RESUMEN
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different breeding systems (breeding on the ground and in the cage) on the egg production and egg characteristics of Rock Partridges. Egg production values of the ground and cage system groups were determined as 41.30 and 49.40%, respectively, and this difference was found to be significant (P < 0.05). The weight values of the eggs were 23.86 g in the ground system and 22.08 g in the cage system (P < 0.05). The difference between the shape index values, which were determined as 75.39 in the ground system and as 77.65 in the cage system, was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In addition, the values for yolk index (48.42 and 44.11), albumen index (1.45 and 1.66), Haugh unit (83.24 and 86.78), shell weight (2.39 and 2.86), yolk weight (8.55 and 7.89), and albumen weight (12.46 and 11.78) obtained in the ground and cage system, respectively, were obtained to be statistically different (P < 0.05). It was observed that the Rock Partridges could be bred in ground and cage systems during the egg production period, and although the investment cost and equipment expenditure increase in cage breeding, the egg quality, shape index, albumen index, and Haugh unit of Rock Partridges decrease dramatically in ground breeding.
Asunto(s)
Cruzamiento/métodos , Huevos/normas , Galliformes/fisiología , Oviposición , Aves de Corral/fisiología , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Animales , Yema de Huevo , Femenino , Ovalbúmina/análisisRESUMEN
In this study, the effects of breeding systems and stocking density on some blood parameters of rock partridges [total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), sodium, chlorine, potassium, aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT)] were investigated. For this purpose, blood samples of 18-wk-old male rock partridges, which were bred on the ground and in cages with 3 different stocking densities (group I: 15 partridges/m(2); group II: 20 partridges/m(2); and group III: 25 partridges/m(2)) were examined. Breeding method of rock partridges was found to have significant effects on blood total protein, (P < 0.05), total cholesterol (P < 0.05), triglyceride (P < 0.01), urea (P < 0.01), glucose (P < 0.05), calcium (P < 0.05), phosphorus (P < 0.01), ALP (P < 0.05), sodium (P < 0.01), chlorine (P < 0.05), and potassium (P < 0.01) levels, whereas it was found to have no significant effect on blood AST and ALT levels (P > 0.05). Stocking density of rock partridges was also found to affect significantly the levels of blood total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, ALP, sodium, chlorine, and potassium (P < 0.05), whereas it did not have a significant effect on blood AST and ALT levels (P > 0.05). When the breeding method of the partridges was changed from the ground to the cages and the stocking density was increased, it was observed that the levels of blood total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, glucose, sodium, and chlorine increased, whereas total protein, calcium, phosphorus, ALP, and potassium levels decreased. It was understood that the reactions of partridges toward breeding systems and stocking density were different and passing from ground system to cage system, and the increase in stocking density caused significant changes in blood parameters.
Asunto(s)
Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Cruzamiento/métodos , Galliformes/sangre , Galliformes/fisiología , Animales , MasculinoRESUMEN
This study was conducted to determine the effects of Cr (chromium picolinate, CrPic) supplementation at various levels (0, 200, 400, 800 or 1200 microg/kg of diet) on egg production, egg quality and serum concentrations of insulin, corticosterone and glucose in laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japanica) reared under conditions of heat stress (32.5 degrees C). Laying Japanese quail (n = 150; 45 d old) were divided into five groups of 30 birds. The quail were fed either a control diet containing 965 microg Cr/kg diet or the control diet supplemented with 200, 400, 800 or 1200 microg of Cr/kg diet. Increased supplemental chromium increased body weight (P = 0.05, linear), feed intake (P = 0.05, linear), egg production (P = 0.01, linear) and also improved feed efficiency (P = 0.01, linear). Increased supplemental chromium linearly increased egg weight (P = 0.01), eggshell thickness, egg specific gravity (P = 0.05) and Haugh unit (P = 0.01). Serum insulin concentration increased linearly (P = 0.01), whereas corticosterone and glucose concentration decreased linearly (P = 0.05) as dietary chromium increased. The best results were obtained with 1200 microg Cr/kg diet, and chromium supplementation at such a level can be considered to be protective management practice in a quail diet, reducing the negative effects of heat stress.
Asunto(s)
Coturnix/fisiología , Huevos/normas , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/veterinaria , Quelantes del Hierro/administración & dosificación , Oviposición/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Picolínicos/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/fisiopatología , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Corticosterona/sangre , Coturnix/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/fisiopatología , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/prevención & control , Insulina/sangre , Quelantes del Hierro/farmacología , Oviposición/fisiología , Ácidos Picolínicos/farmacología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation are important elements for regulating the activity of enzymes or structural proteins. These modifications give rise to isoforms that are often not resolved by separation methods relying on the size of proteins. Here, we optimized an isoelectric focusing (IEF)-immunoblotting method suitable for analyzing protein isoforms in total cell extracts. The separations were carried out in parallel on commercially available immobilized pH gradient slab gels (IPG). The buffer used for separation contained urea, thiourea, dithiothreitol, as well as the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-sulfonate (CHAPS), and was designed to match those used in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) separations where efficient solubilization is required. Proteins were transferred to membranes by passive diffusion in the presence of 4 M guanidinium chloride using protocols optimized for several protein classes (tubulin, stathmin, 14-3-3 proteins) some of which required removal of CHAPS prior to transfer. In conjunction with narrow-range pH gradient gels, excellent resolution of isoforms differing by phosphorylation or acetylation was achieved. The usefulness of pI and titration curve calculations for predicting the pI shifts expected for post-translational modifications of proteins with known amino acid composition was demonstrated. Using stathmin--which contains four phosphorylation sites--as an example, the effects on the pI-shifts were well predicted. This sensitive and widely applicable IEF-blotting technology is expected to be especially suited for analyzing protein isoforms first detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis.