RESUMEN
Resumen Los humedales son ecosistemas frágiles e importantes que, a pesar de su gran biodiversidad, se conoce poco sobre la diversidad de mamíferos. Por ello, en este estudio se documenta la diversidad y abundancia de los mamíferos pequeños de cuatro humedales de la costa central peruana: Albufera de Medio Mundo, Refugio de vida silvestre Pantanos de Villa, Ensenada San Antonio y Caucato. Se realizó una evaluación convencional con trampas y redes, complementada con el método acústico. El esfuerzo de muestreo fue de 4651 trampas/noche, 145 redes/noche y 48 horas/detector. Registramos 5 especies nativas de roedores, 3 roedores introducidos, 12 murciélagos y un marsupial. El roedor Akodon mollis y los murciélagos Nyctinomops laticaudatus y N. macrotis son primeros registros para el departamento de Lima. El cuy silvestre se distribuye en el centro y sur de la costa y confirmamos la presencia del marsupial Didelphis pernigra a nivel del mar. La mayoría de los humedales están fuertemente impactados por la alta abundancia relativa de roedores introducidos, especialmente de Mus musculus y Rattus rattus. La diversidad β fue moderada a pesar de la relativa cercanía entre los humedales. Resaltamos la alta diversidad de mamíferos pequeños nativos en los humedales y alertamos sobre el impacto que los roedores introducidos pueden producir sobre la sobrevivencia de las demás especies. Además, hipotetizamos que la fauna nativa aquí reportada estuvo presente en la región de Lima al menos todo el periodo republicano. Estos humedales requieren protección continua, monitoreo e implementación de medidas de restauración para asegurar la conservación de su biota.
Abstract Wetlands are fragile, unique and important ecosystems that harbour great biodiversity. However, mammalian diversity in wetlands along the Peruvian coast is poorly known. We present data on the diversity and abundance of small mammals from four wetlands located on the central Peruvian coast: Albufera de Medio Mundo, Pantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge, Ensenada San Antonio, and Caucato. We used conventional traps to survey rodents and mist nets combined with acoustic recording methods to survey bats. Our sampling effort totalled 4651 traps/night, 145 nets/night, and 48 hours/detector. We recorded 5 native species of rodents, 3 non-native rodents, 12 species of bats, and one marsupial. The rodent Akodon mollis and the bats Nyctinomops laticaudatus and N. macrotis are the first records for the department of Lima. The wild guinea pig is distributed along the central and southern Peruvian coast, and the presence of the Andean White-eared Opossum, Didelphis pernigra, at sea level is confirmed. The majority of wetlands we surveyed are highly impacted by non-native species, notably Mus musculus and Rattus rattus which have a high relative abundance in Pantanos de Villa and Caucato. β diversity among the four wetlands is moderate despite the relatively short distance between them. We highlight the high diversity of small native mammals in coastal wetlands and warn about the harmful impact the high relative abundance of introduced rodents can produce on the survival of native species. Furthermore, we hypothesized that native fauna reported here was present in Lima region at least throughout the Republican period. These wetlands require continuous protection, monitoring and implementation of restoration measures to ensure the conservation of their biota.
RESUMEN
Brucellosis is an important but neglected zoonosis that causes serious economic losses both in livestock and human populations. The aim of the present study was to estimate the true prevalence of brucellosis together with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of three serological tests in humans of the northwestern part of Ecuador using a Bayesian approach adjusted for the dependencies among the multiple tests to avoid any misinterpretation. In addition, the causal agent responsible for human brucellosis was also identified. Using a total of 3,733 samples collected from humans in this area between 2006 and 2008, the prevalence of human brucellosis and the diagnostic test characteristics of the Rose Bengal fast agglutination test (RBT), Wright's slow agglutination test with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate (EDTA) (SAT-EDTA), and indirect ELISA (iELISA) were estimated using a Bayesian approach. The estimated true prevalence of human brucellosis was 1% (credibility interval: 0.4-1.6). The sensitivities of iELISA and RBT were higher than and similar (95.1% and 95.0%, respectively) to those of SAT-EDTA (60.8%). Even though all tests indicated a high specificity (> 99.0%), the specificity of SAT-EDTA was highest (99.9%). The circulating strain in this study area was identified to be Brucella abortus biotype 4 based on culture and microbiological characterization. The RBT and the iELISA are recommended for estimating the true prevalence of human brucellosis and/or for surveillance programs following their high sensitivities and specificities. The proposed strategy supports evidence-based medicine for clinicians and policy-makers to ensure appropriate preventive and control program of brucellosis worldwide.
Asunto(s)
Pruebas de Aglutinación/normas , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Brucella abortus/aislamiento & purificación , Brucelosis/diagnóstico , Brucelosis/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Teorema de Bayes , Brucella abortus/inmunología , Brucelosis/microbiología , Brucelosis/transmisión , Bovinos , Estudios Transversales , Ecuador/epidemiología , Ácido Edético/química , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Rosa Bengala/química , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Human brucellosis in Ecuador is underreported and based only on passive surveillance. Since 2008, brucellosis was removed from the list of communicable diseases in the country. Until now, the true human brucellosis picture has not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the disease, identify risk factors associated with brucellosis seropositivity in humans, and isolate circulating strains of Brucella spp. in the northwestern part of Ecuador. Between 2006 and 2008, a large transect survey was conducted, based on blood sampling of people from the northwestern part of Ecuador (n=3733) together with an epidemiological inquiry. On the basis of three diagnostic tests used in parallel, the overall seroprevalence was estimated as 1.88% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-2.38). Based on a multivariable random effects logistic regression analysis, the main risk factors associated with human brucellosis seropositivity were contact with livestock (odds ratio [OR]=3.0; CI 1.25-7.08), consumption of fetus and placenta (OR=2.5; CI 1.18-5.22), and involvement in activities at risk for brucellosis infection (OR=1.8; CI 1.00-3.35). Noticeable variation in brucellosis seropositivity among humans within cantons was observed. The circulating strain was Brucella abortus biotype 4. This study emphasized that contact with livestock, consumption of fetus and placenta, and occupational hazard group were all significant risk factors for the transmission of brucellosis among individuals in the northwestern part of Ecuador. Alongside encouraging the launching of educational campaigns against brucellosis, especially in rural areas where 36% of the population lives, controlling this zoonotic disease in animals will directly benefit its prevention in humans, especially because there is no safe and efficacious vaccine against brucellosis in humans.
Asunto(s)
Brucelosis/epidemiología , Mataderos , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Niño , Preescolar , Ecuador/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Ganado , Masculino , Productos de la Carne/microbiología , Productos de la Carne/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Leche/microbiología , Leche/estadística & datos numéricos , Exposición Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Distribución por Sexo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Neural networks (NNs) have numerous applications to online processes, but the problem of stability is rarely discussed. This is an extremely important issue because, if the stability of a solution is not guaranteed, the equipment that is being used can be damaged, which can also cause serious accidents. It is true that in some research papers this problem has been considered, but this concerns continuous-time NN only. At the same time, there are many systems that are better described in the discrete time domain such as population of animals, the annual expenses in an industry, the interest earned by a bank, or the prediction of the distribution of loads stored every hour in a warehouse. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to consider the stability of the discrete-time NN. This paper makes several important contributions. 1) A theorem is stated and proven which guarantees uniform stability of a general discrete-time system. 2) It is proven that the backpropagation (BP) algorithm with a new time-varying rate is uniformly stable for online identification and the identification error converges to a small zone bounded by the uncertainty. 3) It is proven that the weights' error is bounded by the initial weights' error, i.e., overfitting is eliminated in the proposed algorithm. 4) The BP algorithm is applied to predict the distribution of loads that a transelevator receives from a trailer and places in the deposits in a warehouse every hour, so that the deposits in the warehouse are reserved in advance using the prediction results. 5) The BP algorithm is compared with the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm and with the Takagi-Sugeno type fuzzy inference system in the problem of predicting the distribution of loads in a warehouse, giving that the first and the second are stable and the third is unstable. 6) The BP algorithm is compared with the RLS algorithm and with the Kalman filter algorithm in a synthetic example.
Asunto(s)
Algoritmos , Inteligencia Artificial , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Modelos Lineales , Reconocimiento de Normas Patrones Automatizadas/métodos , Diseño de Software , Enseñanza/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), a hexaploid outcrossing crop, is an important staple and food security crop in developing countries in Africa and Asia. The availability of genomic resources for sweetpotato is in striking contrast to its importance for human nutrition. Previously existing sequence data were restricted to around 22,000 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences and ~ 1,500 GenBank sequences. We have used 454 pyrosequencing to augment the available gene sequence information to enhance functional genomics and marker design for this plant species. RESULTS: Two quarter 454 pyrosequencing runs used two normalized cDNA collections from stems and leaves from drought-stressed sweetpotato clone Tanzania and yielded 524,209 reads, which were assembled together with 22,094 publically available expressed sequence tags into 31,685 sets of overlapping DNA segments and 34,733 unassembled sequences. Blastx comparisons with the UniRef100 database allowed annotation of 23,957 contigs and 15,342 singletons resulting in 24,657 putatively unique genes. Further, 27,119 sequences had no match to protein sequences of UniRef100database. On the basis of this gene index, we have identified 1,661 gene-based microsatellite sequences, of which 223 were selected for testing and 195 were successfully amplified in a test panel of 6 hexaploid (I. batatas) and 2 diploid (I. trifida) accessions. CONCLUSIONS: The sweetpotato gene index is a useful source for functionally annotated sweetpotato gene sequences that contains three times more gene sequence information for sweetpotato than previous EST assemblies. A searchable version of the gene index, including a blastn function, is available at http://www.cipotato.org/sweetpotato_gene_index.
Asunto(s)
Minería de Datos , Genes de Plantas/genética , Ipomoea batatas/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Temperatura , Secuencia de Bases , Mapeo Contig , Etiquetas de Secuencia Expresada , Anotación de Secuencia MolecularRESUMEN
The aim of the study was to assess risk factors for vascular dementia (VaD) in elderly psychiatric outpatients without dementia, and to determine to what extent clinical interventions targeted such risk factors. Out of 250 clinical charts, 78 were selected of patients over 60 years old, who showed no signs of dementia. Information was obtained regarding demographics, clinical conditions (diagnosis according to ICD-10), complementary investigation, cognitive functions (via CAMCOG), neuroimaging, and the presence of risk factors for VaD. Depression was the most prevalent psychiatric disorder (74%). A great majority of the patients (86%) had at least one risk factor for VaD. One-third of the sample showed three or more risk factors for VaD. The clinical conditions related to risk factors for VaD were hypertension (48.7%), heart disease (30.8%), hypercholesterolemia (25.6%), diabetes mellitus (23.1%), stroke (12.8%), tryglyceride (12.8%), and obesity (5.1%). In terms of lifestyle, smoking (19.2%), alcohol abuse (16.7%), and sedentarism (14.1%) were other risk factors found. Definite risk factors for VaD were found in 83.3% of the patients. Previous interventions targeting risk factors were found in only 20% of the cases. The high rates of risk factors for VaD identified in this sample suggest that psychiatrists should be more attentive to these factors for the prevention of VaD.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Demencia Vascular/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Comorbilidad/tendencias , Demencia Vascular/fisiopatología , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo/fisiopatología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/fisiopatología , Femenino , Cardiopatías/epidemiología , Cardiopatías/fisiopatología , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiología , Hiperlipidemias/fisiopatología , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Aptitud Física , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Although psychotropics are one of the classes of medications most prescribed in nursing homes for the elderly, studies examining prescribing patterns are limited in both number and scope. The present study was undertaken to investigate factors associated with general psychotropic use in a nursing home in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective observational study at the Nursing Home for the Elderly, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista. METHODS: Information on prescriptions was retrieved from the medical records of 108 elderly residents in a nursing home. Sixty-five of these patients, with mean age 74.5 years (± standard deviation 9.4 years), who were taking medications on a regular basis, comprised the sample. The effects of demographic and clinical variables on the psychotropic prescription pattern were examined. RESULTS: Females were more likely to receive psychotropics (p = 0.038). Individuals on medicines for cardiovascular diseases received psychotropics less frequently (p = 0.001). The number of prescribed psychotropics correlated negatively with both age (p = 0.009) and number of non-psychotropic drugs (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Although preliminary, the present results indicated that cardiovascular disease was the clinical variable that most influenced psychotropic prescription. Physicians' overconcern regarding drug interactions might at least partially explain this result. Further investigations involving larger sample sizes from different regions are warranted to confirm these findings.
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Embora os psicotrópicos sejam uma das classes de medicações mais prescritas em abrigos para idosos, os estudos avaliando o seu padrão de prescrição são limitados em número e escopo. Este estudo visou investigar os fatores associados ao uso de psicofármacos em um abrigo para idosos no Brasil. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo observacional realizado no Abrigo da Velhice de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista. MÉTODOS: Dados sobre prescrições foram extraídos dos prontuários médicos dos 108 idosos moradores do abrigo. Sessenta e cinco sujeitos (idade média ± desvio padrão = 74,5 ± 9,4 anos), em uso regular de medicação, constituíram a amostra. Foram examinados os efeitos das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas sobre o padrão de prescrição de psicofármacos. RESULTADOS: As mulheres recebiam mais psicofármacos (p = 0.038); indivíduos em uso de medicações para doenças cardiovasculares recebiam menos psicofármacos (p = 0.001). Houve correlação negativa entre número de psicofármacos prescritos e, ambos, idade (p = 0.009) e número de medicações clínicas (p = 0.009). CONCLUSÃO: Embora preliminares, os resultados indicam as doenças cardiovasculares como a variável clínica que mais influenciou a prescrição de psicofármacos. Uma excessiva precaução por parte dos clínicos pode explicar parcialmente este resultado. Novas investigações, com amostras maiores e de diferentes regiões são desejáveis para confirmação destes dados.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermería Geriátrica , Hogares para Ancianos/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Mentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Casas de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Factores de Edad , Brasil , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Trastornos Mentales/enfermería , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Although psychotropics are one of the classes of medications most prescribed in nursing homes for the elderly, studies examining prescribing patterns are limited in both number and scope. The present study was undertaken to investigate factors associated with general psychotropic use in a nursing home in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective observational study at the Nursing Home for the Elderly, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista. METHODS: Information on prescriptions was retrieved from the medical records of 108 elderly residents in a nursing home. Sixty-five of these patients, with mean age 74.5 years (+/-standard deviation 9.4 years), who were taking medications on a regular basis, comprised the sample. The effects of demographic and clinical variables on the psychotropic prescription pattern were examined. RESULTS: Females were more likely to receive psychotropics (p = 0.038). Individuals on medicines for cardiovascular diseases received psychotropics less frequently (p = 0.001). The number of prescribed psychotropics correlated negatively with both age (p = 0.009) and number of non-psychotropic drugs (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Although preliminary, the present results indicated that cardiovascular disease was the clinical variable that most influenced psychotropic prescription. Physicians' overconcern regarding drug interactions might at least partially explain this result. Further investigations involving larger sample sizes from different regions are warranted to confirm these findings.
Asunto(s)
Hogares para Ancianos/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Mentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Casas de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Femenino , Enfermería Geriátrica , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/enfermería , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Um dos fenômenos mais marcantes do processo de envelhecimento são as modificações da constituição corporal. Elas contribuem para a fragilidade daqueles que chegam a idades muito avançadas e podem ser alteradas pela atividade física
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Envejecimiento , Actividad MotoraRESUMEN
Às vezes pensamos em nossa vida, olhando apenas determinado momento de tensão ou de alegria, como a aposentadoria, por exemplo, sem percebermos que ele é resultado de anos vividos em cada fase do desenvolvimento. Assim, para entendermos melhor a aposentadoria este momento marcante na vida dos trabalhadores em seus aspectos positivos ou negativos, precisamos pensar um pouco sobre alguns pontos de nossas vidas, no contexto da sociedade que vivemos. O primeiro ponto será o trabalho, já que a aposentadoria é o resultado de anos de dedicação e contribuição do trabalhador. O segundo ponto é a maneira como fomos educados para o trabalho. Num terceiro momento, refletiremos sobre como a aposentadoria representa um rito de passagem para a velhice, etapa do desenvolvimento humano tão temida e indesejada perante a desvalorização do velho no mundo ocidental. Por fim, teceremos algumas considerações destinadas aos que se preparam para a aposentadoria
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Jubilación , Trabajo/tendenciasRESUMEN
São 20 capítulos. Os autores são todos especialistas, com prática profissional diretamente ligada a pessoas maduras e idosas. Procuramos uma linguagem direta e bem-humorada, trazendo informação científica atualizada sobre envelhecimento, saúde, alimentação, atividade física, moradia, relação familiar, sexualidade, solidão, trabalho e aposentadoria, cidadania, educação, espiritualidade, violência, dentre outros temas. A cada página, você vai encontrando mais informações, que provocam a busca de outras, sobre importantes aspectos do envelhecimento. Ao final dos textos, há sempre sugestões comentadas de leituras, filmes e sites, para você aprofundar os assuntos de seu interesse.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , EnvejecimientoRESUMEN
O que é ser cuidador? Qual a experiência que precisa ter aquele que cuida de um idoso dependente? Quais são as tarefas que precisam ser executadas e como executá-las? Estas perguntas sempre surgem para pessoas que cuidam de outras, sejam, estas familiares ou profissionais. Das diversas maneiras de se responder a estas questões, optou-se por uma forma em que se pudesse dar voz àqueles que cuidam, reunindo pessoas com experiências diferentes em cuidado de idosos
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cuidadores/tendencias , Aprendizaje Basado en ProblemasRESUMEN
Os conflitos familiares, o cuidador e o idoso dependente são os temas sobre os quase se discute neste artigo. Os conflitos são de diversas ordens e precisam ser tratados em instâncias diferentes, pois muitos deles são de difícil solução. Não há fórmulas para administrar os conflitos
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano , Cuidadores , Conflicto Psicológico , FamiliaRESUMEN
Cuarenta y un pacientes con cáncer colorrectal operados por el autor fueron sometidos a un seguimiento oncológico protocolizado por un tiempo no menor a 5 años, con una pesquisa de un 14,6 por ciento de recidivas y 14,6 por ciento de nuevos cánceres primarios. La separación de estos pacientes en grupo de alto y bajo riesgo en base a la medición preoperatoria de CEA y su estadificación según las clasificaciones de Dukes y Jass, permitió determinar que las recidivas se presentaron sólo en el primer grupo, mientras que los nuevos cánceres aparecieron indistintamente en ambos. En base a estos resultados, se proponen 2 tipos de seguimiento
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Carcinoma , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Protocolos Clínicos , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Estudios de Seguimiento , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Estadificación de NeoplasiasRESUMEN
Neste artigo proponho uma reflexão sobre questões fundamentais da educação para o trabalho assalariado, sobre o processo de anulação do ser humano pelo trabalho fragmentado e sobre a ameaça de uma velhice sem sentido e sem qualidade. A Enfermagem, profissão que essencialmente cuida da vida, pode estar, pela educação formal e pela relação trabalhista assalariada do mundo moderno, levando seus profissionais a constringirem seus horizontes, a plasmarem suas vidas pelo trabalho como único valor produtivo e a negligenciarem os processos de envelhecimento com qualidade de vida...
In this study, I propose a reflection about fundamental questions concerning education for salaried work, the process of human nullification trough fragmented work, and also the threat of a senseless aging without quality. Nursing, as a profession of those who take care of life, could be, through formal education and through a modern worlds salaried work relation, conducting its professionals to reduce their horizons, to base their lives in work as the only productive rate, and to ignore the aging process with life quality...
En este artículo propongo una reflexión sobre cuestiones fundamentales de la educación para el trabajo asalariado, sobre el proceso de anulación del ser humano por el trabajo fragmentado y sobre la amenaza de una vejez sin sentido y sin calidad. La enfermería, profesión que esencialmente cuida de la vida, puede estar, por la educación formal y por la relación trabajista asalariada del mundo moderno, llevando sus profesionales a limitar sus horizontes, a modelar sus vidas por el trabajo como único valor productivo y a negligencia de los procesos de envejecimientos con calidad de vida...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Cuidadores/psicología , Educación Continua , Envejecimiento , Calidad de Vida , TrabajoRESUMEN
Por medio del banco de sangre se lleva a cabo la medicina transfusional, éste asegura un suministro adecuado de componentes sanguíneos al hospital, se revisan en forma general aspectos sobre su registro y función así como las actividades principales de su personal. Los métodos de la terapia sanguínea así como la transfución alogénica y autotransfusión son modalidades y actividades que deben promoverse. Consideraciones sobre la selección del donador y estudios de laboratorio son comentados
Asunto(s)
Bancos de Sangre , Bancos de Sangre/legislación & jurisprudencia , Bancos de Sangre/organización & administración , Hospitales Militares/legislación & jurisprudencia , Hospitales Militares/organización & administraciónRESUMEN
Descreve as técnicas de intervenção em grupos operativos de idosos que estão em acompanhamento ambulatorial ou em processo de recuperação funcional. O trabalho com grupos de idosos, em recuperação funcional, busca privilegiar o desenvolvimento de projetos de enfrentamento das ameaças contínuas de sua qualidade de vida
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano , Personal de Salud , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
Se presenta un caso clínico de fibromatosis musculoaponeurótica de la mama en una mujer de 33 años, sin antecedentes de cirugía mamaria previa. Se analizan las características morfológicas y el diagnóstico diferencial con un cáncer mamario. Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica y se comenta el tratamiento de elección
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Enfermedades de la Mama/patología , Fibromatosis Agresiva/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Músculos Pectorales/patologíaRESUMEN
Objetiva indagar a um grupo de idosos o que eles entendem por dignidade, numa construção coletiva, e depois discutir este entendimento à luz de suas histórias de vida e do ciclo do desenvolvimento do homem, proposto por Erik Erikson
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Grupos ProfesionalesRESUMEN
Contenido: 1.Introduccion 2.Resumen del proyecto y conclusiones.Estudio del mercado.Tamano y localizacion de la planta.Ingenieria del proyecto.Inversiones del proyecto.Costos de produccion.Analisis economico.Financiamiento del proyecto.Conclusiones 3.Estudio del mercado.Consumo historico.Proyecciones de la demanda del PVC en Bolivia.Factores de crecimiento de consumo.Datos de precios.Aranceles.Proveedores de materia prima.Produccion mundial de PVC 4.Determinacion del tamano y localizacion de la planta.Criterios para esta determinacion.Porcentajes de utilizacion de la capacidad instalada.Ubicacion de la planta.Analisis del transporte de materia prima 5.Ingenieria del proyecto.Propiedades y caracteristicas.Procesos industriales de fabricacion.Cinetica de la polimerizacion del cloruro de vinilo.Descripcion del equipo de produccion.Empresas proveedoras de tecnologia 6.Inversiones del proyecto.Inversiones.Capital de trabajo.Calendario de inversiones 7.Costos de produccion.Materias primas y otros.Insumos.Mano de obra.Otros gastos 8.Evaluacion economica del proyecto.Criterios para esta evaluacion.Calculo de la tasa interna de retorno.Rentabilidad en base al criterio beneficios-costos directos.Punto de equilibrio.Sensibilidad del proyecto 9.Financiamiento del proyecto.Esquema financiero.