RESUMEN
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of automated fundus screening software in detecting eye diseases by comparing the reported results against those given by human experts. Results: There were 1585 subjects who completed the procedure and yielded qualified images. The prevalence of referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR), glaucoma suspect (GCS), and referable macular diseases (RMD) were 20.4%, 23.2%, and 49.0%, respectively. The overall sensitivity values for RDR, GCS, and RMD diagnosis are 0.948 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.918-0.967), 0.891 (95% CI, 0.855-0.919), and 0.901 (95% CI-0.878, 0.920), respectively. The overall specificity values for RDR, GCS, and RMD diagnosis are 0.954 (95% CI, 0.915-0.965), 0.993 (95% CI-0.986, 0.996), and 0.955 (95% CI-0.939, 0.968), respectively. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 1743 subjects at seven hospitals throughout China. At each hospital, an operator records the subjects' information, takes fundus images, and submits the images to the Image Reading Center of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University (IRC). The IRC grades the images according to the study protocol. Meanwhile, these images will also be automatically screened by the artificial intelligence algorithm. Then, the analysis results of automated screening algorithm are compared against the grading results of IRC. The end point goals are lower bounds of 95% CI of sensitivity values that are greater than 0.85 for all three target diseases, and lower bounds of 95% CI of specificity values that are greater than 0.90 for RDR and 0.85 for GCS and RMD. Conclusions: Automated fundus screening software demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting RDR, GCS, and RMD from color fundus imaged captured using various cameras. Translational Relevance: These findings suggest that automated software can improve the screening effectiveness for eye diseases, especially in a primary care context, where experienced ophthalmologists are scarce.
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Inteligencia Artificial , Oftalmopatías , Algoritmos , Fondo de Ojo , Humanos , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
The activation of ABL tyrosine kinase in BCR/ABL-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) leads to a diversity of biological changes related to the pathogenesis of the disease. In CML patients, we determined the expression of growth factor independence-1 (Gfi1), a transcription repressor with weak oncogenic activity. Our data demonstrated that the Gfi1 mRNA level in both the mononuclear cells and purified CD34(+) cells from CML were significantly higher as measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Using flow cytometry and Western blot, we also showed that the Gfi1 protein content was increased in CML CD34(+) cells. The expression of Gfi1 was correlated with BCR/ABL significantly. Gfi1 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of CML and can serve as a potential target for the management of the disease.
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Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Benzamidas , Crisis Blástica/genética , Crisis Blástica/metabolismo , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Expresión Génica , Genes abl , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/inmunología , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/inmunología , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/terapia , Leucemia Mieloide de Fase Acelerada/genética , Leucemia Mieloide de Fase Acelerada/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide de Fase Crónica/genética , Leucemia Mieloide de Fase Crónica/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/inmunología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Piperazinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , ARN Neoplásico/genética , ARN Neoplásico/metabolismo , Trasplante de Células MadreRESUMEN
The aim of study was to establish the packaging system of the recombinant lentiviral vector encoding Gfi1 gene for eukaryotic expression and to realize the efficient, stable expression of Gfi1 32D cells so as to provide effective platform for further studying the development of Gfi1 gene in hematologic malignancies. The three-plasmid recombinant lentiviral vector consisting of transfer plasmid (pLOX-Gfi1/pLOX), the packaging plasmid (pCMVDeltaR8.2) and the envelop plasmid (pMD.G) was prepared and purified. Human embryonic kidney 293T cells were cotransfected with the three plasmids by lipofectamine 2000. After transfection for 48 hours, the viral supernatant was collected and the target cell 32D was transfected with the recombinant lentivirus; the Gfi1 integration and expression in 293T and 32D cells were detected by Western-blot. The results showed that the three plasmids of lentivirus could be transfected into 293T with high efficiency and packaged successfully, and the Gfi1 protein could be detected by fluorescent microscopy. The recombinant lentiviruses carrying Gfi1 could transfer and deliver Gfi1 gene to 32D cells, and the Gfi1 expression in 293T and 32D cell could be detected by Western blot. It is concluded that the recombinant lentivirus carrying Gfi1 can deliver target gene to 32D cells with high efficiency, and the expression of Gfi1 protein is stable in 32D.