RESUMEN
The European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.) monograph for Cefamandole Nafate (CFN) and the revised monograph prescribe the identification of the antibiotic in solid state by infrared (IR) absorption spectrophotometry using potassium bromide (KBr) disc technique. But, this technique may cause unwanted solid-solid transformations in the crystalline structure of the beta-lactam antibiotic CFN. The latter is a drug with proven polymorphism/pseudopolymorphism. In this context we have examined the suitability of the two techniques (KBr disc and Nujol mull) for IR spectral analyses to identify the antibiotic CFN in solid state. The results of our examinations show that KBr disc technique alters the crystalline state of CFN during the preparation of its KBr disc samples by the tribomechanical treatments (grinding and compression pressure). On the contrary, the Nujol mull technique does not cause such transformations and it is estimated as a better, more suitable technique to be employed for identification of CFN. For a greater precision, in solving the possible difficulties due to the KBr disc technique a second record of IR spectra is necessary to be provided by the Nujol mull technique with use of an internal standard (the stretching vibration of vC = 0 of the condensed beta-lactam cycle).
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/química , Cefamandol/análogos & derivados , Tecnología Farmacéutica , Cefamandol/química , Espectrofotometría InfrarrojaRESUMEN
The essential oil basil is obtained from the aerial parts of Ocimum basilicum L. After gas chromatographic separation, the following components were identified: linalol (54.95%), methylchavikol (11.98%), methylcinnamat (7.24%) and linolen (0.14%). The activity of basil against multidrug resistant clinical isolates from the genera Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Pseudomonas has been studied. For this purpose, standard and modified broth macrodilution methods were used and time kill kinetic of basil was studied. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were reported between 0.0030% and 0.0007% (v/v). These concentrations were compared with the inhibitory concentrations (ICs) and the logs of the bacterial counts reduction both obtained by basil diluted in 1% Tween (Tw) 80, saline test solution (STS) and spiritus vini (Sv) 95 degrees instead in a broth. The data, obtained after application of different methods of investigation and validated with membrane filtration, showed a strong inhibitory effect of basil on the test bacteria. The chosen bacteria are widespread and pose serious therapeutic difficulties because of their high level of resistance. For this reason, the results obtained were considered encouraging.
Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Ocimum basilicum , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Antibacterial activity of four crystalline modifications (ground, solvated and two desolvated) of cefazolin sodium (CZS) have been studied. Their antibacterial properties have been determined by means of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC(50) and MIC(90)) and of disk diffusion inhibition zone values. The above-mentioned crystalline modifications (Mod.) of CZS-I, II, III and IV, respectively, have been shown to have differences in their antibacterial properties in comparison with the trade CZS as well as between themselves. Mod. I has higher or the same activity as CZS. The obtained results we have explained with the formation of different intermolecular H-bonds in the modifications could be due to the rotation about C(alpha)- C' and C-N bonds in the amide groups in their molecules.
Asunto(s)
Cefazolina/química , Cefalosporinas/química , Cristalización , Cefazolina/farmacología , Cefalosporinas/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Clinopodium vulgare L. is one of the curative plants used in Bulgarian folk medicine, mainly during wars for the purposes of healing wounds. The antibacterial activity was studied based on its phytochemical properties. By colony forming unit (CFU)/ml values obtained in different intervals after inoculation of 5% extracts of Clinopodium vulgare L. in ethanol and propylene glycol, it has been proved that the plant showed a very strong action on bacteria. The effects of this action are on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms and also on isolated microorganisms at laboratory conditions from significant urocultures with multiple resistance. These results are very important as a basis for searching possibilities for utilizing the antibacterial properties of this plant pharmaceutically.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Bulgaria , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Etanol/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Propilenglicol/farmacología , SolventesRESUMEN
This paper discusses the results of an experimental study on the effect of biphase calcium phosphate ceramics (BCPC) on laboratory-isolated polyresistant Gram-negative bacteria. Monitoring of this effect in a dynamical regimen was carried out upon Enterobacter cloacae 313, Klebsiella pneumoniae 227, Serratia marcescens 206, Klebsiella oxytoca 202, as well as on the standard strain Klebsiella pneumoniae 52145 (Institute Pasteur, Paris). The results show a significant antimicrobial effect of the ceramics. Antimicrobial properties are manifested during direct contact with BCPC and these depend on the quantity and grain size of the particles, as well as on the microbiological characteristics of the test microorganisms, and particularly on their cell size.
Asunto(s)
Sustitutos de Huesos/farmacología , Fosfatos de Calcio/farmacología , Cerámica/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Enterobacter cloacae/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Partícula , Serratia marcescens/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
An in vitro study of the influence of Biphase Calcium Phosphate Ceramics (BCPCs) on bacterial strains is presented. The test procedures were carried out in saline test solution to which different quantities (2,4,50,100, and 200 mg) of BCPCs(samples A and B) were added. The influence of BCPCs on standard bacterial strains has been determined by measuring bacterial contamination using the plate count method. The testing method was validated with membrane filtration and direct inoculation in culture media of sediment and supernatant. The test demonstrated reduction of the bacterial cell population in from 1 to 24 h in all experiments. The antibacterial effect revealed the specific inherent properties of the BCPCs under investigation.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Materiales Biocompatibles , Fosfatos de Calcio/farmacología , Cerámica/farmacología , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Two methods for detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures, sera, and live-virus vaccines were compared: the direct culture test and the DNA staining method employing bisBenzimide (Hoechst No. 33258). Contamination by different species of mycoplasma was found in 39% samples tested. It is recommended to use both techniques for a reliable detection of mycoplasma contamination.
Asunto(s)
Sangre/microbiología , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Contaminación de Medicamentos , Mycoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Vacunas Virales , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cultivo/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Vacunas AtenuadasRESUMEN
DEODAN is a lysozyme lysate from Lactobacillus bulgaricus for oral administration which has shown antitumor activity in mice and humans. The effects of this preparation on some functions of monocytes/macrophages and on host resistance to experimental infections were examined. The oral administration to mice of DEODAN-150 mg/kg daily (the recommended dose in humans) caused an increase of the spreading ability and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, which showed morphological signs of cell activation. The level of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) secreted in the culture supernatant of peritoneal macrophages of DEODAN-treated mice was found to be slightly increased only when the mice were treated with 150 mg/kg DEODAN for 10 days. However, the in vitro incubation of human blood monocytes with DEODAN resulted in induction of membrane-bound and cytoplasmic IL-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha. The oral treatment of mice with DEODAN also caused a decrease in mortality after experimental infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes. These results indicate that DEODAN activates the phagocytic and secretory functions of mononuclear cells and increases host resistance to bacterial infections.