RESUMEN
The present study reports the occurrence of helminths in the introduced species Tupinambis merianae (tegu lizard), and in two endemic species Trachylepis atlantica (small lizard) and Amphisbaena ridleyi (two-head-snake lizard ), from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Nine species of helminths were found, mainly in the digestive tract and accessory organs, with the following prevalence (P) and mean infection intensity (MII). Tupinambis merianae: Diaphanocephalus galeatus (P = 96%, MII = 20.5), Spinicauda spinicauda (P = 100%, MII = 197.8), and Oochoristica sp.l (P = 20%, MII = 4.4). Trachylepis atlantica: Moaciria alvarengai (P = 20%, MII = 1.4), S. spinicauda (P = 92%, MII = 22.1), Mesocoelium monas (P = 4%, MII = 3.0), Platynosomum sp. (P = 8%, MII = 7.0), and Oochoristica sp.2 (P = 16%, MII = 1.25). Amphisbaena ridleyi: Aplectana albae (P = 96%, MII = 143.4), Thelandros alvarengai (P = 4%, MII = 1.0), Me. monas (P = 44%, MII = 2.8), Platynosomum sp. (P = 36%; MII = 13.8), and Oochoristica sp.2 (P = 48%; MII = 2.17). More than 80% of T. merianae were infected with 2, or more, helminth species. In Tr. atlantica, single-species infections were present in 50% of the specimens, but co-occurrence of 2 parasites was also high (41.7%). In A. ridleyi, multiple infections were more common, with up to 5 parasite species present. The helminth fauna observed allowed us to conclude that helminths can be carried together with their host when they colonize new geographic localities and that these introduced helminths can, in turn, colonize endemic, or native, hosts.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Digestivo/parasitología , Helmintiasis Animal/parasitología , Helmintos/aislamiento & purificación , Lagartos/parasitología , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Geografía , Helmintiasis Animal/epidemiología , Helmintos/clasificación , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
A taquicardia ventricular, geralmente, é consequência de anormalidades cardíacas. Aquelas cuja etiopatogenia näo pode ser definida pelos métodos diagnósticos atuais, Säo classificadas como idiopáticas. Gallavardin foi o primeiro, em 1922, a descrever a presença de taquicardias ventriculares, em pacientes jovens, sem cardiopatia aparente. Dentre as taquicardias ventriculares, este de de taquiarritmia tem incidência maior do que a esperada, podendo chegar a 10 por cento. O pequeno registro de ocorrênas deve-se a pouco frequente sintomatologia e ao insuficiente conhecimento médico deste distúrbio do ritmo cardíaco. O advento de métodos complementares de diagnóstico mais sofisticados permitiu melhor compreensäo destas arritmias, de seus mecanismos de produçäo, dos locais de origem e de seus fatores desencadeantes.
Asunto(s)
Ablación por Catéter , Bloqueo Cardíaco , Taquicardia Ventricular/terapia , Ejercicio FísicoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of sotalol in patients (pts) with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VT) from right ventricular outflow tract. METHODS: Eighteen pts with VT were enrolled (five with monomorphic repetitive ventricular tachycardia - MRVT). Pts were submitted to a double-blind crossover randomized study (placebo vs. 320 mg/po/d/sotalol; four weeks each), after a wash-out control period. Holter recording were recorded in control and placebo and drug periods. Eligible pts have > 50/h isolated ventricular premature beats (VPB) in control, with or without paired VPB or nonsustained VT (NSVT- > 3 beats, > 100bpm). Drug efficacy criteria was: > 75% reduction in isolated VPB and > 90% of paired VPB or NSVT. The effects of the drug on uncorrected QT interval was evaluated and also on circadian rhythm of VT through the hourly pNN50/VPB ratios. Values are given as mean +/- SD. Three recordings were compared by using paired Student's "t" test. Statistical significance was assumed for p < 0.05. RESULTS: Differences between control and placebo were NS. Drug was effective in 61% of pts, reducing the 3 types of ET (VPB: placebo = 23.508 +/- 34.537; drug: 975 +/- 1357; paired placebo = 443 +/- 587; drug = 9 +/- 20). The drug was evaluated in 4 pts with MRVT, reducing all ectopic events, with efficacy of 60% over VPB and paired and 80% over NSVT (VPB: placebo = 52.639 +/- 42.207; drug: 1631 +/- 2062; paired: placebo = 796 +/- 754; drug: 20 +/- 30; NSVT: placebo = 4287 +/- 6343; drug: 9 +/- 11). Mean QT interval was 0.40 +/- 0.01s in control and 0.50 +/- 0.04s in the drug period, with no correlation between duration and efficacy. Sotalol modified the circadian rhythm of VPB in the non-responders group, mainly during the morning. CONCLUSION: Sotalol was effective in control of VT, mainly the MRVT. Its effect on VPB circadian rhythm may independently contribute to the overall efficacy profile and myocardial protective effect of this drug.