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The inclusion of women psychologists in arenas of academic and professional recognition has been a slow and often invisible process. This study seeks to highlight the scientific contributions of six women psychologists classified as eminent during the twentieth century (Haggbloom et al., Review of General Psychology, 6(2), 139-152, 2002) and the contexts in which they developed. Applying a historiographic and bibliometric approach, we analyzed biographical data and scientific contributions by reviewing the Web of Science, Scopus and APA PsycNet databases. The results show the broad contributions of the six psychologists to the field of psychology in the areas of experimental psychology, childhood and memory. We discuss the importance of rendering visible and overcoming the epistemic injustices to which women in psychology are subject, as well as the resistance and strategies many of them used to confront the structural limitations of this environment.

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Resumen El presente artículo analiza el estado actual de la psicología del desarrollo en Colombia. El punto de partida es la producción académica más significativa de los grupos de investigación, registrada en el Sistema Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Colombia (ScienTI) en las últimas tres décadas. La revisión documental se organizó a partir de las principales áreas de trabajo identificadas: desarrollo en contextos de pobreza, desarrollo cognitivo, relaciones vinculares, desarrollo afectivo y emocional, desarrollo moral, psicología cultural del desarrollo y desarrollos atípicos. Se identificaron 44 grupos de investigación que aportan al campo de la psicología del desarrollo desde diferentes ámbitos teóricos, conceptuales y metodológicos. Cada uno de estos grupos brinda sus aportes desde diferentes regiones del país y en distintos segmentos de la población, en los que se destaca una preocupación por poblaciones en contextos de pobreza y violencia, respondiendo así a la situación del país. Algunos de esos estudios han contribuido a la identificación de factores protectores en poblaciones vulnerables y al fortalecimiento de bases seguras en familias, así como en la formulación de políticas públicas a favor de la niñez colombiana.

Abstract This paper analyzes the current state of developmental psychology in Colombia. The starting point is the most significant academic production of research groups, registered in the National System of Science and Technology of Colombia in the last three decades. The documentary review was organized according to the main areas of work identified: development in contexts of poverty, cognitive development, bonding relationships, affective and emotional development, moral development, cultural psychology of development and atypical developments. Forty-four research groups have been identified that contribute to the field of developmental psychology from different theoretical, conceptual, and methodological fields. Each of these groups provides their contributions from different regions of the country and in different segments of the population, in which a concern for populations in contexts of poverty and violence stands out, thus responding to the situation of the country. Some of these studies have contributed to the identification of protective factors in vulnerable populations and to the strengthening of safe bases in families, as well as to the formulation of public policies in favor of Colombian children.

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Abstract The study traces the historical elements that have influenced the development of political-critical thinking in Colombian Psychology. Four historical periods have been identified and discussed: The intellectual colonialism of Colombian Psychology (1947-1960); the social Psychiatry in the years of La comisión [The commission] (1961-1980); the community Psychology and the coexistence (1980-1991); and the psychosocial studies after recent peace processes between government and armed groups (1991-2018). Colombian political Psychology did not follow a homogeneous and linear development. The reality experienced by Colombians during more than five decades of armed conflict required Psychology to abandon the direct paths of politics and opt for psychosocial studies that promise to be the most radical heirs of a generation of Latin American critical thinking as represented by Ignacio Martín-Baró, Maritza Montero and Silvia Lane.

Resumen El estudio rastrea los elementos históricos que han influido en el desarrollo del pensamiento político-crítico en la psicología colombiana. Se identifican y discuten cuatro periodos históricos: el colonialismo intelectual de la psicología colombiana (1947-1960); la psiquiatría social en los años de La Comisión (1961-1980); la psicología comunitaria y la convivencia (1980-1991); y, finalmente, los estudios psicosociales tras los recientes procesos de paz entre el Gobierno y los grupos armados (1991-2018). La psicología política colombiana no siguió un desarrollo homogéneo y lineal. La realidad vivida por los colombianos durante más de cinco décadas de conflicto armado exigió que la psicología abandonara los caminos directos de la política y optara por los estudios psicosociales que prometen ser los herederos más radicales de una generación de pensamiento crítico latinoamericano representada por Ignacio Martín-Baró, Maritza Montero y Silvia Lane.

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This article aims to show how the scientific realism proposed by the philosopher Evandro Agazzi contributes to the epistemological development of social discursive psychology. To do this, the debates led by Ian Parker and John Greenwood in the early 1990s about scientific and critical realism are addressed. In this debate, the limits of naive empiricism and discursive idealism, which began to predominate in discursive social psychology, are highlighted. Evandro Agazzi's assumptions about scientific realism are then presented to account for the contributions of scientific realism to the epistemological development of discursive social psychology.

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Resumen El objetivo de la formación doctoral es la generación y difusión de nuevo conocimiento, sin embargo, no es claro cómo los programas de doctorado en Colombia se relacionan con este tipo de producción académica. A partir de ello, en el presente estudio se presenta el panorama general de la producción académica a través de las instituciones de educación superior colombianas que ofertan programas de formación doctoral en psicología. La producción académica se obtuvo de la base de datos Scopus en una muestra de 13 universidades. Tras una búsqueda inicial, se encontraron 1345 documentos, con los cuales se realizó un análisis de los indicadores de productividad y de las redes de colaboración al interior de la disciplina en el país. Posteriormente, esta información se contrastó con la información nacional registrada en el sistema de Curriculum Vitae Latinoamericano y del Caribe (CvLAC) de 193 profesores asociados a las universidades que ofertan los programas de doctorado. Al comparar la producción académica nacional e internacional, se encontró una mayor correlación entre la dirección de tesis de posgrado y la publicación en revistas nacionales. Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que el impacto de la formación doctoral en la generación de nuevo conocimiento es relativo y tiene un alcance limitado, siendo principalmente las revistas nacionales el medio de difusión de este conocimiento. Se recomienda evaluar el impacto de los productos asociados a la formación posgradual y la visibilidad internacional, con énfasis en las revistas indexadas en bases de datos internacionales.

Abstract The objective of doctoral training is the generation and dissemination of new knowledge; however, it is not clear how doctoral programs in Colombia relate to this type of production. Based on this, this study presents the general panorama of academic production across Colombian higher education institutions that offer doctoral training programs in psychology. The academic production was obtained from the Scopus database in a sample of 13 universities. After this search, 1345 documents were found with which an analysis was made regarding productivity indicators and the collaboration networks within the discipline in the country were identified. Subsequently, this information was contrasted with the national information registered in the Latin American and Caribbean Curriculum Vitae system (CvLAC) of 193 professors associated with the universities offering doctoral programs. As a result, when comparing national and international academic production, a greater correlation is found between the supervision of graduate theses and publication in national journals. In this sense, it is found that the impact of doctoral training on the generation of new knowledge is relative and has a limited scope, being mainly national journals the means of dissemination of this knowledge. It is recommended to evaluate the impact of products associated with postgraduate training and international visibility, with emphasis on indexed journals in international databases.

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Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio correlacional sobre los controles y las mediaciones parentales frente al uso de internet por niños, niñas y adolescentes colombianos. Se trata de la encuesta EU Kids Online que fue aplicada en el año 2010 en 25 países europeos y, posteriormente, en Brasil en 2013 y en Chile en 2016. En el presente estudio, le encuesta fue adaptada y validada para la población colombiana mediante un panel de expertos y entrevistas cognitivas a usuarios. Se conformó una muestra estratificada y no probabilística de 303 estudiantes de ambos sexos de colegios públicos y privados, con edades entre 9 y 17 años y uno de sus padres o cuidadores, habitantes de 11 ciudades del país, quienes respondieron a los tres instrumentos de KidsOnline, una encuesta autoaplicada, otra dirigida a los estudiantes, y una tercera dirigida a los padres o cuidadores. Los resultados muestran relaciones entre el control parental y un menor tiempo de conexión a internet por parte de los hijos: el control del padre está relacionado con menor presencia de conductas adictivas a internet y al celular y, por el contrario, una relación autoritaria con la madre está relacionada con mayor presencia de conductas de riesgo en los hijos y específicamente, en el uso de internet. Además, las habilidades digitales de los padres son las que mejor están asociadas con una mediación activa, que los involucra más en las actividades digitales de sus hijos.

Abstract Nowadays, parents must develop strategies to accompany their children in the use of digital technologies. The reason for this is that the internet is a social space. Online life offers possibilities for individual and social development, but it also promotes the emergence of new risks such as sexting, cyberbullying, and cyber dependence. There are two ways parents can guide their children: parental mediation and parental control. Parental mediation is the set of actions that parents take to manage the use and consumption of the media by their sons and daughters. There are three types of parental mediation: restrictive mediation, permissive mediation, and active mediation. In this context, this research aims to correlate mediation and parental control strategies with their use of the internet for children and adolescents. The EU Kids Online survey was used to achieve this goal. This questionnaire was adapted for the Colombian population through expert review and cognitive validation to children and adolescents in Medellin, Cali, and Cartagena (Colombia). The adaptation followed the procedures and standards of Kids Online Brasil and Kids Online Chile. The stratified and non-probabilistic sample consisted of 303 children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years from ten cities in Colombia. The results indicate that the more parental control, the shorter the child connection time. Whether it's behavioral or psychological control. While the greater the psychological control of the mother, the greater the presence of addictive behaviors of children and adolescents to the internet and cell phone. Besides, the more psychological control of the mother, the more risky behaviors the children assume. Conversely, if the mother performs greater behavioral control, the presence of risky behaviors in the child is less. Also, restrictive control of internet use has a higher relationship with a lower presence of general risk behaviors and lower risks assumed by children on the internet. This was also related to high rates of restrictive mediation by parents. As conclusions, it is possible to say that any type of control that parents exercise over their children's use of the internet (restrictive, co-visioned or technical) is related to shorter connection time and less cell phone addiction. Besides, a conflicting relationship with the mother increases the addictive behaviors of the internet and the smartphone. Especially when the kind of control the mother exerts is psychological. Whereas, if the mother exerts greater behavioral control, the presence of risky behaviors in the child is less. This research could serve as the basis for the design and implementation of psychoeducational training programs for parents and caregivers aimed at developing effective parental mediation skills and strategies to guide children and adolescents in their use of digital technologies. Also, the findings of this study could lay the scientific basis for the presentation of social projects that impact public policies on the responsible and healthy use of the internet. Moreover, when Colombia has a Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies and media outreach strategies on ICT care. Finally, researches done in psychology about this topic are limited in Latin America. For this reason, the findings of this work are a significant step forward on the explanation of ITC use in the region from a disciplinary point of view. This article seeks to encourage researchers to continue to advance their knowledge of the relationships between parental mediation and the use of the internet by children and adolescents.

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This article analyzes some publications of Ernestina Pérez Barahona (1865-1951), the second Chilean and Latin American female physician. It exposes her concern for the public health and, more precisely, for the problem of the Chilean race. She constantly refers to hygiene in her conferences, articles and books published between 1887 and 1920. Thus, the aim of this review is to recover her production and to inform the readers about her intervention as a medical professional.

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This article analyzes some publications of Ernestina Pérez Barahona (1865-1951), the second Chilean and Latin American female physician. It exposes her concern for the public health and, more precisely, for the problem of the Chilean race. She constantly refers to hygiene in her conferences, articles and books published between 1887 and 1920. Thus, the aim of this review is to recover her production and to inform the readers about her intervention as a medical professional.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología (RLP) journal in commemoration of its fiftieth anniversary in order to discover its evolution as a journal and its scientific production. We extracted a dataset from the Web of Science's principal collection from 1975 to 2017. This contained a total sample of 2,163 scientific documents, which were processed using Excel and SciMat programmes. The bibliometric indicators used were H-Classics, TC2, identification of the most commonly cited authors and journals, and references. We used Lotka's Law to analyse research productivity. Results showed that the content included 48.6% scientific articles and 42.1% book reviews. Spain had the highest number of articles published. Burrhus Skinner, Rubén Ardila, Rogelio Díaz Guerrero, and Albert Bandura were the most commonly cited authors. Analyses revealed certain strengths of and challenges faced by the RLP. Future research should compare these results with journals from other countries.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis bibliométrico de la Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología (RLP) en el marco del cincuentenario de su creación con el propósito de conocer la evolución de la revista y su producción científica. Se construyó una base de datos extraída de la colección principal de la Web of Science del período 1975-2017 con una muestra total de 2.163 documentos científicos, los cuales fueron procesados con los programas Excel y SciMAT. Se aplicaron una serie de indicadores bibliométricos, tales como H-Classics, TC2, identificación de principales autores y revistas citantes, y también de las referencias. Además, se estudió la Ley de Lotka para estudiar la concentración de la productividad. En los resultados se destaca que 48.6% de los documentos son artículos científicos y 42.1% son reseñas de libros; España es el país con más artículos asociados. Finalmente, cabe destacar que los autores más referenciados son Buhrrus Skinner, Rubén Ardila, Rogelio Díaz Guerrero y Albert Bandura. El análisis permite visualizar algunas de las fortalezas y desafíos de la RLP. Sería interesante en futuros estudios realizar comparaciones con revistas de otros países.

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En este trabajo se aborda la variabilidad a través de la clasificación y las coordinaciones inferenciales. Participaron 34 niños de cuatro años de edad que asisten a seis jardines infantiles de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). Se utilizó una tarea que implica el uso de hasta cinco criterios de clasificación. Se empleó el método microgenético para obtener datos detallados sobre aspectos cualitativos y cuantitativos de cambio. Para cuantificar las variaciones de los desempeños, se recurrió a las matrices de transición (derivadas de los modelos de Markov). Los resultados arrojan tres tipos de variabilidad (patrones) que responden a diferentes usos de la clasificación y diferentes niveles de coordinación inferencial. Se concluye que la variabilidad es la evidencia de los desequilibrios cognitivos.

This paper emphasizes the study of cognitive variability across classification and inferential coordinations. Thirty-four children (4-years-old) participated in this study who attends six kindergartens in the city of Cali-Colombia. We used a task involving the use of up to five classification criteria. A microgenetic method was used to obtain the detailed data on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of change. To quantify changes in performance we used transition matrix (derived from Markov models). The results show three types of variability (patterns) which respond to different classification criteria and the use of different levels of inferential coordination. We conclude that the variability is the evidence of cognitive imbalances and those types of variability reflect different organizational dynamics.

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Se estudian las publicaciones científicas de autores colombianos, en el ámbito nacional e internacional, en la disciplina de la psicología (4,036 artículos y 1,084 capítulos de libros referenciados en GrupLAC), a partir de algunos índices bibliométricos. Los resultados muestran un crecimiento exponencial de publicaciones en psicología durante el periodo 2000-2010, lo que evidencia que en Colombia esta disciplina empieza a transitar los pasos de una ciencia, además de comportarse como una profesión. A pesar del avance, se identificaron datos precarios de publicaciones en inglés y bajos índices de colaboración entre grupos, lo que corresponde a debilidades que necesitan superarse para poder continuar con el avance de la psicología como ciencia.

The article reviews and analyzes 4,036 articles and 1,084 book chapters by Colombian authors published in domestic and international psychology journals reported in GrupLAC, an application used by the Colombian Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation to measure academic productivity. Results show an exponential growth in publications between 2000 and 2010, which suggests that apart from being a professional career, psychology is on its way to establishing itself as a scientific discipline in Colombia. Despite undeniable advances, data gathered from the study showed few publications in English and limited collaborative work among groups. These areas need to be addressed in order for psychology in Colombia to continue growing steadily as a science.

Estudam-se as publicações científicas de autores colombianos no âmbito nacional e internacional, na disciplina da psicologia (4,036 artigos e 1,084 capítulos de livros referenciados no GrupLAC), a partir de alguns índices bibliométricos. Os resultados mostram um crescimento exponencial de publicações em psicologia durante o período 2000-2010, o que evidencia que, na Colômbia, esta disciplina começa a dar os passos de uma ciência, além de se comportar como uma profissão. Apesar do avanço, identificaram-se dados precários de publicações em inglês e baixos índices de colaboração entre grupos, o que corresponde a debilidades que precisam ser superadas para poder continuar com o avanço da psicologia como ciência.

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El objeto de este artículo es tomar como referencia el modelo depredador-presa de Lotka y Volterra para abordar el funcionamiento cognitivo, particularmente la clasificación como operación mental. Se utiliza la regresión logística y se determina un modelo de funcionamiento de la clasificación en niños de cuatro años de edad. Los resultados apuntan a un funcionamiento no lineal de la clasificación. Los desempeños sugieren un punto de equilibrio entre la cantidad de preguntas que el niño hace y las operaciones mentales que debe desplegar para coordinar dicha información.

The purpose of this paper is to refer to the Lotka-Volterra model (predator-prey) in order to address cognitive functioning and particularly classification as a mental operation. Logistic regression is used and a model is determined for explaining classification functioning in children four years old. Results show evidence pointing to an on linear function of classification. The children’s performance suggests a balance between the number of questions that the child makes and the mental operations that he must display to coordinate such information.

O objeto deste artigo é tomar como referencia o modelo predador-presa de Lotka e Volterra para abordar o funcionamento cognitivo, particularmente a classificação como operação mental. Utiliza-se a regressão logística e se determina um modelo de funcionamento da classificação em crianças de quatro anos de idade. Os resultados apontam a um funcionamento não linear da classificação. Os desempenhos sugerem um ponto de equilíbrio entre a quantidade de perguntas que a criança faz e as operações mentais que deve realizar para coordenar essa informação.

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Los procesos inferenciales de niños de cuatro años de edad son observados utilizando una tarea de coordinación de hasta cinco criterios de clasificación. Se encontraron tres tipos de razonamientos probabilísticos: adivinanza (37,8%), transicional (22,2%) resolutorio (40%). La búsqueda tipo adivinanza es el esbozo de una relación entre "búsqueda espacial" y reducción del espacio muestral sobre la base de las acciones concretas (intervenciones) aplicadas directamente a la tarea. La búsqueda tipo transicional es un laboratorio de experimentación que le permite al niño observar la relación entre las intervenciones y el resultado de dichas acciones donde se agencia una probabilidad condicional intra-variable. La búsqueda tipo resolutorio cristaliza una coordinación que implica operaciones clasificatorias con niveles sofisticados de abstracción porque se demanda la intersección de dos o más variables.

Inferential processes in four year old children are observed using a task that involves coordinating up to five classification criteria. Three types of probabilistic reasoning were found : riddle (37.8%), transitional (22.2%) and solving (40%). The riddle search type is the outline of a relationship between "space search" and sample space reduction based on individual concrete actions (interventions) applied directly to the task. The transitional search type is an experimental laboratory that allows the child to observe the relationship between interventions and the outcome of those actions where an intra-variable conditional probability is generated. The solving search type crystallizes a coordination that involves classification operations with sophisticated levels of abstraction since they demand the intersection of two or more variables.

Os processos inferenciais de crianças de quatro anos são observadas através de uma tarefa de coordenação de até cinco critérios de classificação. Encontramos três tipos de raciocínio probabilístico: adivinhança (37,8%), de transição (22,2%), resolutório (40%). A pesquisa tipo adivinhança é o esboço de uma relação entre "pesquisa espacial" e redução do espaço da amostra com base em ações concretas (operações) aplicadas diretamente para a tarefa. A pesquisa do tipo de transição é um laboratório de experimentação que permite a criança observar a relação entre as intervenções e os resultados destas ações, onde se agencia uma probabilidade condicional intravariável. O tipo de pesquisa resolutório cristaliza uma coordenação que envolve operações classificatórias com níveis de abstração sofisticados, já que se exige a interseção de duas ou mais variáveis.

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Este artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una ilustración del método microgenético, en los estudios del funcionamiento cognitivo y dentro de una aproximación propia2. Se aprovecha alguna evidencia empírica de funcionamientos cognitivos en niños y niñas de tres años, obtenida en situaciones de resolución de problemas3 que involucran la inferencia espacial.

This article has as objective to offer an illustration of the microgenetic method, in the studies of the cognitive performance and inside an own approach. For such an effect, an analysis of the related empiric evidence the cognitive performance is developed in children and three year-old girls, which has been obtained in situations of resolution of problems that involve the space inference

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