RESUMEN
Abstract The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the radiological features of long bones in synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome and to correlate these with the clinical findings. Eleven long bone lesions in seven cases of SAPHO syndrome were examined. The patients ranged in age from 6 to 63 years, with a mean of 47 years. In all seven cases, radiography, (99m)technetium bone scintigraphy, CT scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. In six of the cases, bone biopsy and bone culture were carried out for 7 long bones. Seven of the involved lesions were from the shaft of the femur, one each was from the neck and the shaft of the humerus, and one was from the proximal tibia. These lesions showed radiologically hyperostosis, osteolysis, and bone infarction-like lesion. Osteolysis was occasionally accompanied by sclerotic change. Hyperostosis usually showed diaphyseal involvement, presenting low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted MR images. Histologically, these findings corresponded to massive bone necrosis, new bone formation, fibrosis, or a mixture of these associated with mild inflammatory cell infiltration. Osteolysis involved dyaphysis, metaphysis, or epiphysis associated with arthritis, and presented low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, nonhomogeneous signal intensity lower than fat on T2-weighted images, and high signal intensity on fat suppression images. These findings corresponded to fibrosis, granulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration with lymphocyte aggregation. Bone infarction-like lesion was observed in the shaft or neck of the femur and the humerus and accompanied by calcification and cystic change. Bone cultures were negative in all cases in which bone biopsy was performed. Although hyperostosis is thought to be a characteristic bone lesion in SAPHO syndrome, the long bone lesion can occasionally show not only hyperostosis but also osteolytsis and bone infarction-like lesions.
RESUMEN
Chondro-osseous differentiation of three benign or malignant fat tissue tumors--two chondrolipomas and a liposarcoma with cartilaginous metaplasia--was studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and compared with their pathological findings. The results suggest that demarcation of cartilage tissue can be clearly defined on MR imaging when the size of the cartilaginous area is large. Myxoid matrix, degenerative fat tissue and lipodystrophic change may decrease the delineation of the cartilage tissue.
Asunto(s)
Cartílago/patología , Liposarcoma/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Mesenquimoma/patología , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/patología , Biopsia , Nalgas , Femenino , Humanos , Pierna , Masculino , Metaplasia , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
We report a case of lipoblastoma in a 6-month-old girl with a new chromosomal aberration, 46, XX, der (2) add (2) (p23) del (2) (q33), add (8) (q1?). In addition to the patient's age and pathological features, aberration of long arm of chromosome 8 in lipoblastoma can assist the differential diagnosis from myxoid or well differentiated liposarcoma.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 8 , Lipoma/genética , Hombro , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/genética , Biopsia , Bandeo Cromosómico , Tejido Conectivo/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Cariotipificación , Lipoma/diagnóstico , Lipoma/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Hombro/patología , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/patologíaRESUMEN
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in the skeletal muscle is rare. A case of a 19-year-old female patient with an intramuscular forearm tumor showing a histopathologically overwhelming squamous element is presented. Microscopic examination revealed the classical features of SCC, including horn pearls, individual cell keratinization and intercellular bridge. A malignant spindle cell component was not detected. Neither evidence of another primary site nor skin lesion over the tumor was found and no metastatic lesion was detected in the 5 years since the appearance of the mass.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de los Músculos/patología , Actinas/análisis , Actinas/genética , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Axila , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Antebrazo/patología , Humanos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Ganglios Linfáticos/cirugía , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Mitomicina/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias de los Músculos/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de los Músculos/genética , Neoplasias de los Músculos/terapia , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/análisis , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Peplomicina/administración & dosificación , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , ARN Neoplásico/análisis , Cintigrafía , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vincristina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To determine the earliest findings, subsequent changes, and natural course of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 95 patients with osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum, 16 (mean age, 12.5 years) were selected for this retrospective study because they seemed to have early osteochondritis dissecans and had been followed up without any surgical treatment for 6 months or more (mean, 3.5 years). RESULTS: The initial imaging appearances of the 16 patients' lesions were divided into two types: localized subchondral bone flattening without fragments in seven, and nondisplaced fragments in nine. Patients with lesion flattening had younger ages and significantly shorter durations of symptoms, and most had open growth plates. In five of the seven with flattening, new bone formed over the flattened bone, and the fragments united after arm motion reduction. In contrast, patients with nondisplaced fragments at clinical presentation had longer durations of symptoms with continued arm motion, and their nondisplaced fragments failed to unite. CONCLUSION: The earliest feature of osteochondritis dissecans is subchondral bone flattening, over which new bone subsequently forms. The new bone then can unite with the underlying bone. However, if subjected to repetitive forces over a given time, unstable fragments develop. These fragments, even if not yet displaced, are unable to unite.
Asunto(s)
Húmero/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteocondritis Disecante/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Niño , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Radiografía , Estudios Retrospectivos , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
The effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on cell growth were studied in three human osteosarcoma cell lines, NOS-1, HuO9, and HuO-3N1; one human prostate cancer cell line, PC-3; and one human breast cancer cell line, OCUB-1M. The growth of these cell lines was not promoted by rhBMP-2 at concentrations of 50, 100, 250, and 500 ng/ml, as evaluated by colorimetric 3 (4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, the protein induced osteogenic differentiation, characterized by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased production of type I collagen and gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin in NOS-1 cells. The results of this study may suggest the feasibility of using rhBMP-2 for the reconstruction of bone defects caused by malignant tumors, although the data are still preliminary and require further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas/farmacología , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/farmacología , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 2 , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Osteocalcina/metabolismo , Osteosarcoma/patología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Procolágeno/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Experiments were designed to determine the in vivo cell-cycle phase of lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid follicles, and whether B-cell proliferation and apoptosis occur within follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-associated clusters. Using frozen serial sections of human tonsils, lymphoid follicles were stained to reveal histone H3 mRNA, as an S-phase marker, using in situ hybridization, and stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against cyclin E as a late G1 phase marker, cyclin B1 and p34cdc2 as S-G2-M phase markers, and Ki-67 as a marker of cycling cells. Each LF was divided into five zones: mantle zone, outer zone, apical light zone, basal light zone and dark zone, with the help of haematoxylin and eosin staining, and a CD23 immunostain. The rate of occurrence of positively labelled cells was calculated by dividing the number of positive cells by the number of all cells in each zone. The cells that were positive for cyclin E, histone H3 mRNA, cyclin B1, p34cdc2, and Ki-67 were found most frequently in the dark zone (54.5 +/- 6.6%, 22.0 +/- 5.7%, 36.7 +/- 14.5%, 40.0 +/- 10.2%, and 59.0 +/- 13.4%, respectively), followed by the outer zone (52.7 +/- 7.8%, 14.9 +/- 4.1%, 22.9 +/- 9.7%, 24.9 +/- 7.9%, and 44.6 +/- 12.3%, respectively), showing that both the outer zone and the dark zone contain many proliferating lymphocytes. Furthermore, FDC-associated clusters and free lymphocytes were obtained from enucleated germinal centres, using enzymatic digestion. The rates of occurrence of cells that were positive for cyclin B1 and Ki-67 within the clusters (7.2 +/- 1.9% and 37.9 +/- 10.5% respectively) were significantly lower than those of free lymphocytes outside the clusters (22.2 +/- 4.0% and 62.8 +/- 14.0%, respectively). The rates of occurrence of apoptotic bodies and cells within the clusters, as detected by in situ tailing or in situ nick translation (0.2 +/- 0.4% and 0.4 +/- 0.4%, respectively) were significantly lower than those outside the clusters (1.1 +/- 0.3, 1.6 +/- 0.5%, respectively). These results suggest that FDC-associated clusters are not the site of proliferation, and that they rarely contain apoptotic bodies and cells of B lymphocytes.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/inmunología , Linfocitos B/citología , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Ciclo Celular/inmunología , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , División Celular/inmunología , Preescolar , Ciclinas/análisis , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Hibridación in Situ , Antígeno Ki-67/análisis , Tonsila Palatina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Recent immunohistochemical investigations of thyroid carcinomas have revealed that dense infiltration by dendritic cells (DCs) is correlated with a favorable prognosis. The present study was done to clarify the frequency and characteristics of DC infiltration in thyroid carcinomas, and also cytokines associated with DC maturation and migration. Compared with follicular carcinomas, papillary carcinomas contained significantly higher numbers of DCs, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-positive cells, and cells positive for two TNF-alpha receptors (p60 and p80). The centers of cancer nodules had large numbers of CD1a- and CD1c-positive DCs suggesting that they were Langerhans cells, whereas the periphery of cancer nodules and inflamed surrounding thyroid tissues had numerous CD1b-, L-M2- and X-12-positive DCs suggesting that they were interdigitating cells, as well as many CD1a- and CD1c-positive DCs. Neoplastic cells of papillary carcinomas were more frequently reactive with antibodies against IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha than those of follicular carcinomas, and a good correlation between their immunoreactivity and the frequency of DCs was found. These data suggest that cytokines such as IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha released from carcinoma cells and cells in the cancer stroma may regulate the infiltration and maturation of dendritic/Langerhans cells, and that this process may be better preserved in papillary than in follicular carcinomas.