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New methods in taxonomy and systematics can influence the overall practice of formally naming and describing biodiversity. DNA barcoding has been controversial since its emergence, but now, large scale species descriptions exclusively based on barcodes have created what can be called a 'new quality of performance. Its limitations are discussed from different perspectives: nomenclature, general pragmatism, and problems of DNA-based species delimitation in the light of the central aim of achieving a robust and stable nomenclature of organisms, essential for all applications of biodiversity research. This issue needs to be addressed to prevent restraining the progress of taxonomy and its ability to contribute to modern science.

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RESUMEN

In the framework of the taxonomic revision of South American Sericini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), we examined the type specimens of the species described by Burmeister (1855) in the genus Astaena Erichson, 1847. A few taxa resulted to not belong to the South American Sericini fauna, either due to different geographical provenience or due to incorrect systematical placement within Sericini. Two new combinations and one new synonymy are proposed: Neoserica pubescens (Burmeister, 1855), new combination (= Neoserica subsetosa Ahrens Fabrizi, 2016: 121, new synonymy) and Manonychus robustus (Burmeister, 1855), new combination.

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Maladera Mulsant Rey, 1871 occurs in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and comprises already more than 300 species only in the Palaearctic alone (Ahrens Bezdek 2016). In the past years the species of eastern West Palaearctic including Iran has been exhaustively explored and many new taxa were added (e.g. Ahrens 2000a,b, 2006; Ahrens et al. 2016; Fabrizi et al. 2018; Keith Ahrens 2002; Keith 2005, 2010; Sabatinelli 1977; Sehnal 2008; Sehnal Simandl 2008; Montreuil Keith 2009; Montreuil 2016). While new collecting activities focused principally on the Iranian fauna (Nikodyìm Král 1998; Keith Ahrens 2002; Keith 2005, 2010; Montreuil Keith 2009; Montreuil 2016), from where practically no records before the 1980s were available, no recent data were published on Maladera species of Europe and Minor Asia since the last taxonomic revision of the West Palaearctic species of the genus (Petrovitz 1969).

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Phanaeini comprises about 160 species in 12 genera restricted to the Americas. Since the diversity of this tribe remains little known in several regions of Brazil, this study presents a guide to its 13 species with presence in the biologically rich and largely unexplored state of Roraima: Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) abas (MacLeay, 1819), C. (C.) dardanus (MacLeay, 1819), C. (C.) gameziArnaud, 2002, C. (C.) jasius (Olivier, 1789), C. (Megaphanaeus) lancifer (Linnaeus, 1767), Oxysternon (Oxysternon) conspicillatum conspicillatum Werber, 1801, O. (O.) durantoniArnaud, 1984, O. (O.) ebeninum (Nevinson, 1890), O. (O.) festivum viridanum (Olsoufieff, 1924), O. (O.) silenus chicheryiArnaud, 2001, Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) bispinusBates, 1868, P. (N.) bordoniArnaud, 1996 (first record from Brazil), and Sulcophanaeus faunus (Fabricius, 1775). The species of Dendropaemon were not considered herein because the genus is presently under taxonomic revision.

Phanaeini abrange cerca de 160 espécies pertencentes a 12 gêneros restritos ès Américas. Como a diversidade desta tribo permanece pouco conhecida em diversas regiões do Brasil, este estudo apresenta um guia de identificação das 13 espécies com registro de ocorrência no estado biologicamente rico e amplamente inexplorado de Roraima: Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) abas (MacLeay, 1819), C. (C.) dardanus (MacLeay, 1819), C. (C.) gameziArnaud, 2002, C. (C.) jasius (Olivier, 1789), C. (Megaphanaeus) lancifer (Linnaeus, 1767), Oxysternon (Oxysternon) conspicillatum conspicillatum Werber, 1801, O. (O.) durantoniArnaud, 1984, O. (O.) ebeninum (Nevinson, 1890), O. (O.) festivum viridanum (Olsoufieff, 1924), O. (O.) silenus chicheryiArnaud, 2001, Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) bispinusBates, 1868, P. (N.) bordoniArnaud, 1996 (que aqui é reportado pela primeira vez no Brasil), e Sulcophanaeus faunus (Fabricius, 1775). As espécies do gênero Dendropaemon não foram incluídas no trabalho por estarem em processo de revisão taxonômica.