RESUMEN
Predictive policing is a tool used increasingly by police departments that may exacerbate entrenched racial/ethnic disparities in the Prison Industrial Complex (PIC). Using a Critical Race Theory framework, we analyzed arrest data from a predictive policing program, the Strategic Subject List (SSL), and questioned how the SSL risk score (i.e., calculated risk for gun violence perpetration or victimization) predicts the arrested individual's race/ethnicity while accounting for local spatial conditions, including poverty and racial composition. Using multinomial logistic regression with community area fixed effects, results indicate that the risk score predicts the race/ethnicity of the arrested person while accounting for spatial context. As such, despite claims of scientific objectivity, we provide empirical evidence that the algorithmically-derived risk variable is racially biased. We discuss our study in the context of how the SSL reinforces a pseudoscientific justification of the PIC and call for the abolition of these tools broadly.
Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Policia , Humanos , Aplicación de la Ley , Etnicidad , PobrezaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Caregiver behaviors such as family accommodation (FA) are negatively reinforced by reduced distress in the short term, but ultimately maintain symptoms. It is important to explore the role of FA on symptoms and impairment. The current study examined the relationship among FA, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and functional impairment in a sample of children and their caregivers who completed trauma treatment. METHOD: Participants included 183 children and their caregivers (M age = 7.89; 55.19 % female; 73.22 % non-Hispanic; 51.37 % White). Data consisted of parent-reported measures collected at baseline, post-treatment, and 12-month follow-up from a randomized control trial (RCT) comparing Stepped Care CBT for Children after Trauma and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy (TF-CBT). Correlational, mediation, and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to test the interrelationships among FA, child PTSS, and child functional impairment. RESULTS: FA was significantly, positively associated with total PTSS and functional impairment at baseline. Baseline FA partially mediated the relationship between baseline total PTSS and baseline functional impairment. Lastly, greater pre- to post-treatment changes in FA were mostly associated with relevant outcome variables at post-treatment and 12-month follow-up. LIMITATIONS: Study limitations include use of a single informant, cross-sectional data analysis, lack of differentiation among trauma types, concerns regarding generalizability. CONCLUSION: Assessing FA may be a helpful tool in better understanding how child PTSS relates to functional impairment following exposure to trauma. This study is clinically relevant it offers insight on the relationship among FA, PTSS, and functional impairment for families involved in trauma treatment.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Problema de Conducta , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Femenino , Humanos , Niño , Masculino , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/terapia , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Padres/psicología , Cuidadores/psicologíaRESUMEN
Latinx immigrant families are greatly impacted by US policies and practices that limit immigrant families' and children's rights. This article reviews the effects of such policies and the growing literature examining migration experiences. Latinx immigrant youth and parents may encounter multiple stressors across the stages of migration, including physical and structural violence, fear, poverty, and discrimination, which contribute to higher rates of mental health problems in this population. Despite significant trauma exposure, immigrants demonstrate incredible resilience within themselves, their families, and their communities and through movements and policies aimed at protecting their rights. Numerous culturally relevant universal, targeted, and intensive interventions were developed to magnify these protective factors to promote healing, advance immigration reform, and provide trauma-informed training and psychoeducation. Psychologistsplay a crucial role in implementing, evaluating, and advocating for accessible and collaborative approaches to care so that Latinx immigrant families have the resources to combat the harmful sequelae of immigration stress.