RESUMEN
Current technologies of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) for modifying the surfaces of dental implants made of the Grade IV titan alloy provide predictable long-term results in implant dentistry. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of PEO technology comparing two types of surface modification of dental implants made of VT1-0 medical titanium alloy. Materials and Methods: 50 IRIS dental implants (Scientific Production Company LICOSTOM, Russia), 10-mm long and 4 mm in diameter, were manufactured from the VT1-0 alloy. The implant surface was treated by two PEO methods: 1) in the aqueous solution of alkaline electrolyte without any additional modifiers (PEO-Ti); 2) in the aqueous solution of orthophosphoric acid-based electrolyte containing calcium carbonate (PEO-Ca). Implants made of VT1-0 alloy after milling and without additional treatment served as control samples. The implant surfaces were studied by electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Some of the implants were installed in sheep, samples were obtained at 2, 4, and 8 weeks and studied by microcomputer tomography. Results: Regardless of the electrolyte composition, a highly developed porous surface was formed in the samples with PEO-modified surfaces. The surface of the PEO-Ti samples in a simple unmodified electrolyte was characterized by a large number of open pores with a wide range of size distribution from 200 nm to 3 µm. The pore size distribution was of a monomodal character, with a maximum near 0.23 µm. The PEO samples in the Ca-containing electrolyte had pores also in a wide range from ~80 nm to ~7 µm. The pore distribution, in contrast to PEO-Ti, was bimodal in nature, with the main maximum in the region of 1.05 µm and the concomitant maximum near 2.45 µm.The obtained surfaces of both types (PEO with Ca and Ti) possessed high purity and optimal microroughness for osseointegration. Both types of PEO treatment (PEO with Ca and Ti) have demonstrated a similar osseointegrative potential, nevertheless, the surface of the PEO-Ca showed a better contact with the implant surface (49.8%) than PEO-Ti (42.4%) obviously due to the presence of calcium in its composition. Conclusion: The PEO-formed implant surfaces demonstrate high osseointegrative properties after any variants of treatment and show the potential for application in osteoporosis.
Asunto(s)
Implantes Dentales , Animales , Ovinos , Aleaciones , Carbonato de Calcio , Calcio de la Dieta , ElectrólitosRESUMEN
Surgical brain revascularization is an important treatment for acute or chronic ischemia, intracranial aneurysms and skull base tumors. Individual anatomy of brain vessels should be clearly understood for this procedure. Variants of collateral cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebrovascular diseases depend on individual characteristics of circle of Willis and reserve mechanisms of collateral circulation. These anatomical variations require careful preoperative planning to choose the optimal revascularization option.
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Revascularización Cerebral , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares , Aneurisma Intracraneal , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Procedimientos NeuroquirúrgicosRESUMEN
This review is devoted to various techniques for reduction of brain damage during retraction. Searching for reports was carried out in Russian and English languages using the PubMed database (n=721) without restrictions on language, date and study design according to the following keywords: «brain retraction injury¼, «spatula brain retractors¼, «tubular brain retractors¼, «retractorless neurosurgery¼. Primary screening and exclusion of duplicate manuscripts allowed us to single out the main group of articles (n=121). Some reports were excluded due to non-compliance with inclusion criteria (no description of methods, few references and insufficient data). The final list included 32 studies which were represented by cohort studies, retrospective analyses of surgical interventions, as well as experimental and laboratory studies. Small number of publications did not allow us to obtain unambiguous conclusions. Further research is required to reduce brain retraction trauma.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones Encefálicas , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/cirugía , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Instrumentos QuirúrgicosRESUMEN
A technique for colloidal forming of Ca2P2O7 macroporous bioceramics, based on low-pressure injection molding (LPIM) of a glycerol-water slip containing Ca2P2O7 and Ca(Ð2PO4)2 into a plastic mold fabricated via FDM 3D-printing, was proposed. Chemical reaction between the solid phases of the water containing slip - Ca2P2O7 and Ca(Ð2PO4)2, resulting in brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) formation, led to consolidation of the casting and preserved its complex architecture in the course of mold burning-out. Macroporous ceramics of Kelvin structure (70% macropores with the sizes from 2 up to 4 mm), based on a pre-defined composition with 10 wt% Ca(PO3)2 and sintered in liquid-phase regime, demonstrated a compressive strength of 1.4 ± 0.1 MPa at a density of 22 ± 2%. In vitro tests on bioactivity in SBF solution, as well as on resorption of the ceramics in model solution of citric acid, were carried out.
RESUMEN
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) requires special attention due to its different reasons and course. Knowledge about the variability of median nerve (MN) topography in carpal canal region, features of diagnosis and treatment extends outlooks on this pathology. Aggregating rare clinical cases from the Medline and Pubmed databases is useful to form personified approach. There are 3 types of topographic variations which should be considered to prevent false-positive diagnosis of pathology: recurrent branch location, early bi- and trifurcations of MN, anastomoses. Since acute CTS is treated only by surgery, every surgical approach is aimed at minimally invasiveness and fast recovery. Endoscopic decompression (ED) is more favorable regarding these aspects. However, this method cannot be considered as perfect due to available data about incomplete decompression and certain incidence of recurrences. The last ones are absent after microsurgical decompression as a rule. It can be concluded that only individual approach is advisable for complete release of CTS without iatrogenic damage and recurrences.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome del Túnel Carpiano/diagnóstico , Síndrome del Túnel Carpiano/cirugía , Nervio Mediano/cirugía , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/métodos , Enfermedad Aguda , Síndrome del Túnel Carpiano/etiología , Descompresión Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Descompresión Quirúrgica/métodos , Humanos , Enfermedad Iatrogénica/prevención & control , Nervio Mediano/anatomía & histología , Nervio Mediano/patología , Microcirugia , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/efectos adversos , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
AIM: To study the effect of the daytime anxiolytic adaptol on the efficiency and tolerability of combination treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty patients with different clinical forms of AD were examined and then divided into 2 identical groups. The patients' mean age was 30.7 +/- 11.2 years; the mean disease duration was 20.2 +/- 12.8 years. Group 1 patients (n = 40) received standard treatment involving disintoxication therapy, prednisolone 30-60 mg/day, antihistamines, phototherapy (20 sessions), topical steroids and topical emollients. Group 2 patients (n = 40) took additionally adaptol as 3 tablets (1500 mg) daily. The efficiency of therapeutic measures was evaluated in 2 steps: by taking into account the changes in the scoring atopic dermatitis index (SCORAD) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores 4 weeks following the initiation of treatment and once more after 12 weeks. RESULTS: There was a tendency for the more pronounced decrease in SCORAD scores in Group 2 (using adaptol) versus Group 1 (standard treatment) to 9.8 +/- 2.57 and 10.8+ +/- 2.64, respectively. There were drops in SCORAD scores by 4.1 and 3.6 times, respectively. Twelve weeks after 12 weeks of treatment initiation was 7.1 +/- 2.13 scores in the adaptol group; on the contrary, this indicator increased slightly due to evolving recurrences and amounted to as many as 11.9 +/- 2.41 scores on the average. In Group 1, DLQI improved by 73% following 4 weeks and decreased by 1% after 12 weeks while in Group 2, it improved by 81% following 4 weeks and continued to improve up to 85% after 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Comparison of examined dermatology indices in AD patients receiving standard treatment and treatment including adaptol gives proof to the great value and efficiency of using adaptol during an exacerbation and in the postrecurrence period.
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Biureas , Dermatitis Atópica/terapia , Glucocorticoides/administración & dosificación , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos/administración & dosificación , Fototerapia/métodos , Adulto , Ansiolíticos/administración & dosificación , Ansiolíticos/efectos adversos , Biureas/administración & dosificación , Biureas/efectos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Dermatitis Atópica/diagnóstico , Dermatitis Atópica/fisiopatología , Dermatitis Atópica/psicología , Vías de Administración de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de Vida , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We studied 164 patients with Peyronie's disease, 34 of whom have clinical symptoms of erectile dysfunction. Dopplerography has detected alterations of penile hemodynamics in 71.8% cases. Vein occlusive dysfunction prevailed (54.8%). Dopplerographic signs of venoocclusive dysfunction were seen also in patients with minor erectile disorders (55.4%). The analysis of absolute values of the systolic velocity peak allowed us to consider values in the range > 25 but < 35 cm/s as borderline or suboptimal, corresponding to subclinical period of venoocclusive dysfunction. Dynamic cavernosometry results served the basis for criteria of subclinical venoocclusive dysfunction characterized by threshold intracavernous pressure 50 mm Hg, coefficient of 30-s reduction of intracavernous pressure from 1.75 +/- 0.93 to 2.1 +/- 0.8 mm Hg and supporting perfusion velocities under 29.2 +/- 15 ml/min. Characteristics of hemodynamic status and penile geometry help an optimal choice of deviation correction in patients with Peyronie's disease.
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Disfunción Eréctil/cirugía , Induración Peniana/complicaciones , Pene/irrigación sanguínea , Pene/cirugía , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Disfunción Eréctil/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Pene/diagnóstico por imagen , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
The field-theoretical renormalization group (RG) approach in three dimensions is used to estimate the universal critical values of renormalized coupling constants g6 and g8 for the O(n)-symmetric model. The RG series for g6 and g8 are calculated in the four- and three-loop approximations, respectively, and then resummed by means of the Padé-Borel-Leroy technique. Under the optimal value of the shift parameter b providing the fastest convergence of the iteration procedure, numerical estimates for g*6 are obtained with an accuracy no worse than 0.3%. The RG expansion for g8 demonstrates a stronger divergence, and results in considerably cruder numerical estimates.
RESUMEN
In the present study we compared the efficacy and safety of the new dopamine agonist cabergoline (CBG) with bromocriptine (BCR) in Parkinson's disease (PD). CBG has a very long half-life and can be administered as a single daily dose. Forty-four PD patients with uncontrolled motor fluctuations participated in the study. Patients were randomly and blindly assigned to equivalent doses of either CBG or BCR in addition to preexisting levodopa. Dosage was titrated to optimal, using up to 6 mg of CBG or 40 mg of BCR daily. CBG was given as a single morning dose whereas BCR was administered tid. Sixteen patients were followed for 1 year and 16 additional patients for 6 months. The mean follow-up duration was 9 +/- 5 months. The main effect of both drugs was observed on motor UPDRS scores, rigidity, bradykinesia items, and the percentage of awake hours spent during "on" and "off". In general, the effect of CBG was similar to that of BCR. The percentage of awake hours spent during "on" was higher with CBG as compared with BCR. Adverse events included dyskinesias, orthostatism, confusion, edema, and paresthesias in limbs. These effects were seen at similar frequencies with both drugs. The study shows that CBG given as a single morning dose is at least as efficacious as BCR given tid. CBG is a promising dopamine agonist for the treatment of motor fluctuations in PD.
Asunto(s)
Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapéutico , Bromocriptina/uso terapéutico , Ergolinas/uso terapéutico , Trastornos del Movimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bromocriptina/efectos adversos , Cabergolina , Método Doble Ciego , Ergolinas/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos del Movimiento/fisiopatología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Twenty patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), who developed delusions and psychotic behavior, underwent electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings before and during treatment with low-dose clozapine. Resolution of the psychotic features was observed in all cases. The EEG was unaltered in 15, whereas five patients exhibited increased generalized or focal slowing when compared with the pretreatment tracings. These findings contrast with the high incidence of EEG abnormalities, including epileptiform activity, which are observed when larger doses of clozapine are used in schizophrenic patients, but they underscore that even in low doses, clozapine may cause EEG changes.
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Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Clozapina/efectos adversos , Electroencefalografía/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/fisiopatología , Trastornos Psicóticos/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antipsicóticos/administración & dosificación , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Clozapina/administración & dosificación , Clozapina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad de Parkinson/complicaciones , Trastornos Psicóticos/complicaciones , Trastornos Psicóticos/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
The effect of beta-carotene and DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (alpha-TAc) on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in human atrophic stomach mucosa and intestinal metaplasia (IM) was studied in a double-blind intervention trial. Persons (227) with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and/or atrophic gastritis (AG) were examined. It was found that ODC activity in the biopsies of antral mucosa increased gradually from normal mucosa (7.2 +/- 1.8 units) to superficial gastritis (22.7 +/- 5.9 units) and to AG (54.2 +/- 6.9 units). Enzyme activity in cases of IM did not differ from atrophic mucosa without IM (56.1 +/- 8.0 versus 51.4 +/- 5.6 units; P > 0.05). For the intervention trial, 3 groups of 20 patients with AG were studied. Patients were supplemented daily for 1 year with beta-C (20 mg; group 1), alpha-TAc (55 mg; group 2), or placebo (group 3). No significant change in ODC activity was observed in placebo-treated subjects during 1-year follow-up. During the first 3 months, beta-C supplementation resulted in about a 50% decrease in ODC activity in atrophic mucosa. A moderate decrease in ODC activity of approximately 18% was observed after 6 months supplementation with alpha-TAc. The possible role of ODC in gastric carcinogenesis is discussed.
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Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Carotenoides/uso terapéutico , Mucosa Gástrica/enzimología , Gastritis Atrófica/tratamiento farmacológico , Ornitina Descarboxilasa/efectos de los fármacos , Vitamina E/análogos & derivados , alfa-Tocoferol/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Anciano , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Biopsia , Carotenoides/administración & dosificación , Intervalos de Confianza , Método Doble Ciego , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Gastritis Atrófica/patología , Gastroscopía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ornitina Descarboxilasa/metabolismo , Tocoferoles , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The paper describes a simple way of updating a Russian production-type LKaM-80 chromatograph in order to make a gas chromatographic analysis of urinary steroids for separation by using high performance capillary columns. To connect capillary columns, the units consisting of a gas heaving T-joint, a stream separating chamber, and a releasing restrictor were applied. To achieve satisfactory results, it is necessary to place a column through the tube connecting the union for attachment of the column and the flame-ionization detector so that the end of a capillary should be located at the detector as soon as closer. The updated chromatograph has been successfully used to obtain urinary steroidal profiles which are essential for the differential diagnosis of causes of hyperandrogyny in females, including pregnants.
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Cromatografía de Gases/instrumentación , Esteroides/orina , Andrógenos/orina , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Delusions and other manifestations of psychotic behavior are common side effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients chronically treated with dopaminergic drugs. Clozapine, a dibenzodiazepine derivative, is an antipsychotic drug largely devoid of extrapyramidal side effects. We evaluated the effects of low doses of clozapine on the mental and motor functions in PD patients requiring antipsychotic treatment. Twenty-seven PD patients taking dopaminergic drugs and who had psychotic behavior received clozapine at 12.5 to 75 mg/d. Fifteen patients received clozapine for 1 to 11 months (mean, 6.8 months) and seven received it for 12 to 24 months (mean, 18 months). No patient exhibited motor deterioration, and the psychotic features disappeared immediately, allowing discontinuation of clozapine after several months in 10 patients. Fifteen patients are still receiving clozapine and are free of psychiatric symptoms. The clozapine treatment was discontinued after 5 days (25 mg/d) in two patients because of somnolence. No patient developed neutropenia. Clozapine in low doses is effective in the treatment of drug-induced delusions and hallucinations in PD.
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Clozapina/administración & dosificación , Levodopa/efectos adversos , Trastornos Mentales/inducido químicamente , Trastornos Mentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Increase of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is known to be associated with cell proliferation and, very likely, with tumour promotion. This prompted us to study the activity of ODC in gastric mucosa of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis that has been considered as a precursor of stomach cancer. Examination of 124 patients with this disease revealed the considerable increase in ODC activity in atrophic mucosa (29.8 +/- 2.9 vs 7.9 +/- 1.8 units in normal mucosa, p = 0.001). Supplementation of the patient's diet with beta-carotene (20 mg daily during 3 weeks) results in a statistically significant decrease in ODC activity in gastric mucosa. The data obtained confirm the possibility of application of ODC determination to the detection of early premalignant lesions and suggest the antipromoter activity of beta-carotene in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Carotenoides/administración & dosificación , Mucosa Gástrica/enzimología , Gastritis Atrófica/enzimología , Ornitina Descarboxilasa/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Gastritis Atrófica/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ornitina Descarboxilasa/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Activity of ornithine decarboxylase was significantly increased, reaching the maximal values in malignant gastric tissues, in mucosal membrane and polypous tissue of patients with atrophic gastritis as compared with normalcy. Any alterations in the enzymatic activity were not observed in the gastric mucosal membrane of 19 patients with atrophic gastritis within 3 weeks. At the same time, statistically significant decrease of the abnormal high activity of ornithine decarboxylase was detected in atrophic gastric mucosal membrane of 12 patients among 20 patients examined, which were treated with 20 mg of beta-carotene daily within 3 weeks; the enzyme activity was decreased also in polypous tissue of 5 patients in the group of 9 patients studied. Decrease in the ornithine decarboxylase activity after beta-carotene treatment involved improvement of the mucosal membrane state, where hemorrhage disappeared and inflammation reduced. Since the high activity of ornithine decarboxylase is related to promotion of cancerogenesis, beta-carotene appears to exhibit an anticarcinogenic effect as it decreases the enzymatic activity in gastric mucosal membrane.
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Carotenoides/farmacología , Mucosa Gástrica/enzimología , Ornitina Descarboxilasa/metabolismo , Pólipos/enzimología , Estómago/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Gastritis Atrófica/enzimología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores de la Ornitina Descarboxilasa , beta CarotenoRESUMEN
A comparative study of the esophageal mucosa versus vitamin status in the adult male population of Muinak District of the Karakalpak ASSR, characterized by high incidence of esophageal cancer, established a significantly high frequency of chronic esophagitis. The differential evaluation of different pathologies of the esophageal mucosa suggested a link between catarrhal and erosive esophagitis and vitamin B2 deficiency and atrophic esophagitis and vitamin A deficit.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas/epidemiología , Esófago/patología , Deficiencia de Riboflavina/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina A/complicaciones , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica , Neoplasias Esofágicas/etiología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Esofagitis/epidemiología , Esofagitis/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Membrana Mucosa/patología , UzbekistánRESUMEN
The problem of primary oncoprophylaxis might be settled basing on maintaining of essential vitamins level in a body. Development of corresponding methods for estimation of vitamins, their precursors and derivatives is of importance in the problem solution.