RESUMEN
The article represents results of studies concerning biochemical features of inflammation in various types of bronchial asthma caused by nonferrous metal aerosols. Also parameters of "proteolysis--antiproteolysis" system were studied on molecular genetic and biochemical levels, with determining serine proteinase, level of protease alpha-1 inhibitor and its hyposecretory deficit variants, levels of individual proteins.
Asunto(s)
Aerosoles/efectos adversos , Asma , Metales/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Profesionales , Orosomucoide/genética , Péptido Hidrolasas/fisiología , Inhibidores de Proteasas/sangre , Serina Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , alfa-Macroglobulinas/genética , Asma/enzimología , Asma/genética , Asma/fisiopatología , Biomarcadores , Humanos , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/metabolismo , Enfermedades Profesionales/fisiopatología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The author studied influence of irritants and allergens on respiratory system of workers, determined major clinical entities (bronchial asthma, exogenic allergic alveolitis) with peculiarities of clinical course, classification, diagnostic criteria, pathogenetic mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/efectos adversos , Asma/etiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Asma/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Some features were revealed after study of 185 patients with various occupational diseases: chronic lead intoxication, bronchial asthma, and disorders caused by fluor. Considering polyetiology and nonspecificity of gastric diseases, the authors could not determine the changes revealed as caused only by occupational exposure.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Gastropatías/etiología , Adulto , Asma/diagnóstico , Biopsia , Enfermedad Crónica , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Úlcera Duodenal/diagnóstico , Dispepsia/diagnóstico , Dispepsia/etiología , Esofagoscopía , Femenino , Flúor/efectos adversos , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Gastritis/diagnóstico , Gastritis/etiología , Gastritis Atrófica/diagnóstico , Gastroscopía , Humanos , Intoxicación por Plomo/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Exposición Profesional , Gastropatías/inducido químicamente , Gastropatías/diagnóstico , Gastropatías/patología , Úlcera Gástrica/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The authors tackle problem of occupational bronchial asthma classification. The article deals with up-to-date diagnostic methods providing new materials on occupational bronchial asthma pathogenesis. Those methods justified definition of specific forms of occupational bronchial asthma. The authors defined: occupational bronchial asthma allergic, non-allergic, mixed.
Asunto(s)
Asma , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Enfermedades Profesionales , Asma/clasificación , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/inmunología , Humanos , Linfocitos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Formed 75 years ago, occupational pathology has defined structure of occupational morbidity, determined principles of occupational diseases' pathogenesis and pathomorphosis, demonstrated dependence of occupational entities on acting occupational hazards, described clinical manifestations of occupational diseases, emphasized informative diagnostic complexes. Diagnosis in occupational pathology now is established on basis of etiology. Manifold activities helped to form a system preventing health disorders caused by occupational hazards. Topical problem is to elaborate and put into practice some criteria for compensation of occupational damage with differential expert assessment of functional disorders caused either by occupational disease or by general one. Prospective trend could be to create a system organizing and managing workers' health on workplace and to put "protection by time" principle into practice with forecasting risk of occupational diseases and dose-effect dependence. Another prospect is to elaborate and put into practice a training in social and psychologic adaptation for occupational managers and industrial workers.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Medicina del Trabajo/tendencias , Predicción , Humanos , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
Thorough clinical, allergologic and immunologic examination of 65 patients who worked as building painters in contact with organic solvents proved these agents, not being allergens, to contribute in formation of occupational bronchial asthma. This type of bronchial asthma is characterized by some clinical features and pathogenetic mechanisms. A complex of clinical, allergologic and immunologic methods was elaborated to diagnose this type of bronchial asthma.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/efectos adversos , Asma/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Profesionales/inducido químicamente , Pintura/efectos adversos , Solventes/efectos adversos , Formación de Anticuerpos/efectos de los fármacos , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Workers engaged into treatment of nonferrous alloys are exposed to aerosols of condensation and disintegration. Those who contact aerosols of nonferrous metals demonstrate respiratory, gastrointestinal and skin diseases. To reveal a role of occupational factors in formation of those diseases, the authors designed diagnostic criteria according to results of clinical, allergologic, immunologic and cytochemical studies.
Asunto(s)
Aleaciones/efectos adversos , Metalurgia , Enfermedades Profesionales/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Profesionales/sangre , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Ocupaciones , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The article contains a study of the basal level and the circadian rhythm of the hydrocortisone secretion in patients with occupational bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis. Relationships were established between the hydrocortisone secretion levels and severity of the clinical course. Circadian rythm disorders resulted into double hydrocortisone secretion increases at 8 a.m. and 11 p.m. Hydrocortisone secretion circadian rhythm data should be taken into account in the development of individual therapies.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Suprarrenal/fisiopatología , Asma/fisiopatología , Bronquitis/fisiopatología , Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Enfermedades Profesionales/fisiopatología , Asma/sangre , Bronquitis/sangre , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Enfermedades Profesionales/sangre , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Occupational morbidity is tending to increase, but the official statistics still underestimates occupational pathology cases, which can be explained by inadequacy of preventive medical examinations, poor training of physicians in occupational medicine, as well as the underdeveloped technical basis of health services and the unavailability of coordinating and consulting centres for providing guidance in occupational diseases' prevention. The establishment of such centres would improve the scope of preventive activities most significantly.
Asunto(s)
Centros Comunitarios de Salud/organización & administración , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/organización & administración , Medicina del Trabajo/normas , Centros Comunitarios de Salud/normas , Humanos , Enfermedades Profesionales/terapia , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/normas , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
In up-to-date industrial conditions the new clinical forms of occupational pulmonary diseases occur more and more frequently in addition to the most prevalent dust pathology of the lungs. They occur in workers exposed to industrial aerosols of complex composition, including toxic substances and allergens along with fibrogenic dust. Exogenous allergic alveolitis, metalloconioses and occupational bronchitis should be distinguished among the diseases in consideration. The prophylaxis is to include measures aimed at the improvement of the working conditions, performance of preliminary and periodic medical examinations, early specialized employment and clinical examination of the patients.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/efectos adversos , Bisinosis/etiología , Bisinosis/prevención & control , Polvo/efectos adversos , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/prevención & control , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Neumoconiosis/etiología , Neumoconiosis/prevención & control , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
The article presents data on the treatment of dust induced diseases of the lungs, occupational bronchial pathology, lead poisoning, allergic skin diseases, occupational hypoacusis and occupational NS disorders. The treatment techniques included relatively new therapies of which non-medicinal techniques were preferred, such as needle therapy, entherosorption, phytotherapy, manual therapy, vacuum massage, etc.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Profesionales/terapia , Medicina del Trabajo/métodos , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/métodos , Desintoxicación por Sorción/métodos , Dermatitis Profesional/terapia , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/terapia , Humanos , Intoxicación por Plomo/terapia , Medicina del Trabajo/tendencias , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/terapia , Neumoconiosis/terapia , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
The paper is concerned with a clinical picture of various types of occupational allergic diseases caused by exposure to occupational allergens. In view of a clinical course and pathogenesis of these diseases a set of diagnostic methods was developed, including allergy-oriented examination of patients using skin, endonasal and inhalation tests. Early diagnosis of allergic diseases and interruption of the workers' contact with occupational substances of allergic and irritant action are recommended for the prevention of severe allergic lesions of the respiratory organs and skin. The use of special protective ointments and pastes is indicated in skin diseases.