RESUMEN
The development and course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are significantly influenced by inflammation and oxidative stress. Antioxidant therapy is a promising therapeutic option to enhance the clinical results of these individuals in this particular scenario. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of curcumin, with or without piperine, on cytokines, fecal calprotectin (CalF), and oxidative stress enzymatic and non-enzymatic indicators in patients with IBD. METHODS: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) who were at least 18 years old and had intact liver and kidney function participated in this randomized, double-blind trial (trial registration: ensaiosclinicos.gov.br as RBR-89q4ydz). For 12 weeks, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo, curcumin (1000 mg/day), or curcumin plus piperine (1000 mg + 10 mg/day). In order to examine oxidative stress indicators, CalF, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, blood and fecal samples were obtained, both prior to and following the intervention time. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, and type of IBD, the curcumin plus piperine group had substantially higher serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) than the placebo group (4346.9 ± 879.0 vs. 3614.5 ± 731.5; p = 0.041). There were no discernible variations between the groups in CalF, inflammatory markers, or other indicators of oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), our study indicates that a 12-week curcumin plus piperine treatment effectively increases enzymatic antioxidant defense, especially SOD. These results demonstrate the potential therapeutic benefits of managing redox imbalance in individuals with IBD.
RESUMEN
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by continuous inflammation in the colonic mucosa. Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occur due to the disruption of the intestinal barrier and increased permeability caused by redox imbalance, dysbiosis, and inflammation originating from the intestine and contribute to morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on colonic, hepatic, and renal tissues in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Male Swiss mice received NAC (150 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water for 30 days before and during (DSS 5% v/v; for 7 days) colitis induction. On the 38th day, colon, liver, and kidney were collected and adequately prepared for the analysis of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione oxidized (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) and inflammatory biomarkers (myeloperoxidase (MPO) -, tumor necrosis factor alpha - (TNF-α, and interleukin-10 (IL-10)). In colon, NAC protected the histological architecture. However, NAC did not level up SOD, in contrast, it increased MDA and pro-inflammatory effect (increased of TNF-α and decreased of IL-10). In liver, colitis caused both oxidative (MDA, SOD, and GSH) and inflammatory damage (IL-10). NAC was able only to increase GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio. Kidney was not affected by colitis; however, NAC despite increasing CAT, GSH, and GSH/GSSG ratio promoted lipid peroxidation (increased MDA) and pro-inflammatory action (decreased IL-10). Despite some beneficial antioxidant effects of NAC, the negative outcomes concerning irreversible oxidative and inflammatory damage in the colon, liver, and kidney confirm the nonsafety of the prophylactic use of this antioxidant in models of induced colitis, suggesting that additional studies are needed, and its use in humans not yet recommended for the therapeutic routine of this disease.
Asunto(s)
Colitis Ulcerosa , Colitis , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Animales , Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Acetilcisteína/uso terapéutico , Acetilcisteína/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Disulfuro de Glutatión/metabolismo , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/complicaciones , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Colon , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Inflamación/patología , Estrés Oxidativo , Hígado/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextran/toxicidadRESUMEN
The type of operation of the seed drill metering mechanism and the operating speed are determinant in the crop's productivity. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the longitudinal distribution of maize seeds with different seed metering mechanisms at different displacement speeds. The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Agricultural Sciences - FAECA of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), in the municipality of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with two seed dosers (pneumatic and mechanical) and four sowing displacement speeds (5, 7, 8 and 10 km-1). The longitudinal distribution of seeds was evaluated by checking the spacing between acceptable, flawed and multiple seedlings. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5%. There was no significant difference up to the speed of 8 km h-1 for the mechanical feeder in the analysis of the performance of each mechanism within the different speeds. However, the pneumatic feeder achieved superior performance for faulty and double spacing. In general, for both metering mechanisms, the increase in sowing speed increased the number of faulty and double spacings. Therefore, the pneumatic metering mechanism showed a better response in the number of acceptable spaces with increasing speed.(AU)
O tipo de funcionamento do mecanismo dosador das semeadoras e a velocidade de operação são determinantes na produtividade da cultura. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a distribuição longitudinal de sementes de milho com diferentes mecanismos dosadores de sementes em diferentes velocidades de deslocamento. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental de Ciências Agrárias - FAECA da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), no município de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo dois dosadores de sementes (pneumático e mecânico) e quatro velocidades de deslocamento da semeadura (5, 7, 8 e 10 km-1). Foi avaliada a distribuição longitudinal de sementes por meio da verificação do espaçamento entre plântulas em aceitável, falho e múltiplo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variação e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Não houve diferença significativa até a velocidade de 8 km h-1 para o dosador mecânico na análise do desempenho de cada mecanismo dentro das diferentes velocidades. No entanto, o dosador pneumático obteve desempenho superior para espaçamentos falhos e duplos. De modo geral, para ambos os mecanismos dosadores o aumento da velocidade de semeadura proporcionou acréscimo no número de espaçamentos falhos e duplos. Portanto, o mecanismo dosador pneumático apresentou melhor resposta no número de espaçamento aceitável de distribuição com o incremento da velocidade.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Zea mays/microbiología , Dispersión de Semillas , Tiempo de ReacciónRESUMEN
The type of operation of the seed drill metering mechanism and the operating speed are determinant in the crop's productivity. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the longitudinal distribution of maize seeds with different seed metering mechanisms at different displacement speeds. The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Agricultural Sciences - FAECA of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), in the municipality of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with two seed dosers (pneumatic and mechanical) and four sowing displacement speeds (5, 7, 8 and 10 km-1). The longitudinal distribution of seeds was evaluated by checking the spacing between acceptable, flawed and multiple seedlings. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5%. There was no significant difference up to the speed of 8 km h-1 for the mechanical feeder in the analysis of the performance of each mechanism within the different speeds. However, the pneumatic feeder achieved superior performance for faulty and double spacing. In general, for both metering mechanisms, the increase in sowing speed increased the number of faulty and double spacings. Therefore, the pneumatic metering mechanism showed a better response in the number of acceptable spaces with increasi
O tipo de funcionamento do mecanismo dosador das semeadoras e a velocidade de operação são determinantes na produtividade da cultura. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a distribuição longitudinal de sementes de milho com diferentes mecanismos dosadores de sementes em diferentes velocidades de deslocamento. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental de Ciências Agrárias - FAECA da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), no município de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo dois dosadores de sementes (pneumático e mecânico) e quatro velocidades de deslocamento da semeadura (5, 7, 8 e 10 km-1). Foi avaliada a distribuição longitudinal de sementes por meio da verificação do espaçamento entre plântulas em aceitável, falho e múltiplo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variação e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Não houve diferença significativa até a velocidade de 8 km h-1 para o dosador mecânico na análise do desempenho de cada mecanismo dentro das diferentes velocidades. No entanto, o dosador pneumático obteve desempenho superior para espaçamentos falhos e duplos. De modo geral, para ambos os mecanismos dosadores o aumento da velocidade de semeadura proporcionou acréscimo no número de espaçamentos falhos e duplos. Portanto, o mecanismo dosador pneumático apresen
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare redox imbalance and inflammation biomarkers in umbilical cords from pregnancies with and without preeclampsia (PE) and to analyse their relationships with perinatal outcomes. METHODS: A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, that involved pregnant women with PE and a group of women without the disease, through the application of a standardized questionnaire. After delivery, umbilical cord samples were collected to measure antioxidant defense, products from oxidative damage, and inflammation biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 13.0 software and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0, adopting a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05), with the chi-square test, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, and the multinomial and Poisson regression tests. RESULTS: One hundred PE pregnant women and 50 women without the disease were studied. The umbilical cords from PE pregnancies showed higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) (p ≤ 0.001), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p = 0.016), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.028) and lower levels of IL-6 (p = 0.030) and TNF-α (p ≤ 0.001) than the other group, with some associations among these biomarkers with perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: The higher levels of GSH and GPx, in addition to the lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, found in the PE umbilical cord, may result from adaptive mechanisms to maintain the oxidative and inflammatory balance; however, despite these changes, the damage to the cell membranes was not minimized, as the MDA level was higher in women with PE than in women without the disease. This implies that a redox imbalance is present, confirming that other physiological and adaptive mechanisms are being activated to preserve foetal health. Therefore, the present work unveils an important role of the umbilical cord in controlling redox imbalance and inflammation in PE pregnancies. Our results reinforce the necessity for continuous research on GSH as a protective compound for the perinatal outcome, especially in PE women.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Enfermedades Fetales/diagnóstico , Inflamación/diagnóstico , Preeclampsia/fisiopatología , Nacimiento Prematuro/diagnóstico , Cordón Umbilical/patología , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Enfermedades Fetales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Fetales/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamación/epidemiología , Inflamación/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Nacimiento Prematuro/metabolismo , Cordón Umbilical/metabolismo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Lipoic acid (LA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that have not yet been tested on mild ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aims to evaluate the action of LA and/or NAC, on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in colonic and hepatic rat tissues with mild UC, induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (2% w/v). LA and/or NAC (100 mg·kg·day-1, each) were given, once a day, in the diet, in a pretreatment phase (7 days) and during UC induction (5 days). Colitis induction was confirmed by histological and biochemical analyses (high performance liquid chromatography, spectrophotometry, and Multiplex®). A redox imbalance occurred before an immunological disruption in the colon. NAC led to a decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and myeloperoxidase activity. In the liver, DSS did not cause damage but treatments with both antioxidants were potentially harmful, with LA increasing MDA and LA + NAC increasing H2O2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and transaminases. In summary, NAC exhibited the highest colonic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, while LA + NAC caused hepatic damage.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcisteína/uso terapéutico , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácido Tióctico/uso terapéutico , Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextran , Conducta Alimentaria/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/patología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Ácido Tióctico/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Liver disease is highly prevalent in the world. Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are the most important pathogenetic events in liver diseases, regardless the different etiology and natural course. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (the active form) (NAC) is being studied in diseases characterized by increased OS or decreased glutathione (GSH) level. NAC acts mainly on the supply of cysteine for GSH synthesis. The objective of this review is to examine experimental and clinical studies that evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of NAC in attenuating markers of inflammation and OS in hepatic damage. The results related to the supplementation of NAC in any form of administration and type of study are satisfactory in 85.5% (n = 59) of the cases evaluated (n = 69, 100%). Within this percentage, the dosage of NAC utilized in studies in vivo varied from 0.204 up to 2 g/kg/day. A standard experimental design of protection and treatment as well as the choice of the route of administration, with a broader evaluation of OS and inflammation markers in the serum or other biological matrixes, in animal models, are necessary. Clinical studies are urgently required, to have a clear view, so that, the professionals can be sure about the effectiveness and safety of NAC prescription.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Acetilcisteína/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/patología , Hepatopatías/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Acetilcisteína/química , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos BiológicosRESUMEN
The thermal conditions inside poultry houses are very important for the success of this business. It is however necessary to have an adequate animal thermal confort and a minimum cost of material, equipment and energy. This experiment was carried to verify the effect of evaporative cooling systems on the performance of poultry. The building was divided in four equal sectors. The treatments consisted of ventilator and spraying system (VNB), high rotation ventilator and spraying system (VNA), spraying system (NEB), and spraying system connected to the ventilator (NEV). Feed intake, weight gain, mortality of poultry were recorded and the food conversion calculated. It is shown the evaporative cooling systems (VNA e VNB) presented the best results, increasing weight gain with lower values of food conversion and mortalily. The worst results were found for the spraying system connected to the ventilator (NEV).
As condições térmicas no interior de instalações para frangos de corte tem importância vital para o sucesso desta atividade. Desta forma, deve-se buscar o conforto térmico para as aves com o mínimo custo em materiais, equipamentos e energia. Baseado nisto foi desenvolvido um trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de três sistemas de resfriamento evaporativo no desempenho de frangos de corte. Para isso, utilizou-se um galpão dividido em quatro partes nas quais foram instaladas os tratamentos: ventilador associado a nebulização (VNB), ventilador de alta rotação associado a nebulização (VNA), nebulização (NEB) e nebulização acoplada ao ventilador (NEV). Foi registrado o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a mortalidade, obtendo-se assim a conversão alimentar. Os sistemas de resfriamento evaporativo (VNA e VNB) proporcionaram os melhores resultados com os maiores valores de ganho de peso por ave e os menores valores de conversão alimentar e mortalidade. Resultados menos satisfatórios foram observados no NEV, com os menores valores de ganho de peso por ave e maiores valores de conversão alimentar e mortalidade.
RESUMEN
The thermal conditions inside poultry houses are very important for the success of this business. It is however necessary to have an adequate animal thermal confort and a minimum cost of material, equipment and energy. This experiment was carried to verify the effect of evaporative cooling systems on the performance of poultry. The building was divided in four equal sectors. The treatments consisted of ventilator and spraying system (VNB), high rotation ventilator and spraying system (VNA), spraying system (NEB), and spraying system connected to the ventilator (NEV). Feed intake, weight gain, mortality of poultry were recorded and the food conversion calculated. It is shown the evaporative cooling systems (VNA e VNB) presented the best results, increasing weight gain with lower values of food conversion and mortalily. The worst results were found for the spraying system connected to the ventilator (NEV).
As condições térmicas no interior de instalações para frangos de corte tem importância vital para o sucesso desta atividade. Desta forma, deve-se buscar o conforto térmico para as aves com o mínimo custo em materiais, equipamentos e energia. Baseado nisto foi desenvolvido um trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de três sistemas de resfriamento evaporativo no desempenho de frangos de corte. Para isso, utilizou-se um galpão dividido em quatro partes nas quais foram instaladas os tratamentos: ventilador associado a nebulização (VNB), ventilador de alta rotação associado a nebulização (VNA), nebulização (NEB) e nebulização acoplada ao ventilador (NEV). Foi registrado o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a mortalidade, obtendo-se assim a conversão alimentar. Os sistemas de resfriamento evaporativo (VNA e VNB) proporcionaram os melhores resultados com os maiores valores de ganho de peso por ave e os menores valores de conversão alimentar e mortalidade. Resultados menos satisfatórios foram observados no NEV, com os menores valores de ganho de peso por ave e maiores valores de conversão alimentar e mortalidade.