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Abstract: Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) is a family of medium size (7-17 mm) neotropical flies. The taxonomic status of the group has been debated but at present it is treated as a family with 53 extant species. Currently, 19 species are recorded in Central America and Mexico with, until now, only two species known from Honduras: Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius, 1805) and Souzalopesiella facialis (Aldrich, 1922). For this study, material from the Insect Collection at the Pan-American Agricultural School, Zamorano (EAPZ), was examined. Six species distributed in three genera were found to occur in Honduras. The genus Laneella and the species: Laneella fuscosquamataWhitworth, 2019, Laneella perisi (Mariluis, 1987), Mesembrinella nigrocoeruleaWhitworth, 2019, and Mesembrinella socors (Walker, 1861), are recorded for the country for the first time. All species are illustrated, and a map with the known distribution in Honduras is provided.

Resumen: Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) es una familia de moscas neotropicales de tamaño mediano (7-17 mm). El estatus taxonómico del grupo ha sido objeto de debate, pero actualmente se considera como una familia con 53 especies. Hasta el momento, se han registrado 19 especies en Centroamérica y México con solo dos especies conocidas en Honduras: Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius, 1805) y Souzalopesiella facialis (Aldrich, 1922). En este estudio, se examinó el material de la Colección de Insectos de la Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano (EAPZ). Se encontraron seis especies distribuidas en tres géneros en Honduras. Se registra por primera vez para el país el género Laneella y las especies Laneella fuscosquamataWhitworth, 2019, Laneella perisi (Mariluis, 1987), Mesembrinella nigrocoeruleaWhitworth, 2019, y Mesembrinella socors (Walker, 1861). Se ilustran todas las especies y se proporciona un mapa de distribución para las especies en Honduras.

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the epidemiology of firework-related injuries within a national population between 2012 and 2022, including the severity of injury by year, patient demographics, body region injured, firework type, and diagnosis category of injury. METHODS: Data were collected from the Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, which is a representative nationwide database that collects data on consumer product-related injuries occurring in the US. Injury rates were calculated based on patient age, sex, body region injured, firework type, and diagnosis category. RESULTS: A total of 3219 injuries, representing an estimated 122,912 firework-related injuries, were treated in emergency departments within the US from 2012 to 2022. The overall incidence rate of firework-related injuries in the study rose by over 17% from 2012 [2.61 cases per 100,000 people (95% CI 2.03-3.20)] to 2022 and [3.05 cases per 100,000 people (95% CI 2.29-3.80)]. The rate of injuries was highest in adolescents and young adults (age 20-24; 7.13 cases per 100,000 people). Men experienced firework injuries at more than double the rate of women (4.90 versus 2.25 cases per 100,000 people). The upper extremities (41.62%), head/neck (36.40%), and lower extremities (13.78%) were the most commonly injured regions. Over 20% of cases in patients older than 20 were significant injuries requiring hospitalization. Aerial devices (32.11%) and illegal fireworks (21.05%) caused the highest rates of significant injury of any firework type. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of firework-related injuries has risen over the past decade. Injuries remain the most common among adolescents and young adults. In addition, significant injuries requiring hospitalization occur most often during aerial and illegal firework use. Further targeted sale restrictions, distribution, and manufacturing regulations for high-risk fireworks are required to reduce the incidence of significant injury.

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Estimates of pes planus ("flatfoot") prevalence vary considerably across studies. Moreover, there is uncertainty over which factors are associated with the pes planus prevalence. We aimed to systematically review the prevalence and clinical factors associated with flatfoot among children and adults. We searched Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases reporting population-based flatfoot prevalence. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the qualities of the studies. Subgroup analysis was conducted to analyze the associated factors on flatfoot prevalence. Frequencies, odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed using descriptive analysis and chi-square test accounting for heterogeneity. Any conflict in the data analysis was discussed by all the reviewers. Twelve studies including 2509 flatfoot cases were analyzed (overall prevalence 15.6%, n = 16,000). The subgroup analysis indicated that male gender (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.15-1.37), age groups 3 to 5 years (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.78-2.30) and 11 to 17 years (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.64-2.22), Asian race (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 2.10-2.60), and obesity (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 2.06-3.32) were more associated with flatfoot (p < .001). Conversely, female gender (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.40-0.48) and White race (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.47-0.57) were less associated with flatfoot (p < .001). Our findings may be valuable for clinical/surgical settings, particularly, for those modifiable findings and targeted populations. However, we suggest that future studies estimating flatfoot should consider prospective/multicenter designs using a common screening methods in random samples populations.

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The currently known cetoniine fauna of Ghana is discussed and illustrated. It now includes 60 genera and 148 taxa, including 9 subspecies. Comparison to the adjacent countries of Ivory Coast and nearby Benin gives evidence that the faunas of all three countries surprisingly may still be grossly under-sampled and hence poorly known for what is considered a relatively well-known group of beetles. At least 22 species known from both Ivory Coast and Benin are expected to be found in Ghana but still have yet to be reported. Notes on several species concepts and the alternate use of names are also given to clarify the taxonomy of the taxa known from this area.

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This works presents information on the diversity of the Tabanidae of Honduras as a product of the examination of 386 specimens and a literature review. Thirteen species and two genera (Bolbodimyia and Dasychela) are recorded from the country for the first time. Eighty-five species distributed in 22 genera, five tribes, and three subfamilies are now known from Honduras. A key to the subfamilies, tribes, and genera of the known Honduran species is also included. All new records are mapped and illustrated to aid in the identification of the species.

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BACKGROUND: The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is the most promising insect candidate for nutrient-recycling through bioconversion of organic waste into biomass, thereby improving sustainability of protein supplies for animal feed and facilitating transition to a circular economy. Contrary to conventional livestock, genetic resources of farmed insects remain poorly characterised. We present the first comprehensive population genetic characterisation of H. illucens. Based on 15 novel microsatellite markers, we genotyped and analysed 2862 individuals from 150 wild and captive populations originating from 57 countries on seven subcontinents. RESULTS: We identified 16 well-distinguished genetic clusters indicating substantial global population structure. The data revealed genetic hotspots in central South America and successive northwards range expansions within the indigenous ranges of the Americas. Colonisations and naturalisations of largely unique genetic profiles occurred on all non-native continents, either preceded by demographically independent founder events from various single sources or involving admixture scenarios. A decisive primarily admixed Polynesian bridgehead population serially colonised the entire Australasian region and its secondarily admixed descendants successively mediated invasions into Africa and Europe. Conversely, captive populations from several continents traced back to a single North American origin and exhibit considerably reduced genetic diversity, although some farmed strains carry distinct genetic signatures. We highlight genetic footprints characteristic of progressing domestication due to increasing socio-economic importance of H. illucens, and ongoing introgression between domesticated strains globally traded for large-scale farming and wild populations in some regions. CONCLUSIONS: We document the dynamic population genetic history of a cosmopolitan dipteran of South American origin shaped by striking geographic patterns. These reflect both ancient dispersal routes, and stochastic and heterogeneous anthropogenic introductions during the last century leading to pronounced diversification of worldwide structure of H. illucens. Upon the recent advent of its agronomic commercialisation, however, current human-mediated translocations of the black soldier fly largely involve genetically highly uniform domesticated strains, which meanwhile threaten the genetic integrity of differentiated unique local resources through introgression. Our in-depth reconstruction of the contemporary and historical demographic trajectories of H. illucens emphasises benchmarking potential for applied future research on this emerging model of the prospering insect-livestock sector.

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A new species of Coelosis is described from the Macuira Mountains, Guajira Peninsula, northern Colombia. A character comparison between this new and other previously known Colombian species in the genus is presented. A key for the identification and distributional map for Colombian species of Coelosis is provided, as well as a key for the genera included in the tribe Oryctini in Colombia.

ResumenUna nueva especie de Coelosis es descrita de la Serranía de la Macuira en la Peninsula de la Guajiraen el extremo norte de Colombia. Se ilustran los caracteres diagnósticos y se compara la nueva especie con las especies previamente reportadas para Colombia. Se provee una clave para la identificación y un mapa de distribución de las especies de Coelosis en el país al igual que una clave para los géneros de la tribu Oryctini en Colombia.

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BACKGROUND: Coreidae bugs are mostly sap-sucking insects feeding on a variety of plants. Despite their abundance and economic importance in Honduras there is little information on the species, their distribution and affected crops. Since knowledge of pest species allows for better management of crops, we aimed to document the diversity of this economically important group. Specimens from four entomological collections in Honduras were studied and an exhaustive search of all available literature was conducted. NEW INFORMATION: A total of 2,036 insects were examined. The fauna of Honduran coreids is now composed of 68 species. Nineteen species are recorded for the country for the first time and 17 species were found only in literature. Little is known about the biology and economic importance of most of the species.

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Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha denominado que el cambio climático es una amenaza para la salud pública, por lo tanto es necesario conocer la percepción del riesgo al cambio climático específicamente en los futuros profesionales de la salud. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de tipo cuantitativo descriptiva con muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se realizaron análisis de Chi2 y regresión logística para identificar los factores asociados a la percepción del riesgo al cambio climático y al aumento de enfermedades infecciosas sensibles al cambio climático en estudiantes universitarios de las ciencias de la salud en la Universidad del Magdalena. Resultados: Por Chi2 se encontró que cerca del 69% de los estudiantes perciben el cambio climático como dañino y entre 50 y 59% de ellos perciben que las enfermedades infecciosas aumentarán como consecuencia del cambio climático. Por regresión logística se observó significancia estadística que los estudiantes que pertenecen al sexto semestre de estudios o semestres superiores tienen 60% más probabilidad de reconocer que pueden enfermarse por el cambio climático, 63% más probabilidad de percibir el cambio climático como dañino, relacionaron 2,2 veces más el aumento de la temperatura global con el aumento de enfermos con fiebre amarilla y dengue, también tienen 58% más posibilidad de relacionar el aumento de los casos. Discusión: Los estudiantes de los diferentes programas de salud que pertenecen al sexto semestre de estudios o superiores percibieron el cambio climático como una amenaza sobre la salud pública y lo asociaron con el aumento de enfermedades infecciosas, de esta manera, se puede considerar que los estudiantes de salud conforme avanzan en los semestres académicos perciben un mayor riesgo del cambio climático como una amenaza sobre la salud pública y un aumento de los enfermos por enfermedades infecciosas sensibles al cambio climático. Conclusiones: Se puede concluir que los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad del Magdalena conforme se encuentran en semestres superiores adquieren una mayor percepción del riesgo del impacto del cambio climático sobre la salud pública y sobre el aumento de las enfermedades infecciosas.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has called that climate change is a threat to public health, it is therefore necessary to know the perception of risk to climate change specifically on future health professionals. Materials and Methods: Descriptive quantitative research was undertaken with stratified random sampling. Chi2 analysis and logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with sensitive risk perception of climate change and increased climate change to infectious diseases. Results: By Chi2 was found that about 69% of students perceive climate change as harmful and between 50 and 59% of them perceive that infectious diseases will increase as a result of climate change. By logistic regression statistical significance was observed that students who belong to the sixth semester of study or higher semesters are 60% more likely to recognize that they can get sick from climate change, 63% more likely to perceive climate change as harmful, were associated 2.2 times plus the increase in global temperature to increase in patients with yellow fever and dengue, also have 58% more likely to relate the increase in cases of cholera and malaria, with respect to students belonging to lower semesters. Discussion: Students of different health programs that belong to the sixth semester of study or higher perceived climate change as a threat to public health and associated with increased infectious diseases, thus, can be considered health students as they progress in academic semesters perceive a greater risk of climate change as a threat to public health and an increase in sick for climate-sensitive infectious diseases. Conclusions: It can be concluded that students in health sciences at the University of Magdalena as found in higher semesters acquire a greater perception of risk from the impact of climate change on public health and the increase of infectious diseases.

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En este trabajo se presenta información sobre los escarabajos coprófagos del Área Natural Única Los Estoraques (ANUE), Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Los muestreos fueron realizados durante los meses de febrero a diciembre del año 2002 en cuatro sitios con diferente grado de intervención, suministrando la captura de 10,538 individuos. Los sitios muestreados correspondieron a bosque seco premontano y bosque montañoso húmedo con diferentes grados de intervención. 16 especies de Scarabaeinae conformaron el 89 por ciento de las ejemplares colectados, el 11 por ciento restante (3 especies) fue conformado por Hibosóridos. La totalidad de las especies se completo en el quinto muestreo. Se registró diferencia significativa en la riqueza y abundancia entre los sitios (P <0,05), funcionando las zonas de bosque montañoso humedo como un solo ensamblaje. Las abundancias de las especies no muestran correlación con la pluviosidad. Se reportan por primera vez siete especies para el departamento y se amplia el rango altitudinal conocido en Colombia para cuatro.

Information on the diversity and abundance of the coprophagous scarab beetles of Los Estoraques National Park (ANUE) in Colombia is presented. Beetles were collected monthly from February to December 2002 with pitfall traps baited with human excrement. Four environments where sampled including montane dry forests and montane humid forests with different degrees of disruption. A total of 10,538 specimens representing 19 species were collected. All the species were collected by the fifth month. The Scarabaeinae represented 89 percent of the collected species (16); the remaining 11 percent were in Hybosoridae (3). An ANOVA analysis showed significant differences in richness and abundance between some of the sites. No correlation between precipitation and abundance was found for any of the sites sampled. For Norte de Santander, seven species are recorded for the first time, and the known altitudinal distribution in Colombia is expanded for four species.

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Dentro de las enfermedades del sistema nervioso central, la trombosis de senos durales es un evento que se presenta en forma poco frecuente; el seno longitudinal superior es el sitio que mayormente se afecta. El espectro clínico de esta entidad es amplio y va desde los casos asintomático y con curación espontánea, a los casos con evolución tórpida y fatal, los síntomas que se presentan son cefalea, crisis convulsivas, déficit sensorio-motriz, alteraciones neurológicas focales, hasta coma profundo y muerte. El estudio angiográfico cerebral en fase tardía permite diangóstica con alta especificidad el sitio exacto de trombosis y el tratamiento va dirigido a disolver el coágulo para restablecer lo más pronto posible el retorno venoso cerebral, limitando las zonas de compromiso circulatorio y en forma secundaria, a corregir las secuelas del evento isquémico. Se presentan dos casos: el primero, un escolar de 9 años de edad con antecedente de trisoma 21 y crisis convulsivas de inicio temprano resueltas a los 4 años de edad y un cuadro enteral dos semanas antes del inicio de su sintomatología, la cual consistió en crisis convulsivas motoras secundariamente generalizadas, hemiparesia fasciocorporal derecha, hiperreflexia y clonus derechos. La resonancia magnética cerebral mostró áreas hiperintensas corticosubcorticales frontoparietal izquierda y parietal derecha, la angiografía cerebral demostró una zona de hipoperfusión a nivel del tercio medio del seno longitudinal. Se inició tratamiento con DFH y heparina egresándose con buen control de las crisis y con mejoría de la hemiplejía derecha...

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