RESUMEN
The paper describes devices used to examine motor functions in preschool children, methods of examinations and presents their results. Instrumental indices of the development of large and small motility in preschool children and objective criteria for the efficiency of stimulant therapy are proposed. It is shown that the devices for examination of motor functions may be successfully used to train coordination functions of a child and to correct static motor and ocular motor performance.
Asunto(s)
Ataxia/diagnóstico , Parálisis Cerebral/diagnóstico , Actividad Motora , Examen Físico/instrumentación , Factores de Edad , Ataxia/fisiopatología , Ataxia/terapia , Parálisis Cerebral/fisiopatología , Parálisis Cerebral/terapia , Niño , Preescolar , Movimientos Oculares , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Examen Físico/métodos , Postura , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
Computed tomography (CT) morphometry of the brain in preschool children in the critical period reflects the dynamic process of the brain formation, multidirectional laterality of the hemispheres. Close relationships between neuropsychological and CT results demonstrate general tendency of the neuro-ontogenetic process comprising reciprocal interaction of functional activity and structural arrangement of the brain compartments.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Envejecimiento/patología , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/patología , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/psicología , Encéfalo/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Dominancia Cerebral , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , NeuropsicologíaRESUMEN
A case of Raynaud's disease in a 2-year-old child seen by the authors for 1.5 yr. is described. The paper treats of the basic reported data on the pathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and disease; the child's disease history and the main clinical manifestations are described as are the results of examinations. The case is characterized by successful counteracting the main clinical manifestations of Raynaud's phenomenon by the local metameric application of cerebrolysin (neuromeric, scleromeric puncturing) employed by the authors for the first time for the disease treatment. Interpretation of the effect obtained is briefed.
Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/administración & dosificación , Dedos/irrigación sanguínea , Enfermedad de Raynaud/tratamiento farmacológico , Vasodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Arterias/diagnóstico por imagen , Arterias/efectos de los fármacos , Arterias/fisiopatología , Preescolar , Humanos , Inyecciones Intraarteriales , Masculino , Enfermedad de Raynaud/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Raynaud/fisiopatología , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
The authors analyze the current methods of the diagnosis and prediction of perinatal CNS lesions in neonates and infants. Emphasize the importance of revealing non-gross, even minimum manifestations. Provide evidence for the diagnostic and prognostic information content of the elaborated dynamic approach to the assessment of the neonates' neurological status. Relate the technique of an electroneuromyographic examination of neonates of the first hours and days of life. Analyze the results of echo-encephaloscopic examination of neonates. Distinguish new biochemical markers of perinatal CNS lesions.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/diagnóstico , Servicios de Salud del Niño/organización & administración , Biomarcadores/sangre , Encefalopatías/sangre , Encefalopatías/congénito , Preescolar , Ecoencefalografía , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Ácidos Siálicos/sangreRESUMEN
A total of 124 preschool children aged 5 to 6 years attending kindergartens or placed into children's homes were subjected to neurologic and neuropsychologic examinations. The alterations revealed were inconclusive and of various kinds. On the one hand, they were characterized by an increase by 5 to 6 years of age in the frequency of the minimal signs of pyramidal and cerebellar failure and of the phenomenon of mirror movements and writing. On the other hand, those alterations were marked by improved readings of the higher psychic functions. On electroneuromyography the interage differences were confirmed by a decrease of the motosensory ratio in children aged 5 years as compared to those aged 4 and 6 years. The alterations described were given the name of the "functional turn" which as the most important stage in the critical preschool period includes both progressive evolutionary jump and functional unbalance associated with rearrangement of the functions of the body or a system.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Infantil , Preescolar , Crecimiento , Niño , Humanos , Examen Neurológico , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
The authors conducted a neurologic, electromyographic and electroneuromyographic investigation in 64 preschool children in a children's home. Subtle static-motor deficit was detected in 79.7% of the children. Major clinico-electroneuromyographic differences were found in 5- vs 6-year old children that were regarded as a functional shift reflecting both the new practical skills formation and a temporary imbalance in motor functional mechanisms at all integration levels.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Psicomotores/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Ganglios Basales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Ganglios Basales/fisiopatología , Niño , Preescolar , Electromiografía , Humanos , Examen Neurológico , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/fisiopatología , Trastornos Psicomotores/fisiopatología , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Neurological and neuropsychological examination of 60 children (aged 5-6 years) from day-care centers has made it possible to identify a group of children at risk in relation to school disadaptation (31.7%). Minimum pyramidal, extrapyramidal, or mixed insufficiency was observed in 28.3% of children. An analysis of the severity of disorders of higher mental functions in "high risk" children has helped differentiate three forms of minimum cerebral dysfunction. The authors have outlined the perspectives of the corrective purposeful therapy in each of the forms.