RESUMEN
Numerous genetic studies have been conducted regarding the occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the prognosis using microarrays. However, adequate investigations into the diagnostic application of microarrays have yet to be performed. The simplicity and accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis tracking are important requirements for its processes, and the use of blood cells for diagnosis is considered to be suitable to meet these requirements. The patients involved in the study were 28 preoperative patients with CRC and 6 healthy individuals who served as controls. RNA was extracted from the blood cells of the patients and analyzed using a sense/antisense RNA custom microarray. In the patients with CRC, the expression levels of 20 sense RNA and 20 antisense RNA species were identified as being significantly altered compared with that of the healthy volunteers (P<0.05; fold-change, >2.0). Cluster analysis of these RNA species revealed that the top 10 antisense RNAs significantly clustered patients with cancer and healthy individuals separately. Patients with stage I or II CRC exhibited significant changes in the expression levels of 33 sense and 39 antisense RNA species, as compared with healthy volunteers (P<0.01; fold-change >2.0). Cluster analysis demonstrated that patients with stage I or II CRC and healthy volunteers formed separate clusters only among the top 20 antisense RNA species. A tracking study of expression levels of haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing 1 (HDHD1) antisense RNA was performed and a significant difference was identified between the CRC and healthy groups revealing that the levels at one week and three months following surgical removal of the cancerous tissue, decreased to almost same levels of the healthy individuals. The results of the current study indicate that HDHD1 antisense RNA may serve as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of CRC.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) leads to activation of Kupffer cells (KCs). The activated KCs cause platelet and leukocyte adhesion to the sinusoidal endothelium. Previously, we reported that platelet-endothelium interactions occur earlier than leukocyte responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between platelets and KCs in the hepatic microcirculation after I/R. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: the no-ischemia group (control group; n = 6); the 20-min ischemia group (I/R group; n = 6); and the 20-min ischemia + anti-rat platelet serum group (APS group; n = 6). KCs were labeled using the liposome entrapment method. The number of adherent platelets was observed for up to 120 min after reperfusion by intravital microscopy. To investigate the effects of platelets on I/R injury, rats were injected intravenously with rabbit APS for platelet depletion. RESULTS: In the I/R group, the number of adherent platelets increased significantly after I/R. More than 50% of the adherent platelets adhered to KCs. Electron microscopy indicated that the platelets attached to the KCs after hepatic ischemia. The histologic findings indicated liver damage and apoptosis of hepatocytes in zone 1. In the I/R group, but not in the control and APS groups, serum ALT increased immediately after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: We succeeded in visualizing the dynamics of both KCs and platelets in the hepatic sinusoids. Liver ischemia induced the adhesion of platelets to KCs in the early period, which could play a key role in reperfusion injury of the liver.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/citología , Comunicación Celular/fisiología , Macrófagos del Hígado/citología , Hepatopatías/patología , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Células Acinares/citología , Células Acinares/fisiología , Células Acinares/ultraestructura , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Apoptosis/fisiología , Plaquetas/fisiología , Plaquetas/ultraestructura , Macrófagos del Hígado/fisiología , Macrófagos del Hígado/ultraestructura , Liposomas/metabolismo , Hepatopatías/fisiopatología , Masculino , Microcirculación/fisiología , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Adhesividad Plaquetaria/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Recent studies have demonstrated that natural antisense transcripts, which are complementary sequences to messenger RNA, have important cellular functions such as the stabilization and silencing of mRNA. However, the possible contribution of antisense transcripts in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development has not been described. Therefore, we simultaneously investigated the sense and antisense transcripts of HCC and non-cancerous tissues to explore the possible contribution of antisense transcripts to HCC progression. RNA was prepared from 15 HCV-associated HCCs and from 6 corresponding non-cancerous tissues and was subjected to expression profile analysis of sense and antisense transcripts using a human custom microarray. Differential expression of 161 sense and 25 antisense transcripts was observed with more than 2-fold between HCC and non-cancerous tissue (p<0.001). The expression of the sense and antisense transcripts was used to cluster cancer and non-cancerous tissues, and the cancer and non-cancerous tissues were found to be clearly separated into different clusters. Additionally, the sense and antisense expression profiles were analyzed with regard to HCC differentiation (p<0.001), resulting in 71 sense and 43 antisense transcripts. These unique transcripts did not overlap with those found in the discrimination of HCC from non-cancerous tissues. When the HCC tissues were clustered by transcript expression, the antisense transcripts resulted in clustering of HCC that was consistent with grouping based on histology. These findings strongly indicate that the antisense transcripts together with the sense transcripts are involved in liver tumorigenesis.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Hepatitis C/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética , Anciano , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virología , Análisis por Conglomerados , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Análisis de Componente Principal , ARN sin Sentido/genética , ARN sin Sentido/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Platelets provide many functions in the body, especially to the liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of thrombocytosis with acute hepatitis induced by anti-Fas antibody and its mechanism. METHODS: Acute hepatitis was induced by administration of anti-Fas antibody in normal and thrombocytotic C57BL6J mice. For thrombocytosis, thrombopoietin; PEG-rHuMGDF was injected 5 days before and just prior to administration of anti-Fas antibody. To investigate the mechanisms, hepatocyte cell line (AML12) and sinusoidal endothelial cell line (M1) were induced apoptosis by staurosporine. They were cultured with platelets or thrombopoietin. Examination items were as follows: platelet number, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), histological findings, TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin Nick End Labeling) staining, and the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: Platelets were significantly increased in the thrombocytotic group (P < 0.01). Serum ALT levels were significantly reduced by thrombocytosis at 6, 24 and 72 h after the administration (P < 0.05). In histological findings, hemorrhagic necrosis was observed in the normal group, but not observed in the thrombocytotic group. TUNEL-positive hepatocytes were reduced and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was significantly decreased in the thrombocytotic group. The phosphorylation of Akt, the increment of Bcl-xL and the decrease of cleaved caspase-3 were observed in AML12 cells cultured with platelets, but were not observed cultured with thrombopoietin. Platelets and thrombopoietin had no anti-apoptotic effect on M1 cells. CONCLUSION: Increase of platelets has a preventative effect against acute hepatitis induced by the anti-Fas antibody. It is suggested that platelets have a direct protective effect against apoptosis of hepatocytes.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos , Hepatitis/prevención & control , Trombocitopenia/sangre , Trombocitosis/sangre , Trombopoyesis , Receptor fas/inmunología , Enfermedad Aguda , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/patología , Hepatitis/sangre , Hepatitis/inmunología , Hepatitis/patología , Hepatocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Hepatocitos/patología , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Necrosis , Recuento de Plaquetas , Polietilenglicoles , Proteínas Recombinantes , Estaurosporina/farmacología , Trombocitopenia/inducido químicamente , Trombocitopenia/patología , Trombocitosis/inducido químicamente , Trombocitosis/patología , Trombopoyetina , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) constitute a class of non-coding RNAs that have emerged as important regulators of gene expression. However, involvement of NATs in colorectal cancer (CRC) development has not been reported to date. In the present study, the up- and down-regulation of NATs were investigated in human CRC for their possible involvement in CRC development. Total RNAs isolated from 51 CRC tissues, 9 corresponding non-cancerous tissues and 19 liver metastatic tissues from surgically resected samples were subjected to expression analysis using a custom-microarray containing human sense/antisense probes for ca. 21,000 genes. Comparing CRC tissues with non-cancerous tissues, we identified 415 NATs differentially expressed in CRC and non-cancerous tissues to a significant degree (p<0.001, fold change >4.0 or ≤4.0). When a hierarchical clustering was performed on CRC and non-cancerous samples using these 415 NATs, the samples were separately clustered. Principal component analysis with the same NATs showed clear separation of CRC and non-cancerous samples using the first two principal components (PC1, 80%; PC2, 10%). To validate the expression results obtained from the microarray, the expressions of the 3 selected NATs were examined by strand-specific RT-qPCR, revealing that these expression profiles were consistent with those obtained from microarray analysis. In addition, the NAT expression patterns were found to be different between primary tumors with liver metastasis and those without liver metastasis. In conclusion, these findings taken together indicated that NATs identified in the present study would be involved in CRC development as well as possibly in its metastasis.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , ARN sin Sentido/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma/patología , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Masculino , Análisis por Micromatrices , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , ARN sin Sentido/genética , ARN no Traducido/genética , ARN no Traducido/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Platelets develop tissue repair and promote liver regeneration. We investigated whether platelets prevented acute liver damage after extended hepatectomy in pigs. METHODS: Thrombocytosis was induced by the following two methods; afterwards 80% hepatectomy was performed in pigs. In the first method, the pigs received administration of thrombopoietin [TPO (+) group], and they were compared with a control group [TPO (-) group]. In the second method, the pigs received a splenectomy [Sp (+) group], and theywere compared with another control group [Sp (-) group]. Platelet counts, biochemical examination of blood, and histopathological findings of the residual liver were examined. RESULTS: Serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (T-Bil) levels were significantly decreased in the thrombocytotic groups compared with the control groups in the early period after hepatectomy. In the histopathological findings, hemorrhagic necrosis with a bile plug was observed in the control groups, but this phenomenon was not observed in the thrombocytotic groups. On transmission electron microscopy, the sinusoidal endothelial lining was destroyed and detached into the sinusoidal space with enlargement of Disse's spaces in the thrombocytotic groups, but these findings were not observed in the control groups. CONCLUSION: An increased number of platelets prevents acute liver damage after extended hepatectomy.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/prevención & control , Plaquetas/fisiología , Hepatectomía/efectos adversos , Trombocitosis/sangre , Trombopoyetina/uso terapéutico , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/sangre , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/etiología , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Bilirrubina/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Recuento de Plaquetas , Esplenectomía/métodos , Porcinos , Porcinos Enanos , Trombopoyetina/administración & dosificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: We previously reported that platelets promote hepatocyte proliferation. In this study, we focused on the role of platelets in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in addition to their role in hepatocyte in liver regeneration. METHODS: Immortalized human LSECs (TMNK-1) were used. The LSECs were co-cultured with human platelets, and the proliferation of LSECs and the excretion of growth factors and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were subsequently measured. The main factor from platelets which induced the excretion of IL-6 from LSECs was determined using inhibitors of each component contained in the platelets. The need for direct contact between platelets and LSECs was investigated using cell culture inserts. The proliferation of human primary hepatocytes was measured after the addition of the supernatant of LSECs cultured with or without platelets. RESULTS: The number of LSECs cocultured with platelets significantly increased. Excretion of IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased in LSECs with platelets. JTE-013, a specific antagonist for sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) 2 receptors, inhibited the excretion of IL-6 from LSECs after the addition of platelets. When the platelets and LSECs were separated by the cell culture insert, the excretion of IL-6 from LSECs was decreased. DNA synthesis was significantly increased in human primary hepatocytes cultured with the supernatant of LSECs with platelets. CONCLUSIONS: Platelets promote LSEC proliferation and induce IL-6 and VEGF production. Direct contact between the platelets and LSECs and S1P, that are contained in platelets, were involved in the excretion of IL-6 from LSECs. IL-6 from LSECs induced proliferation of parenchymal hepatocytes.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/fisiología , Células Endoteliales/fisiología , Hepatocitos/fisiología , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Hígado/citología , Regeneración Hepática/fisiología , Masculino , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/sangreRESUMEN
Liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the most serious complications of hepatic surgery. In I/R, activated Kupffer cells cause platelet adhesion to sinusoidal endothelium as well as neutrophils and cause liver dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate platelet dynamics in the hepatic microcirculation after I/R by intravital microscopy (IVM) and to clarify the relationship between platelet adhesion and neutrophil activation. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into two groups: the control (administration of saline) group and the sivelestat group in which neutrophil activation was suppressed by sivelestat before I/R. The number of adherent platelets in sinusoid was observed up to 120 minutes after I/R by IVM. Samples of liver tissue and blood were taken for examination of histological findings, liver enzymes and inflammatory cytokines. The number of adherent platelets was significantly increased after I/R in both groups. Compared with the control group, the number of adherent platelets significantly decreased after hepatic I/R in the sivelestat group. Moreover, sivelestat improved changes of histological findings and elevation of liver enzymes. However, there was no significant difference in inflammatory cytokines of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta or IL-6. Platelet adhesion in the sinusoid is associated with liver dysfunction after I/R as well as neutrophils. Activated neutrophils induce platelet adhesion in the sinusoid of the liver.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/metabolismo , Circulación Hepática/fisiología , Hígado , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Adhesividad Plaquetaria/fisiología , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Animales , Citocinas/sangre , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/farmacología , Glicina/uso terapéutico , Hígado/anatomía & histología , Hígado/patología , Hepatopatías/sangre , Hepatopatías/patología , Masculino , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Adhesividad Plaquetaria/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/sangre , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Serina Proteinasa/farmacología , Inhibidores de Serina Proteinasa/uso terapéutico , Sulfonamidas/farmacología , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
We report on a 34-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a pedunculated ileal tumor and who was finally diagnosed as having a right ovarian mature cystic teratoma penetrating and protruding into the ileum. She had undergone laparoscopic left ovarian cystectomy, whose specimen was diagnosed as dermoid cyst when she was 27 years old. The colon fiberscope revealed an ileal polyp, diagnosed as mature teratoma. Because of adhesion to the necrotic nodule between the tumor and the right ovary, ileocecal resection and right ovarian cystectomy were performed. The ileal tumor contained tissues of skin, neuroglia, ganglion, choroid, retina, smooth muscle, as well as fibrous and adipose tissues, cartilage, bone, mucous epithelium, and bronchial structures with bronchial glands. The necrotic nodule showed abscess, granulation tissue, foreign body reaction, hairs, normal ileal epithelium, and the ovary with ovums.