RESUMEN
The U.S. mainland Puerto Rican population has experienced dramatic growth and geographic dispersion in recent decades. Once overwhelmingly concentrated in the Northeast, especially New York City, Puerto Rican populations have grown dramatically in newer destinations such as Orlando, Florida. While the implications of dispersion for status attainment have received significant scholarly attention for Latinos as a whole, variation across national origin groups are less well understood. Owing to their unique racial and socioeconomic composition and historical settlement patterns, the impact of dispersion on dimensions such as homeownership could be particularly important for Puerto Ricans, since it implies a dramatic change in housing and economic context. This paper draws on U.S. Census data to examine the impact of metropolitan context, including a typology of destination types that reflects dispersion patterns, on Puerto Rican homeownership. A central objective is evaluating how location shapes racial inequality within the group, as well as the homeownership gaps between Puerto Ricans and non-Latino White, non-Latino Black, and other Latino Americans. Results show that metropolitan context, including housing conditions, residential segregation, and type of co-ethnic community, helps explain inequality among Puerto Ricans and relative to other groups. Thus, dispersion not only boosts Puerto Rican homeownership overall, it also contributes to narrowing inequality between Puerto Ricans and others, and racial inequality among Puerto Ricans.
Asunto(s)
Hispánicos o Latinos , Vivienda , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Grupos Raciales , Ciudad de Nueva York , CensosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Homelessness is a major public health problem facing millions of youths across the United States (U.S.), with lesbian gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning (LGBTQ+) youths and youths of color being disproportionately at higher risk. This study obtains an understanding of the health and health-related social needs of youths experiencing homelessness during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: A total of 14 youths between the ages of 14 and 24 who (a) lived, worked, or attended school in New Britain, Connecticut (CT) and (b) had at least one experience of homelessness or housing insecurity worked with the research team to conduct a needs assessment regarding youth homelessness. Using photovoice, a community-based participatory research method, participants created photo narratives to share their stories and recommendations for community change. The main goals of photovoice are to enable participants to (1) record and represent their everyday realities; (2) promote critical dialogue and knowledge about person and community strengths and concerns; and (3) reach policy makers. RESULTS: Most of the participants identified as youths of color, and half of the participants identified as members of the LGBTQ+ community. Three major themes that appeared in the youths' narratives include the following: mental health and substance use challenges, trouble accessing basic human needs, and lack of a social support system. CONCLUSION: This study uplifts and empowers a vulnerable population to increase visibility around a major public health challenge from their own lived experiences. Despite the challenges that were voiced, many participants shared a sense of hope and resiliency. The major themes endorsed by the youths has the potential of informing practitioners and policy makers of how to better address the needs of youths experiencing homelessness, particularly those most at risk.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Homosexualidad Femenina , Personas con Mala Vivienda , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Adolescente , Adulto , Bisexualidad , Femenino , Personas con Mala Vivienda/psicología , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This review will assess the literature exploring facilitators, barriers, and strategies for the implementation of social determinants of health and social needs screening, referral to community resources, and follow-up in clinical settings and clinical training curricula in the United States. INTRODUCTION: Social determinants of health and social needs are a central cause of health inequity and poor health outcomes in the United States. Existing research primarily focuses on theoretical implications of social determinants of health on health outcomes, with a growing secondary focus on the development of screening tools that identify patients' specific unmet social needs. However, summative research has not yet focused on the barriers, facilitators, and strategies relating to the implementation of social determinants of health and social need screenings into routine clinical care. This scoping review aims to examine literature on the implementation of social determinants of health and social needs screening in clinical settings and clinical training curricula while also identifying gaps that require further exploration. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This review will include relevant studies examining the facilitators, barriers, and strategies for the implementation of social determinants of health and social needs screening, referral, and follow-up as they relate to human subjects. The literature must be in English from 2010 and focus on United States clinical health settings and curricula. METHODS: We will search PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases for relevant articles. Two independent reviewers will screen abstracts for eligibility. Data will be extracted from eligible articles and results will be presented in narrative and tabular format in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.