RESUMEN
There is a strong belief that physical education can affect an individual's physical activity, healthy habits, and behaviors through pleasant, positive, and significant exercise experiences, a practical knowledge base, and comprehensive teaching strategies. However, a crucial cognitive aspect for the effective and significant learning of the activities offered in the educational environment is the concentration of students. This study aims to test a hypothetical model based on self-determination theory to assess the degree of support prediction provided by the teacher for student autonomy in the various types of motivation and on student concentration in physical education classes in high schools within the Mexican context and test invariance across gender groups. This study included 859 students between 11 and 16 years from different high schools in the city of San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León (México). The Learning Climate Questionnaire, the Perceived Locus of Causality, and the Concentration scale adapted to physical education and translated into Mexican Spanish were used. Results showed good internal consistency for all instruments. Both the measurement model and the structural equation modeling showed satisfactory adjustment indexes. The results revealed that the autonomy support positively predicted autonomous motivation, controlled motivation to a lesser extent, and amotivation negatively. Furthermore, the students' concentration was highly and positively predicted by autonomous motivation, by controlled motivation to a lesser extent, and by amotivation negatively. The model predicted 39% of variance of autonomous motivation with large effect size (ƒ2 = 0.64), 2% of controlled motivation with small effect size (ƒ2 = 0.02), 8% of amotivation with small effect size (ƒ2 = 0.09), and 49% of concentration with large effect size (ƒ2 = 0.96). Finally, the invariance analysis revealed that the model fit was invariant across gender groups. The results of this study emphasize how important it is for teachers to adopt an interpersonal style of autonomy support to generate a motivational climate that influences the concentration of students. This could contribute to the achievement of the purposes and educational objectives of the physical education class, which, in turn, might be conducive to students adopting healthy lifestyles in adolescence and beyond.
RESUMEN
A presente dissertação de mestrado abordou a qualidade de vida, a percepção de suporte social e o consumo de medicamentos em idosas participantes de um programa da Universidade para a Terceira Idade, no município de São Caetano do Sul - São Paulo - Brasil. O estudo objetivou descrever uma possível relação entre o perfil sociodemografico da amostra, a percepção subjetiva da qualidade de vida, a percepção subjetiva de suporte social, e o consumo de medicamentos, submetendo a testes estatísticos, um conjunto de possíveis relações entre as características sociodemográficas, percepção de qualidade de vida, percepção de suporte social e consumo de medicamentos. Utilizou-se o método descritivo exploratório, de corte transversal, e de caráter quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de agosto a outubro de 2014, através de uma amostra de conveniência, formada por 150 mulheres, com idade média de 66,13 anos. Foram utilizados instrumentos autoaplicáveis: WHOQOL-OLD e WHOQOL-BREF (Word Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument); Escala de Percepção de Suporte Social (EPSS); um questionário sobre a utilização de medicamentos de uso geral, e um questionário contendo os dados sociodemográficos. Dos resultados, 59,3% da amostra concluiu o ensino fundamental, 49,3% é casada, 79,3% não exerce atividade remunerada, e 78,7% não exerce atividades voluntárias. Apresentou boa percepção de Qualidade de Vida Global (82,90%), sendo o domínio com menor valor médio o Funcionamento do Sensório (12,56%), e maior escore médio no domínio Autonomia (14,66%). Sente segurança ao recorrer à rede de suporte social prático (53,08%), e insegurança ao recorrer à sua rede de apoio social emocional (28,88%). (AU)
This masters thesis addressed the quality of life, perceived social support and the use of medications in elderly women attending a University Program for Senior Citizens in São Caetano do Sul city - São Paulo - Brazil. The study aimed to identify and describe the possible relationships between the variables studied. It used the exploratory descriptive method of cross-sectional and quantitative character. Data were collected between August and October 2014, through a convenience sample composed of 150 women with a mean age of 66.13 years. Self-report instruments were used: WHOQOL-OLD and WHOQOL-BREF (Word Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument), proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), applied by a single interviewer, and are used to identify the quality of global life and their domains; Perceived Social Support Scale (EPSS), which evaluated the perception of social support in their emotional and practical dimensions; a questionnaire on the use of commonly used drugs, and a questionnaire containing sociodemographic data, which helped in the characterization of the sample profile and statistical analysis. From the results, 59.3pc of the sample completed elementary school, 49.3pc are married, 79.3pc does not exercise remunerated activity, and 78.7pc does not exercise volunteer activities. Global showed good perception of Quality of Life (82.90pc) and the domain with the lowest average value Sensory operation (12.56pc), and higher average score on Autonomy domain (14.66pc). Feel safe to resort to practical social support network (53.08pc), and insecurity to use its network of emotional social support (28.88%). (AU)
RESUMEN
O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a possível associação entre o risco nutricional de indivíduos infectados pelo HIV/AIDS com o tempo e desfecho da internação. Foram estudadas as variáveis sexo, idade, diagnóstico nutricional, período e desfecho da internação por meio dos protocolos de triagem nutricional e prontuários de 238 pacientes internados com AIDS em um hospital de Belo Horizonte no ano de 2010. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o estado nutricional como variável dependente para a realização de análises descritivas e comparativas por meio do qui-quadrado de Pearson. A presença de risco nutricional foi observada na maioria dos pacientes (74,8 %). O tempo médio de internação foi de aproximadamente 22 dias (DP= 21,3 dias), sendo que a maior parte dospacientes (50,4%) permaneceu internada por mais de 18 dias. Quanto ao desfecho da internação, 12,6 % evoluíram para óbito. Foi observada uma associação estatisticamente significativa (valor-p = 0,035) entre o diagnóstico nutricional e o tempo de internação, o que indica que pacientes com risco nutricional têm maiores chances de permanecer internados por mais tempo. Não foi encontradaassociação entre as demais variáveis em função do risco nutricional. Contudo, verifica-se que pacientes com risco nutricional e com maior tempo de permanência hospitalar apresentam maior desfecho de óbitos. Conclui-se que o risco nutricional aumenta o período de internação em pacientes com AIDS o que pode levar a um aumento da mortalidade desses pacientes.
The aim of this study was to examine the possible association between nutritional risk of individuals infected with HIV / AIDS over time and hospitalization outcomes. Variables studied were sex, age, nutrition diagnosis, timing and outcome of admission through the protocols of nutritional screening and medical records of 238 patients hospitalized with AIDS in a hospital in Belo Horizonte in 2010. Statistical analysis was performed using nutritional status as a dependent variable for the descriptiveand comparative analysis using the chi-square test. The presence of nutritional risk was observed in most patients (74.8%). The average length of hospitalization was approximately 22 days (SD = 21.3 days), and most patients (50,4%) remained hospitalized for more than 18 days. Outcome admission 12.6% died. We observed statistically significant association (p-value = 0.035) between the nutritional diagnosis and length of stay, indicating that patients at nutritional risk are more likely to remainhospitalized longer. No association was found between the other variables according to nutritional risk.However, it appears that patients at nutritional risk and with a longer hospital stay outcomes are moredeaths. We conclude that nutritional risk increases the length of hospitalization in AIDS patient whichmay lead to increased mortality of these patients.