RESUMEN
A Gram-positive, anaerobic, moderate thermophile, strain Wv6T, capable of reducing indigo dye, was isolated from a fermenting woad vat prepared essentially as in medieval Europe. Strain Wv6T formed rod-shaped cells, which occurred singly, in pairs or in chains and produced terminal oval endospores. Strain Wv6T was saccharolytic. Growth occurred at pH 5.9-9.9 (initial pH) with an optimum at 50 degrees C of pH 7.2 +/- 0.2 (constant pH). At pH 7.8, the temperature range for growth was 30-55 degrees C with the optimum at 49-52 degrees C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the bacterium represents a hitherto unknown subline within rRNA cluster I Clostridium. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic criteria, it is proposed that the unknown moderate thermophile should be classified as Clostridium isatidis sp. nov., a new species of the genus Clostridium. The type strain of Clostridium isatidis is strain Wv6T (= NCFB 3071T).
Asunto(s)
Clostridium/clasificación , Clostridium/aislamiento & purificación , Colorantes/metabolismo , Indoles/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Clostridium/citología , Clostridium/genética , Clostridium/fisiología , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Genes de ARNr , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Carmin de Índigo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oxidación-Reducción , Filogenia , Hojas de la Planta/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Members of the marigold genus of flowering plants (the genus Tagetes), which synthesize and accumulate thiophene compounds in their roots, were investigated as potential sources of bacteria able to degrade substituted thiophenes. Batch and continuous enrichment cultures inoculated with compost from root balls of Tagetes patula and Tagetes erecta reproducibly produced the same predominant type of bacterium when they were supplied with thiophene-2-carboxylate (T2C) or thiophene-2-acetate (T2A) as a carbon and energy substrate. This organism was a yellow-pigmented, neutrophilic, mesophilic, gram-negative, pleomorphic, rodshaped bacterium, which we classify as a new species of the genus Xanthobacter, Xanthobacter tagetidis; strain TagT2C (= DSM 11105) is the type strain. Strain TagT2CT (T = type strain) grew on simple thiophenes, such as T2C, thiophene-3-carboxylate, and T2A, on analogs of these compounds (pyrrole-2-carboxylate and furan-2-carboxylate), and on the condensed thiophene dibenzothiophene. X. tagetidis was facultatively autotrophic, fixing carbon dioxide by means of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, and was able to grow on hydrogen, thiosulfate, or sulfide as an energy substrate. It also grew on a wide range of other heterotrophic, chemolithotrophic, and methylotrophic substrates. Its growth on T2C was optimal at 28 to 31 degrees C and pH 7.6 to 7.8, and the maximum growth rate in batch culture was 0.22 h-1. The DNA base composition of X.tagetidis is 68 mol% G + C. A 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis of strain TagT2CT showed that this organism represents a distinct lineage within the Aquabacter-Azorhizobium-Xanthobacter cluster of the alpha-2 subclass of the Pro-teobacteria. Discrimination of X. tagetidis from the other genera in this group and from other Xanthobacter species is discussed.