RESUMEN
The interaction between genotype and environment (GEI) significantly influences plant performance, crucial for breeding programs and ultimately boosting crop productivity. Alongside GEI, breeders encounter another hurdle in their quest for yield improvement, notably adverse and negative correlations among pivotal traits. This study delved into the stability of white sugar yield (WSY), root yield (RY), sugar content (SC), extraction coefficient of sugar (ECS), and the interplay among essential traits including RY, SC, alpha amino nitrogen (N), sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) across 15 sugar beet hybrids and three control varieties. The investigation spanned two locations over two consecutive years (2022-2023), employing a randomized complete block design with four replications to comprehensively analyze these factors. The analysis of variance highlighted the significant effects of environment, genotype, and GEI at the 1% probability level. Notably, the AMMI analysis of GEI revealed the significance of the first component for WSY, RY, and SC, with the first two components proving significant for ECS. Within the linear mixed model (LMM), WSY, RY, SC, and ECS demonstrated significant effects from both genotype and GEI. In the WAASB biplot, genotypes 10, 8, 17, 6, 13, 14, 15, 7, 12, and 16 exhibited stability in WSY, while genotypes 9, 10, 6, 14, 7, 8, 13, 12, 18, and 15 displayed stability in RY. Additionally, genotypes 10, 15, 12, 13, 16, 17, 6, and 14 were stable for SC, and genotypes 8, 10, 7, 6, 13, 12, 16, 17, 15, 14, and 18 showcased stability in ECS, boasting above-average yield values. In the genotype by yield × trait (GYT) biplot, genotypes 15, 18, and 16 emerged as top performers when combining RY with SC, Na+, N, and K+, suggesting their potential for inclusion in breeding programs.
Asunto(s)
Beta vulgaris , Genotipo , Fitomejoramiento , Beta vulgaris/genética , Beta vulgaris/crecimiento & desarrollo , Beta vulgaris/metabolismo , Fitomejoramiento/métodos , Interacción Gen-Ambiente , Fenotipo , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Potasio/metabolismo , Carácter Cuantitativo Heredable , Azúcares/metabolismo , Nitrógeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Boron is among the necessary nutrients for plant growth and yield production, and it can improve the nutritional properties of forage crops. However, at higher levels it maybe toxic adversely affecting plant growth and forage quality. Plant boron concentration is affected by different parameters including boron fertilization, soil, climate, plant species, etc. A new era in the field of plant fertilization is the use of nano technology. Accordingly, a factorial field experiment on the basis of a complete block design in six replicates was conducted in a 300-hactare agro-industry area. The objectives were to investigate the effects of different boron treatments on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): 1) boron concentration, and 2) pigment contents including chlorophyll a, b, total, and carotenoids. Six regions with different properties were selected for the experiment; the soil samples were collected using GPS. The experimental treatments including: 1) soil type (S1-S6), 2) boron sources including boric acid (B1) and nano boron fertilization (B2), and 3) number of spraying (zero-, one-, two-, and three-time) were tested. The nano structure of boric acid-copper in an aqueous medium was produced using the chemical reduction method. The results indicated that soil type, boron source and number of spraying significantly affected (P ≤ 0.01) alfalfa boron concentration and pigment content. The mean of alfalfa boron concentration by B1 and B2 was 103.52 and 111.52% higher than control. The three-time spraying significantly increased B concentration related to the other spraying treatments (P ≤ 0.05) as it resulted in a 207.81% increase compared with the control treatment. The three-time spraying resulted in the highest increase of pigment contents (P ≤ 0.05) including chlorophyll a, b, total, and carotenoids compared with the other treatments. Although the highest boron and pigment contents were resulted by the three-time spraying, the combined use of B2 and the two-time spraying was the most optimum treatment (non-toxic) significantly increasing alfalfa boron and pigment contents (P ≤ 0.05). It would be possible to produce alfalfa at large amounts and with suitable forage quality using boron nano fertilization (synthesized and tested in this research work) under calcareous conditions.
Asunto(s)
Boro/farmacología , Fertilizantes/análisis , Medicago sativa/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas/química , Suelo/química , Boro/análisisRESUMEN
Drought stress is one of the most important stresses adversely affecting plant growth and yield production. Due to the importance of global warming, the investigation of drought effects on the growth and quality of medical plants is of vital importance. Accordingly, a two-year field experiment was conducted in 2013-2014 to determine the effects of drought levels and plant species on Balangu (Lallemantia sp.) growth and physiological properties including medicinal content. The experiment was a split plot in which the drought levels (main plots) including control (D1, moisture field capacity, water potential at, 0.5â¯atm), moderate stress (D2, 6.5â¯atm) and severe stress (D3, 9.5â¯atm), and the Balangu species (sub plots) including Lallemantia royleana (Benth) (L1) and L. iberica (L2) were tested as the experimental treatments. Plant yield, oil content and the biochemical properties (i.e. medicinal content) including phenolic compounds, proline, carotenoids, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase (EC 1.11.1), super oxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1)) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) were determined. Drought stress significantly decreased crop yield and oil content. However, the production of phenolic compounds and proline as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes, SOD and APX increased under stress. The species L2 was the more tolerant species under drought stress. The interesting point about this research work is the increased production of secondary metabolites (i.e. phenolic compounds) under stress, affecting both Balangu response and medicinal properties. Accordingly, it may be possible to regulate the production of secondary metabolites (medicinal contents) in Balangu species by adjusting the irrigating practices.
Asunto(s)
Lamiaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ascorbato Peroxidasas/metabolismo , Carotenoides/análisis , Deshidratación , Lamiaceae/química , Lamiaceae/fisiología , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Fenoles/análisis , Prolina/análisis , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Vegetable oils with a high relative amount of unsaturated fatty acids are of great significance for human health. There is not any data on the effects of tillage practices on fatty acid composition of canola (Brassica napus L.). Hence, in a 2-year split plot experiment, the effects of different tillage systems (no (NT), minimum (MT) and conventional tillage (CT)), canola genotypes (Hyola 401 (V1) and PF (V2)) and sowing dates (including Sep. 8, 23 and Oct. 7) on the fatty acid composition of canola were evaluated. Tillage practices and the combination of canola genotypes and sowing dates were randomized to the main and sub-plots, respectively. The highest oleic acid content was the result of combining NT, V1 and Sep. 23, and the lowest was related to the combination of CT, V2 and Oct. 7. While the combination of NT, V1 and D1 resulted in the highest amount of unsaturated fatty acids, this amount was the lowest for the combination of CT, V2 and Sep. 23. For the selection of an appropriate canola producing strategy, all these parameters must be taken into account. The combination of NT, V1 and Sep. 23 may be the most favorable cropping strategy for canola production under a Mediterranean climate.