RESUMEN
The effects of two vegetable flours, prepared from the African plants Detarium senegalense Gmelin, a legume, and Cissus rotundifolia, a shrub, on postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations in human subjects, were investigated. Chemical analysis indicated that these flours contained significant amounts of NSP. The detarium in particular was found to be a rich source of water-soluble NSP (SNSP). The flours were incorporated into two types of breakfast meal, a stew meal and a wheat bread meal, containing 50 g and 70 g available carbohydrate respectively. Both meals also contained 10-12 g NSP, the major fraction of which was SNSP. Control and fibre-rich meals were consumed on separate days in randomized order by two different groups of subjects (n 5, stew meals; n 10, bread meals). Venous blood samples were taken at fasting (0 min) and postprandially at 30 min intervals for 2.5 h and the plasma analysed for glucose and insulin. Compared with the controls, detarium and cissus meals elicited significant reductions (P < 0.006) in plasma glucose levels at most postprandial time points and for area-under-the-curve (AUC) values (AUC reductions 38-62%). Significant reductions (P < 0.002) in plasma insulin levels at various postprandial time points and for AUC values were also seen after detarium and cissus breads (AUC reductions 43 and 36% respectively), but not after the fibre-rich stew meals. SNSP and starch are possibly the main, but not the only, components responsible for the glucose- and insulin-lowering effects of cissus flour. The main SNSP fraction of detarium, identified as a high-molecular-weight xyloglucan, is likely to be a primary factor in determining the physiological activity of detarium flour.
Asunto(s)
Glucemia/metabolismo , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Insulina/sangre , Plantas Comestibles , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Periodo Posprandial/fisiología , Adulto , África , Área Bajo la Curva , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Polisacáridos/metabolismoRESUMEN
A total of 512 mothers were interviewed in Anambra State, Nigeria to study factors related to weaning, using 254 (49 percent) from rural areas and an urban sample of 258 mothers (50.45). A validated pretested structured questionnaire was used to obtain background information, weaning patterns and health history. The results showed that most mothers (985) breastfed their infants but gave supplementary bottles simultaneously. Rural mothers (69.7 percent) breastfed infants longer (12-18 months) than urban mothers (37.6 percent) who breastfed for 0-6 months. The lower the income level and socio-educational background of the mothers, the longer the duration of breastfeeding. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.991) between amount budgeted for food and income level. Older mothers weaned infants earlier than younger ones; working urban mothers weaned infants earlier than non-working rural mothers. Mothers with smaller families weaned infants earlier than those with larger families. Urban mothers substituted other foods as a weaning method while rural mothers weaned by discouraging from breastfeeding. Urban mothers introduced protein rich food, fruit and vegetables earlier than rural mothers, who introduced starchy foods earlier. There was a high correlation between income level and introduction of protein foods (r = 0.846) and (r = 0.858), in urban and rural areas, respectively. High incidences of diarrhoea in most infants and inadequate water supplies in the communities were noted. (Au)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Femenino , Destete , Lactancia Materna , Población Rural , Población Urbana , Nigeria , Factores Socioeconómicos , Nutrición del Lactante , Composición FamiliarRESUMEN
A total of 512 mothers were interviewed in Anambra State, Nigeria to study factors related to weaning, using 254 (49//) from rural areas and an urban sample of 258 mothers (50.45). A validated pretested structured questionnaire was used to obtain background information, weaning patterns and health history. The results showed that most mothers (985) breastfed their infants but gave supplementary bottles simultaneously. Rural mothers (69.7//) breastfed infants longer (12-18 months) than urban mothers (37.6//) who breastfed for 0-6 months. The lower the income level and socio-educational background of the mothers, the longer the duration of breastfeeding. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.991) between amount budgeted for food and income level. Older mothers weaned infants earlier than younger ones; working urban mothers weaned infants earlier than non-working rural mothers. Mothers with smaller families weaned infants earlier than those with larger families. Urban mothers substituted other foods as a weaning method while rural mothers weaned by discouraging from breastfeeding. Urban mothers introduced protein rich food, fruit and vegetables earlier than rural mothers, who introduced starchy foods earlier. There was a high correlation between income level and introduction of protein foods (r = 0.846) and (r = 0.858), in urban and rural areas, respectively. High incidences of diarrhoea in most infants and inadequate water supplies in the communities were noted.