RESUMEN
Saturation in hospital emergency departments is one of the main safety problems for the patient, which can generate negative consequences for their health. In response to this issue, triage systems are developed to organize the flow of patients in order to allow the most urgent ones to be treated first. The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is the most used triage system in the USA and it has been implemented in the General Hospital of La Palma since 2010. The objective of this study is the validation of the ESI adapted to our hospital through the study of its degree of reliability, as well as the criterion validity. The sample consisted of 240 randomly selected cases, with proportional representation of emergencies attended in 2015 and their fraction of urgent ones (Levels 1 and 2). Criterion validity was estimated by sensitivity, specificity, and predictive result values. For reliability, the degree of agreement among the nurses was studied by means of the adapted kappa index kc2. Criterion validity showed a sensitivity of 89% (85-93%) and a specificity of 97% (94-99%), with a positive predictive value of 68% (62-74%) and a negative predictive value of 99% (98-100%) for the discrimination of urgent cases. The reliability analysis showed a kc2 = 0.94 (0.84-0.99) index, a very good agreement according to Landis-Koch criteria. The results of our study have shown adequate validity and reliability in the adaptation and implementation of an ESI triage system suited to the specific conditions of a hospital emergency service in Spain.
Asunto(s)
Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Triaje/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Urgencias Médicas , Femenino , Hospitales , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , España , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un cuestionario para valorar el riesgo de embarazo adolescente no planificado (EANP). Método: Diseño de un cuestionario para valorar el riesgo de EANP a partir de todos los factores relacionados descritos en la literatura. Se validó posteriormente sobre una muestra de adolescentes de La Palma clasificadas como EANP y no EANP con estimación de fiabilidad por test-retest. Resultados: El cuestionario partía de 36 ítems. Con la finalidad de validar la apariencia y el contenido de este cuestionario inicial, se constituyó un grupo de expertos y otro de adolescentes con EANP. La muestra de validación la conformaron 148 adolescentes, con una media de edad ± desviación estándar de 21 ± 2 años, entre las que figuraba un 36% de EANP. Se eliminaron 27 ítems por no tener relación con el EANP. Su coeficiente alfa de Cronbach alcanzó un valor de 0,78 con la eliminación de un ítem redundante, por lo que el cuestionario final quedó conformado por 8 ítems. La validez de constructo mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio ratificó la estructura de 5 dimensiones, con un 76% de variabilidad de respuestas explicada. Se establecieron reglas cualitativas de afectación de ítems, dimensiones y de salida global del cuestionario. La validez de criterio mostró una sensibilidad de 0,87 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 0,81-0,93) y un valor predictivo de resultado negativo de 0,86 (IC del 95%: 0,80-0,92). La fiabilidad presentó un índice kappa de 0,77 (IC del 95%: 0,70-0,84). Todos estos parámetros alcanzaron un valor de p <0,001. Conclusión: Las propiedades métricas del cuestionario obtenido (Instrumento de valoración del Riesgo de Embarazo No Esperado [IRENE]), junto con su facilidad y rapidez de administración, lo convierten en un medio adecuado de cribado para detectar a una adolescente en situación de riesgo de embarazo no planificado y valorar sobre qué aspectos podemos incidir para intentar reducirlo
Objective: Design and validate a questionnaire to assess the risk of unplanned adolescent pregnancy (UAP). Method: The design of a questionnaire to assess the risk of UAP from all the related factors described in the literature. It is subsequently validated on a sample of adolescents from La Palma classified as UAP and not UAP with reliability estimation by test-retest. Results: The questionnaire starts from 36 items. An expert group and another group of teenagers with UAP carry out their validity of appearance and content. The validation sample is made up of 148 adolescents aged 21 ± 2 years with 36% of UAP. 27 items are eliminated because they are not related to the UAP. The Cronbach alpha reaches 0.78 with an elimination of a redundant item, the final questionnaire was formed by 8 items. The construct validity by confirmatory factor analysis confirms the 5-dimensional structure with 76% variability of responses explained. Qualitative rules of affectation of items, dimensions and global exit of the questionnaire are established. The criterion validity shows 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81-0.93) of sensitivity and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80-0.92) of predictive value of negative result. Reliability presents a kappa index of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70-0.84). All these parameters achieve p <0.001. Conclusion: The metric properties of the questionnaire obtained (Unexpected Pregnancy Risk Assessment Instrument [IRENE]), together with its ease and speed of administration, make it an adequate means of screening to detect a teenager at risk of unplanned pregnancy and assess what aspects we can influence to try to reduce it