RESUMEN
Exhausted sugar beet cossettes (ESBC) show an enormous potential as a source of sugars for the production of bio-products. Enzyme hydrolysis with the combined effect of mainly cellulases, xylanases and pectinases, turned out to be very efficient, obtaining almost double the concentration of sugars measured with the sole action of Celluclast® and ß-glucosidase, and increasing 5 times the hydrolysis rate. As the sole pretreatment, ESBC soaked in the hydrolysis buffer were autoclaved, avoiding the application of severe conventional biomass pretreatments. Moreover, a promising alternative for the complete utilization of glucose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and maltose contained in ESBC is proposed in this paper. It consists of sequential fermentation of sugars released in the hydrolysis step to produce bioethanol and lactic acid as main bio-products. Compared to separate fermentations, with this strategy glucose and hemicellulose derived sugars were completely consumed and the 44% of pectin derived sugars.
Asunto(s)
Beta vulgaris , Biomasa , Eliminación de Residuos/métodos , Beta vulgaris/química , Beta vulgaris/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Carbohidratos/análisis , Carbohidratos/química , Fermentación , Hidrólisis , beta-Glucosidasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The therapeutic effectiveness of a benfotiamine (CAS 22457-89-2)-vitamin B combination (Milgamma-N), administered in high (4 x 2 capsules/day, = 320 mg benfotiamine/day) and medium doses (3 x 1 capsules/day), was compared to a monotherapy with benfotiamine (Benfogamma) (3 x 1 tablets/day, = 150 mg benfotiamine/day) in diabetic patients suffering from painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy (DNP). In a 6-week open clinical trial, 36 patients (aged 40 to 70 yrs) having acceptable metabolic control (HbA1c < 8.0%) were randomly assigned to three groups, each of them comprising 12 participants. Neuropathy was assessed by five parameters: the pain sensation (evaluated by a modified analogue visual scale), the vibration sensation (measured with a tuning fork using the Riedel-Seyfert method) and the current perception threshold (CPT) on the peroneal nerve at 3 frequencies: 5, 250 and 2000 Hz). Parameters were registered at the beginning of the study and at the end of the 3rd and 6th week of therapy. An overall bneneficial therapeutic effect on the neuropathy status was observed in all three groups during the study, and a significant improvement in most of the parameters studied appeared already at the 3rd week of therapy (p < 0.01). The greatest change occurred in the group of patients receiving the high dose of benfotiamine (p < 0.01 and 0.05, resp., compared to the othr groups). Metabolic control did not change over the study. It is concluded that benfotiamine is most effective in large doses, although even in smaller daily dosages, either in combination or in monotherapy, it is effective.
Asunto(s)
Quelantes/administración & dosificación , Quelantes/uso terapéutico , Neuropatías Diabéticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiamina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Anciano , Glucemia/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangre , Neuropatías Diabéticas/complicaciones , Femenino , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor/etiología , Dimensión del Dolor , Umbral del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Tiamina/administración & dosificación , Tiamina/uso terapéutico , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
Fatty acid composition of breast milk from 250 Hungarian women being 1, 3 and 6 months post partum was studied. It was shown that the fatty acid composition of mature breast milk does not vary greatly with the length of lactation. Data from women with different education levels and places of residence were found similar, suggesting similarities in the dietary habits of Hungarian women. Fatty acid levels in human milk did not show significant seasonal variation. The content of linoleic acid (expressed as g/l and percent of total energy) was calculated in relation to the length of lactation. Fatty acid composition of Hungarian milk-based formulas (Robebi A, Robebi B and Linolac) was also studied and compared to the mean composition of milk from 250 mothers. The results indicated differences in the contents of most saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and confirmed the finding that even the most carefully adapted formulas cannot substitute human milk.