RESUMEN
Six healthy, female, mixed-breed 18-24-month-old sheep weighing 30-48â kg were submitted to lumbosacral epidural bupivacaine in combination with either methadone or fentanyl. Epidural catheters were placed in six sheep that were given three treatments: (Bup) bupivacaine (0.5â mg/kg) alone; (BupMet) bupivacaine (0.25â mg/kg) plus methadone (0.3â mg/kg); and (BupFent) bupivacaine (0.25â mg/kg) plus fentanyl (0.002â mg/kg). Haemodynamic variables, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, analgesia by applying a standard painful stimulus, motor block and sedative scores were compared among the three treatments. These parameters were determined before epidural administration and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120â minutes after treatment administration, and then every 60â minutes thereafter until the end of analgesic effect. Parametrical data were analysed by proc glimmix (SAS) for repeated measures on time and means tested by ls-means. Non-parametrical data were analysed by Fisher's exact test. Duration of analgesia was longer with BupMet (240â minutes) compared with BupFent (180â minutes; P=0.0127), but BupMet was similar to Bup (240â minutes). Both treatments with opioids produced moderate motor blockade. BupMet and BupFent produced mild sedation. Only treatment with bupivacaine alone induced cardiovascular and respiratory rate changes that stayed within acceptable limits.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Anestésicos/administración & dosificación , Analgesia Epidural/veterinaria , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Bupivacaína/administración & dosificación , Fentanilo/administración & dosificación , Metadona/administración & dosificación , Analgesia Epidural/métodos , Animales , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Región Lumbosacra , Ovinos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of bupivacaine and methadone administered epidurally in sheep. METHODS: Six healthy female mixed-breed sheep weighing 35-46 kg and aged 12-18 months were included. Each sheep was assigned to receive three treatments: 0.5 mg/kg 0.25% bupivacaine (BP), 0.3 mg/kg 1% methadone (MT) or 0.25 mg/kg bupivacaine and 0.15 mg/kg methadone (BPMT). All drugs were injected into the lumbosacral space through an epidural catheter. Each animal received each treatment at random. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean), respiratory rate, rectal temperature, analgesia, sedation and motor block were determined before treatment and at predetermined intervals. RESULTS: The duration of analgesia was 240, 220, and 180 min for BP, MT and BPMT, respectively (P < 0.05). Motor block for all agents was mild to moderate. None or the treatments significantly altered the heart rate, blood pressure or respiratory rate. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that lumbosacral epidural administration of bupivacaine, methadone or a combination of the two drugs can provide perioperative analgesia in sheep as part of their management for surgical procedures in the flank and hindlimbs.
Asunto(s)
Analgesia Epidural/veterinaria , Bupivacaína , Metadona , Ovinos , Analgesia Epidural/métodos , Animales , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Temperatura Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Bupivacaína/administración & dosificación , Sedación Consciente/métodos , Sedación Consciente/veterinaria , Quimioterapia Combinada/veterinaria , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Metadona/administración & dosificación , Frecuencia Respiratoria/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Short duration of analgesia is among the limitations of a single epidural injection with lidocaine in horses. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of epidural lidocaine in combination with either tramadol or neostigmine for perineal analgesia in horses. METHODS: Epidural catheters were placed in 6 saddle horses that then were given 3 treatments: 2% lidocaine (0.2 mg/kg bwt) alone, 2% lidocaine (0.2 mg/kg bwt) plus tramadol (0.5 mg/kg bwt), and 2% lidocaine (0.2 mg/kg bwt) plus neostigmine (1.0 µg/kg bwt). The order of treatments was randomised. Haemodynamic variables, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, analgesia, motor block and behaviour scores were compared among the 3 treatments. These parameters were determined before drug administration (baseline), at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min, and every 30 min thereafter until loss of analgesia. RESULTS: Duration of analgesia was longer with lidocaine plus tramadol (210 ± 12 min) compared with lidocaine plus neostigmine (150 ± 35 min) or lidocaine alone (70 ± 12 min; P<0.05). All treatments produced mild or moderate motor block without behavioural changes. Other adverse effects were not observed in any of the horses. CONCLUSION AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Further studies are required to demonstrate whether tramadol or neostigmine have a role in the management of post operative pain when coadministered with lidocaine.