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INTRODUCTION: Levator ani muscle avulsions potentially increase recurrence after anterior colporrhaphies. We aimed at evaluating the impact of avulsions on anatomical and patient-reported outcomes 1 year after the Manchester procedure for primary anterior compartment pelvic organ prolapse. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 189 women undergoing the Manchester procedure between October 2014 and January 2017. Avulsions were diagnosed by transperineal ultrasound. Women with and without avulsions were compared for 1-year postoperative outcomes; Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification measurements, subjective satisfaction (1-worse to 4-cured), failure (new prolapse treatment), response to validated questionnaires on pelvic floor distress and sexual function, and a composite outcome (subjectively cured and optimal anterior compartment outcome (stage 0-I)). Optimal mid-compartment outcome was defined as cervix ≥5 cm above the hymen. Factors potentially associated with poor anatomical outcomes (anterior compartment stage ≥II) or pelvic floor distress were analyzed using regression analyses. RESULTS: Fewer women with avulsions (present in 50.8%) obtained optimal mid-compartment outcomes (88.2% vs 77.1%; P = 0.05). The groups were otherwise similar in terms of mid-compartment reduction, anterior compartment results, failure rate, subjective satisfaction, pelvic floor/sexual symptoms, and combined optimal subjective and anatomical outcome. Only preoperative anterior compartment stage ≥III was associated with poor anatomical outcome (P < 0.01). A high preoperative symptom score was associated with a high postoperative symptom score (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although fewer women with avulsions obtained optimal mid-compartment results, avulsions had no impact on other anatomical or symptomatic outcomes 1 year after the Manchester procedure for primary anterior compartment prolapse.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/métodos , Diafragma Pélvico/cirugía , Prolapso de Órgano Pélvico/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Noruega , Satisfacción del Paciente , Diafragma Pélvico/diagnóstico por imagen , Prolapso de Órgano Pélvico/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Prospectivos , Recurrencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsions in a selected cohort of patients with primary anterior compartment pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to assess whether LAM avulsions, as an independent factor, affect the degree of POP symptoms and sexual dysfunction. Additionally, clinical and demographic variables of women with and those without avulsions were compared. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study including 197 women scheduled for anterior compartment POP surgery. LAM avulsions were diagnosed on transperineal 4D ultrasound. Preoperative symptom severity and sexual dysfunction were evaluated using validated questionnaires (Pelvic Floor Disability Index [PFDI-20] and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire-Short Form 12 [PISQ-12]). Linear regression was performed with avulsion as the main independent variable against total PFDI-20 and domain scores, bulge symptoms, and PISQ-12 score. Clinical and demographic variables for women with and without avulsions were compared using independent samples t test, Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-squared test. RESULTS: The prevalence of LAM avulsions was 50.3%. Avulsions were not associated with symptom severity or sexual dysfunction. "Chronic disease causing pain, fatigue or increased intra-abdominal pressure" was the only independent factor associated with all domains of the PFDI-20. Women with avulsions were younger at presentation, older at their first delivery, had lower BMI, and more often had a history of forceps delivery (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LAM avulsions were highly prevalent in this preoperative POP cohort. Avulsions were not associated with the severity of POP symptoms or sexual dysfunction. Women with avulsions seem to require fewer additional cofactors for developing POP.
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Trastornos del Suelo Pélvico/complicaciones , Prolapso de Órgano Pélvico/etiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diafragma Pélvico/diagnóstico por imagen , Prolapso de Órgano Pélvico/clasificación , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to compare palpatory and translabial ultrasound (TLUS) measurements of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function with symptoms and signs of female pelvic organ prolapse (FPOP) to determine a possible association. METHODS: We analysed data from 726 women with a mean age of 56 (SD 13.7, range 18-88) years, seen for symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction between August 2011 and April 2013. The examination included a standardised interview and clinical assessment of FPOP with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) measurements, Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) grading and 4D TLUS. RESULTS: Symptoms of prolapse were reported in 51.4% (373 out of 726) with a mean bother score of 5.8 (SD 2.91, range 0-10). A clinically significant POP (Incontinence Society [ICS]-POP-Q stage ≥ 2) in any compartment was diagnosed in 77.1%. Mean MOS was 2.4 (SD 1.1, range 0-5). Significant POP on TLUS was seen in 54.6% (389 out of 712). TLUS volumes at rest and on maximal PFM contraction were analysed on a desktop PC, to assess the degree of bladder neck (BN) cranioventral shift and levator antero-posterior (AP) diameter reduction, blinded against other data. Mean cranioventral BN shift was 7.11 (SD 4.36, range 0.32-25.32) mm and mean levator AP diameter reduction was 8.6 (SD 4.8, range 0.3-31.3) mm. MOS was strongly associated with subjective and objective POP (P ≤ 0.001), whereas this was not true for TLUS measurements of tissue displacement. CONCLUSION: The MOS seems to be a more valid measure of PFM function than sonographically determined BN displacement or reduction of hiatal AP diameter observed on PFM contraction.
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Diafragma Pélvico/diagnóstico por imagen , Diafragma Pélvico/fisiopatología , Prolapso de Órgano Pélvico/diagnóstico , Prolapso de Órgano Pélvico/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Palpación , Diafragma Pélvico/patología , Prolapso de Órgano Pélvico/complicaciones , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Ultrasonografía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: There are large variations in reported frequency of recurrence and subsequent treatment after pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery. We hypothesized that native tissue repair entails high subjective satisfaction and good objective results, with low POP reoperation rates and few complications. METHODS: The 1-year results of 699 women having had native tissue repair for POP at our urogynecological unit from 2002 to 2005 were evaluated using an internal quality control database. A short-form physician check list for patient subjective and objective outcomes has been routinely used for 1-year controls since 2002, and results are registered longitudinally in the database. Patients' medical records up to 2012 were reviewed for information on recurrent POP symptoms. A telephone interview was performed to assess POP recurrences potentially treated elsewhere. The cumulative incidence for reoperation was calculated comparing partial with complete (surgical treatment of all three compartments) native tissue repairs. RESULTS: Subjective satisfaction was stated by 94 % of patients at the 1-year control, and 84 % had stage 0-I in any compartment using the POP Quantification (POP-Q) system. The 5-year reoperation rate was significantly lower in the complete vs. the partial (2.6 % vs. 8.9 %) repair group. Cumulative incidence of reoperation showed a slight but constant increase over the years. CONCLUSIONS: POP surgery using native tissue repair entails low reoperation rates with excellent subjective and objective results and should be the first choice in treating primary POP, providing use of adequate surgical technique.