RESUMEN
Offspring from Drosophila melanogaster populations of different maternal age were derived and aged. Our results showed that offspring longevities do not follow inversely the mother's ages i.e., increasing age of the mothers do not result in decreased offspring mean longevities in general (no typical Lansing effect). We found that also each population has distinct offspring age specific mortality rates with increasing maternal age. Overall, we suggest, this may point to unique genetic background effect of each particular population has on longevities within context of maternal age, considering that populations studied would signify distinct genetic variation states of samples of different geographic origin.
Asunto(s)
Drosophila melanogaster/fisiología , Longevidad , Edad Materna , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Small number of Drosophila melanogaster populations from two distinct geographical regions, Central Anatolia and Black Sea, of Turkey were studied. Populations sampled were electrophoresed for a single locus, alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) to assess population differentiation. Both the magnitude of genetic differentiation levels and the population structure based on hierarchical F-statistics allow populations to be grouped on two genetically divergent area, Central Anatolian and Black Sea. One ecological correlate, average yearly maximum rainfal. Ryear, seems to track this Adh genetic variation pattern. The study also shows that a typical pattern of geographical Adh polymorphism can emerge with a handfull of populations sampled across a relatively small distance.
Asunto(s)
Alcohol Deshidrogenasa/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Animales , Electroforesis en Gel de Almidón , Genética de Población , TurquíaRESUMEN
A total of 161 Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from children with urinary tract infection (UTI) were analysed for the genes encoding the virulence factors such as pyelonephritis (pap), s fimbriae (sfa), afimbrial adhesin I (afaI), haemolysin (hly), cytotoxic necrotising factor I (cnf I) and aerobactin (aer) by multiplex PCR. Ninety-four E. coli strains were found to carry at least one virulence factor. Therefore, 58.38% of total population was positive for one virulence gene at least. Percentage of genes within the total population for pap, sfa, afaI, hly, cnf I and aer was found as 22.98, 6.21, 9.94, 1.24, 9.94 and 39.75, respectively. Our analysis showed that sfa-pap (p < 0.001); pap-aer, afaI-aer and cnf I-pap (P < 0.05) and hly-sfa (p < 0.01) significantly co-occurred in their respective samples. In the light of these findings, we suggest an important role of pap causing UTI.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Escherichia coli/patogenicidad , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiología , Factores de Virulencia/aislamiento & purificación , Secuencia de Bases , Niño , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Factores de Virulencia/genéticaRESUMEN
Ageing is a complex phenomenon with possibly a multitude of contributions from many genes. In our study, we tested the degree of contribution of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh ) polymorphism (as specific enzyme activities) to ageing in Drosophila melanogaster. Our results indicate an overdominance of FS genotypes on ageing flies, with the two homozygotes, i.e., FF and SS, having significantly lower mean longevities. However, that kind of life-span-genotype relationship was not detected when the genotypes were observed for the immediate function of the Adh locus, ADH enzyme activity in which mean ADH-FF activity was the highest as compared to those of ADH-FS and ADH-SS. This irrelevancy of the ADH enzyme function to ageing, with an obvious overdominance effect of Adh locus, is discussed considering Adh 's known relation to other life history traits.