based on relatively few specimens and chaetotaxy of several species is incomplete. NEW INFORMATION: A new species within Neotropiella was discovered in recent pitfall trap collections from Peru. Neotropiella peruana sp. n. was taxonomically treated and studied under both phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. It is similar to N. insularis from Brazil, but smaller with only 4 mandibular teeth (vs. 5) and with well-developed unguis lateral teeth. Intraspecific variation of the new species is provided. We also present the first DNA barcodes for the genus.

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The new genus Borgesminthurinus gen. nov. from Bolivia shares with Sminthurinus the presence of antennal segment IV undivided, antennal segment III with one papilla; sacs of ventral tube smooth; each tenacular rami with 3 teeth and a basal appendix. They also have dens with ventral chaetotaxy reduced and lack mucronal seta; but new genus clearly differs in having thick and barbulate setae on head and body, lacking neosminthuroid setae on abdomen and the presence of seta a0 on Abd. VI acuminate. The new genus differs from Katianna which has divided antennal segment IV, vertex of head with spine-like setae and setae of the body long and smooth.

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A new species of Furculanurida is described and illustrated. Furculanurida bistribus sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus by the presence of three eyes, three setae on the dens, and the white and purple coloration pattern. A key for identification of the world species of the genus is included.

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Introducción: Los colémbolos epiedáficos participan en una amplia variedad de servicios ecosistémicos relacionados con la disponibilidad de nutrientes para las plantas, el almacenamiento y la regulación del agua, la estabilidad del suelo y el control de la humedad y el pH necesarios para la fertilidad de los suelos. Por esta razón, los colémbolos epiedáficos se consideran como organismos sensibles a los cambios generados en el uso del suelo. Objetivo: Comparar la fauna epiedáfica de dos tipos de vegetación introducida: pastos y plantaciones de Eucalyptus pellita en una región de los Llanos Orientales de Colombia. Métodos: La recolección de los colémbolos se realizó en áreas con cobertura de pastos introducidos y áreas forestadas de diferentes edades, con trampas pitfall que contenían Propilenglicol al 40 % como preservante; durante la época seca y la época húmeda. Se comparó la riqueza efectiva de géneros y se explicó su composición en función de 14 variables ambientales y dasométricas mediante un análisis de redundancia (RDA). Resultados: La colembofauna estuvo compuesta por Entomobryomorpha (62 %), Poduromorpha (17 %) y Symphypleona (21.1 %) representados en 12 familias y 26 géneros. La riqueza efectiva de géneros fue significativamente mayor en los pastos que en las plantaciones de E. pellita, pero la abundancia no disminuye significativamente, con excepción de las plantaciones jóvenes durante la época seca. El ensamblaje de colémbolos observados en el área se relacionó principalmente con el desarrollo de cobertura forestal, la disponibilidad de materia orgánica alrededor de la trampa y el contenido de Nitrógeno en el suelo. Conclusiones: Las áreas forestadas permitieron un ensamblaje de colémbolos, menos diverso que las pasturas, pero compuesto tanto por especies adaptadas a áreas abiertas, como de las áreas naturales boscosas circundantes.

Introduction: Epiedaphic springtails participate in a wide variety of services linked to plant nutrient availability, water storage and regulation, soil stability and control of moisture and pH necessary for soil fertility. Therefore, epiedaphic springtails are sensitive to soil use change. Objective: To compare diversity of epiedaphic springtails in two types of introduced vegetation: pastures and forestations of Eucalyptus pellita in a region of the Colombian eastern plans. Methods: Springtails were collected from introduced pastures and young, middle and mature forested areas of E. pellita, using pitfall traps containing Propylene Glycol (40 %) as preservative, during one dry and one wet season. Alfa and Beta diversity were compared at genus level, and community composition was explained using a set of 14 environmental variables through a redundancy analysis (RDA). Results: Epiedaphic springtails were represented by Entomobryomorpha (62 %), Poduromorpha (17 %) and Symphypleona (21.1 %), 12 families and 26 genera. Effective number of Collembola genera was lower in plantations but abundance was different only in young plantations during dry season. The variables related to forest coverage, soil organic matter coverage and Nitrogen better explained the observed genera assemblage. Conclusions: Forest plantations allowed an assembly of springtails less diverse than in pastures; but comprised both types of genera, those proper of open areas and those from surrounding natural wooded areas.

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A new species of Pergalumna from soil and litter was reared in laboratory and a description of adult and juveniles is provided. Adults are characterized by having bands of striae in the posterior part of notogaster, the interlamellar seta are longer than all other prodorsal setae and the lenticular area covers most of the prodorsum. It differs from Pergalumna boliviana by having long interlamellar seta, bigger ellipsoidal porose area Aa and the presence of A2; it differs from Pergalumna paraboliviana by the shape of porose areas; i.e. Aa being ellipsoidal and big, A1 is the smallest, Ap is absent and there are longitudinal striate bands on the prodorsum and ventral plate.

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A new genus of springtail, Sernatropiella gen. nov., from Cundinamarca province, Colombia, was found at an altitude close to 3.000 m above sea level. It is the largest Neanuridae known in the Northern part of the South American Transition Zone. It is characterized by the presence of a strong hypertrichosis, five eyes per side, very small moruliform postantennal organ and a long buccal beak. Mouth parts very thin and slender. Body with paratergal areas different from other Pseudachorutinae of the region. Thorax and abdominal segments I and II with pre- and post-segmental tergites with setae, and most remarkable is the presence of pseudocelli on head, thorax and abdomen of the type species Sernatropiella pinzonae gen. et sp. nov. A new combination for Neotropiella malkini Arlé, 1981 as Sernatropiella malkini (Arlé, 1981) comb. nov. is given and is considered as a member of the new genus.

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Willemia panamaensis sp. nov. from Panama is described and illustrated. It is characterised by the presence of sensilla I (S2) and i1 (S9) on antennal segment IV, nine vesicles in the postantennal organ, and having dorsal setae and sensilla on abdominal segments V and VI twice as long than on segments I and II. A dichotomous key to species recorded from the Americas is provided. Reference is given to the DNA barcoding sequences of the new species.

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A taxonomic list of recorded Symphypleona from Mexico is presented. Data also includes a nomenclatorial update, distribution per political entity and habitat preferences. It is indicated that 28 genera and 73 species are currently distributed in 23 of the 32 states of Mexico. Quintana Roo represents the most diverse state (27 species) followed by Jalisco and Hidalgo (20 spp.). Reviews consulted indicate that eleven endemic species have been recorded so far from Mexico. According to the literature, one-third of the collected specimens across Mexico from leaf litter have yielded Symphypleona. The three most diverse genera recorded are, Sminthurides with 9 species, Sminthurinus and Sminthurus with 7 species each.

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A new species of Cosberella is described and illustrated from a temperate forest of Citlaltépetl formation, Veracruz State. It is characterized by the following combination of characters: Th I with 2 + 2 dorsal setae; 2 + 2 axial setae on Th II-III; two capitate tenent hairs on each leg; unguiculus half the length of unguis; unguis with tooth; six dental setae and Abd VI without anal spines. A key for the species of the genus is included.

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A new diagnosis of Denisiella is provided, based on the revision of most descriptions, including three new species from Brazil. New Brazilian taxa share the presence of 6 + 6 eyes, 4 + 4 serrate spine-like on tibiotarsi III and the polycarinate setae on tibiotarsi II but differ from each other by the shape and size of the sensilla of the tibiotarsi I. Denisiella rhizophorae sp. nov. has the combination of sensilla on tibiotarsi I of rhagidial type and C2 blunt on antennal segment III. Only D. betschi sp. nov. has barbulate spines on head and D. caatingae sp. nov. is the only which males present nasal organ. They are illustrated with drawings and scanning electron microscope photographs. Three different shapes of sensilla in the tibiotarsi I were observed and were compared with other species.

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Neelus fimbriatus is redescribed using specimens from Colombia. Drawings and phase contrast microscope photos of the species are used. New characters are used as tibiotarsal tuberculate setae and abdominal ventral acetabula.

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Three new species of oribatid mites of the genus Pergalumna from a tropical rain forest in Veracruz, Mexico are described. Pergalumna hypergranulosa sp. nov. differs from Pergalumna granulatus Balogh & Mahunka, 1967 by unilaterally barbulated bothridial setae, elongated notogastric porose areas, and also a more profuse granulation of the cerotegument. Pergalumna obsidiana sp. nov. differs from P. granulatus by the unilateral barbulation of bothridial setae and the presence of protuberances on the genital plates; from Pergalumna paralongisetosa Ermilov & Kalúz, 2012 by a diverging cerotegumental granulation on the notogaster. Pergalumna dactylaris sp. nov. differs from Pergalumna striata (Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio, 1980) by its bigger size and the presence of three notogastric porose areas instead of four and from Pergalumna decorata Balogh & Mahunka, 1977, also by the bigger size, a different position of setae lm and la and smaller but not minute interlamellar setae. These are the first Mexican species descriptions of this genus.

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The new genus Spinaethorax, whose proposal is based on specimens of Megalothorax spinotricosus Palacios-Vargas & Sánchez, 1999, is given a new name combination and a redescription. The type species comes from two caves in Campeche State, México. A new combination is also suggested for Megalothorax tonoius Palacios-Vargas & Sánchez, 1999. The new genus is similar to Megalothorax Willem, 1900 and Neelus Folsom, 1896, but it clearly differs from all genera within family Neelidae by a peculiar combination of characters and the presence of some new features, e.g. globular sensillum on Ant. III, sword-like macrosetae on oral fold. A comparative table and an identification key for all Neelidae genera as well as some summary tables of antennae chaetotaxy and legs setation for type species are provided.

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Sminthuridae comprises approximately 240 species distributed worldwide. In Brazil it is represented only by 11 species and four genera. Herein we describe a new genus and species of subfamily Sminthurinae from Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Norte State, Northeastern Brazil. The new described genus is similar to Gisinurus, Songhaica, Dietersminthurus and Soqotrasminthurus, especially in its unguis shape, with open cavity; but differs from all other genera of Sminthuridae by the presence of a single pretarsal chaeta in anterior side, smooth mucronal edges and a unique head chaetotaxy.

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