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PURPOSE: To assess the subjective success and quality of life of adult patients post endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EE-DCR) for acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. DESIGN: Retrospective, questionnaire study performed at least 6 months post EE-DCR. PARTICIPANTS: Hundred and ten of the 282 consecutive patients who underwent EE-DCR. METHODS: A standardised questionnaire (Glasgow Benefit Inventory, GBI) was used to analyse the quality of life. The questionnaire examines four parameters, providing total, subscale, social, and physical scores. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We aimed to assess patient experience following EE-DCR surgery. Total GBI scores range from -100 to +100, the former reflecting maximal negative benefit and corresponding to subjective worsening of tearing and impact on quality of life. Any positive score reflects a satisfactory surgical outcome and +100 represents maximal positive benefit. A score of zero is no perceived benefit. RESULTS: The average age was 62 years, 63% were female. In three of the parameters measured, there was a subjective improvement post surgery: subscale score 22.16 (95% CI: 15.23-29.09), total score 15.04 (95% CI: 9.74-20.35), and social support score 4.67 (95% CI: 0.93-8.42). Physical health scored -4.47 (95% CI: -10.25 to 1.32). Secondary analyses demonstrate no statistical significance with respect to outcome whether a trainee or consultant performed the procedure. Younger patients (under split median of 63.5) had a better total score 19.04 (95% CI: 11.35-27.74) than those older than 63.5 years (11.04, 95% CI: 3.61-18.47). DISCUSSION: This study shows that EE-DCR gave patients improvement in quality of life, proven by a validated questionnaire. The mean total score of 15.04 found in our study compares with the 18.7 recorded by Feretis et al in 2009. Results were irrespective of the grade of surgeon, similar to the findings of Fayers et al for functional successes. CONCLUSION: This study supports the use of EE-DCR for the improvement of quality of life in adult patients.

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PURPOSE: The lateral tarsal strip (LTS) for involutional ectropion is often performed with a medial spindle (tarsoconjunctival diamond excision). We aimed to evaluate how well the LTS alone can achieve symptomatic relief. METHODS: A retrospective, comparative case series was performed on consecutive patients undergoing LTS alone or with medial spindle for involutional ectropion. Outcomes for LTS alone were clinically derived functional success (improvement in symptoms and aesthetic appearance) and anatomical success (judged by punctal position in the tear lake, punctal movement during blinking and absence of ectropion). We verified if these outcomes compared favourably with those of the patients who had undergone an LTS with medial spindle. Procedure selection was based on pre-operative clinical examination, especially the lateral pinch and twist test (this is described). Complications were also recorded. RESULTS: Of 67 eyes, 23 had LTS alone and 44 had LTS with a medial spindle. Of those having LTS alone the functional success rate was 87% (95% CI (66.4, 97.2%)). This did not differ significantly from a success rate of 89% (75.4, 96.2%) in LTS with a medial spindle (P=0.99). A total of 78% (56.9, 92.5%) of patients undergoing LTS had a good anatomical result compared with 82% (67.3, 91.8%) of those who had an additional medial spindle (P=0.75). Complication rates were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION: Where the lateral pinch and twist test returns the eyelid to a good position, the LTS alone can suffice for the management of involutional ectropion.

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OBJECTIVE: A literature review revealed there is no outcome data for endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EES-DCR) in the subgroup of patients with acquired partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NDO). This study aimed to compare the results of EES-DCR vs external DCR (ext-DCR) in the treatment of partial NDO. DESIGN: This study is designed as a prospective nonrandomised comparative clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 46 adult patients with acquired partial NDO participated in this study. METHODS: Partial (sometimes called 'functional') NDO (epiphora in the presence of patent syringing) was confirmed by nuclear lacrimal scintigraphy or delayed drainage on dacryocystography. Patients with 'functional' epiphora from other causes were excluded. Post-operative outcome was assessed at 6 months. Overall, 21 (46%) patients had EES-DCR and 25 patients had (54%) ext-DCR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjective success was based on patient symptoms, objective success on patency with syringing and a functioning rhinostomy evaluated using the functional endoscopic dye test (FEDT). RESULTS: In total 18 out of 21 (86%) of EES-DCR patients had marked reduction (n=11) or complete resolution (n=7) and 25 out of 25 (100%) of ext-DCR had marked reduction (n=9) or complete resolution (n=16) of epiphora. In total 17 out of 18 (94%) of the EES-DCR patients with subjective success had a positive FEDT. All 25 out of 25 (100%) ext-DCR patients with subjective success had a positive FEDT. The three failed EES-DCR patients were all blocked on syringing. Statistically, EES-DCR does not achieve the same success rate as ext-DCR in this study (P=0.09, two-tailed Fisher's exact test, 0.045 one-tailed). CONCLUSIONS: Both endoscopic and external DCRs provide satisfactory outcomes in acquired partial NDO. The success rate is nevertheless higher in ext-DCR compared with EES-DCR.

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Retrieval of foreign bodies lodged in the orbit present a challenging surgical problem. The trans-nasal approach when combined with image-guided navigation allows clear identification of structures and increased safety. We report a case of a successful removal of a foreign body under image-guidance using a trans-nasal approach.

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AIM: To assess the results of primary aponeurotic ptosis surgery among UK ophthalmic oculoplastic surgeons, from both the surgeon's and patient's perspective; also to inform and encourage good clinical practice by generating outcomes for individual surgeons, units and for benchmarking purposes. METHODS: A prospective, web-based, non-comparative, interventional study was conducted over a period of 1 year commencing January 2005 and ending December 2005. The data-entry sheet for the preoperative, operative and postoperative data was completed and submitted online via the British Oculoplastic Surgery Society website. Surgical results were assessed objectively (by the surgeon) by measuring the upper lid margin reflex distance (uMRD) and the interlid difference in: MRD, lid show, skin crease and lid contour with the outcome graded as: success, partial success or failed. Surgical results were also assessed subjectively (by the patient) with the outcome graded as: completely satisfied, significantly improved, no change or worse than before the operation. RESULTS: Three hundred and sixty-five patients undergoing primary aponeurotic ptosis repair, from 40 different consultant-led teams with a declared oculoplastic interest and expertise, originating from 27 units across the UK were entered into the study. Using objective criteria, success was achieved in 128/223 (57%) cases, with significantly greater degrees of success seen in patients with mild ptosis and for surgeons who performed ptosis surgery more frequently. Using subjective criteria, 184/282 (65%) of patients were completely satisfied, with a further 89/282 (32%) judging themselves significantly improved. The patients' assessment of the surgery was less critical than that of the surgeons: 46/138 (33%) of patients who were completely satisfied and 37/72 (51%) of those who were significantly improved did not meet the criteria for a successful surgical outcome. The re-operation rate was 8/313 (2.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The authors have generated a valid series of surgical outcomes both for individuals, units and the UK as a whole, expressed in both objective and subjective terms for what we regard as the signature procedure for an oculoplastic surgeon: aponeurotic ptosis surgery. Individual results have been communicated to our members, which will allow them to compare their results with true peer-group-generated figures and will aid appraisal and ultimately revalidation.

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Two patients with chronic Wegener's granulomatosis presented with worsening proptosis and visual acuity. Both patients had been maintained on long-term corticosteroids, which led to masking of the signs of orbital sepsis with potentially life-threatening implications.

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A 75-year-old woman presented with orbital and ethmoidal metastases from an esophageal adenocarcinoma 6 months after diagnosis of the primary.

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BACKGROUND: Mersilene mesh (polyester fibre) is commonly used in ptosis surgery for frontalis suspension as it is readily available and cheap. Management of extrusion can be challenging. We report three cases of extrusion where extremely thick mesh or extremely thin tissue may have contributed to the extrusion. METHODS: Retrospective case note study of three adult patients who developed chronic mesh extrusion. RESULTS: Extrusion and chronic infection occurred 5-12 months after surgery. Despite systemic antibiotics, all three patients required surgical excision of mesh from the eyelid up to the brow, which was curative. CONCLUSION: These cases illustrate the need for a systematic approach and the need in some cases to excise the mesh to prevent recurrent infection.

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BACKGROUND: Temporalis fascia has been recommended for hydroxyapatite sphere exposure. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors for exposure of porous polyethylene (Medpor) sphere implants and evaluate the use of autogenous temporalis fascia as a patch graft for exposure. METHODS: A retrospective review of consecutive cases of porous polyethylene sphere orbital implant exposure. RESULTS: Five cases presented between May 2000 and October 2001 (three males, two females; mean age 44.5 years). Three had enucleation (two with primary implants) and two had evisceration (one with primary implant). Exposure occurred in one primary, two secondary, and two replacement implants. Orbital implant diameter was 20 mm in four cases and 16 mm in one case (contracted socket). The mean time from implantation to exposure was 23 months (range 0.7-42.6). Three patients had secondary motility peg placement before exposure. The average time from last procedure (sphere implant or peg insertion) to exposure was 3 months (range 0.7-12.6). Four patients required surgical intervention, of which three needed more than one procedure. Autogenous temporalis fascia grafting successfully closed the defect without re-exposure in three of these four patients. The grafts were left bare in three patients, with a mean time to conjunctivalise of 2.4 months (range 1.6-3.2). CONCLUSIONS: Exposed porous polyethylene sphere implants were treated successfully with autogenous temporalis fascia graft in three of four patients. This technique is useful, the graft easy to harvest, and did not lead to prolonged socket inflammation, infection, or extrusion.

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AIMS: To assess the functional results and complications of Mersilene (polyester) mesh frontalis sling suspension to correct poor levator function ptosis. METHODS: Retrospective case series. 32 eyelids of 20 patients (12 children and eight adults). RESULTS: Follow up 1-69 months (mean 32). CHILDREN: eight patients had bilateral and four unilateral surgery (20 eyelids). Good long term functional results were achieved in 73% (8/11 children) and 77% (14/18) eyelids. Two children had early postoperative wound infection requiring removal of mesh in one; the other was lost to follow up following medical treatment. ADULTS: four patients had bilateral and four unilateral surgery (12 eyelids). Good long term functional results were achieved in 75% (6/8 patients, 9/12 eyelids). One postoperative wound infection and one mesh exposure were treated definitively by surgical excision of mesh. CONCLUSION: Mersilene mesh provides good functional results but up to 20% of patients have early soft tissue complications. Other materials such as monofilament suture or autogenous fascia lata should be considered.

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PURPOSE: Comparison of surgical times for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) by three different approaches: (1) external, (2) endoscopic endonasal surgical (EES), and (3) endoscopic endonasal laser (EEL) using the holmium:YAG laser. The merits and limitations of each approach are considered and surgical throughput predicted. METHODS: Prospective study of adult patients undergoing primary DCR surgery for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Surgical times were recorded. Subjective and objective outcomes were assessed at a minimum of 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients undergoing 51 DCR procedures were studied. The mean surgical time for primary external (n=20), EES-DCR (n=16), and EEL-DCR (n=15) was 41.1+/-10.3, 39.6+/-13.8, and 20.9+/-7.8 min, with symptomatic success achieved in 95, 88, and 60%, respectively. Follow-up was 6-36 months, mean 8 months. It was calculated that if six EEL-DCR, four EES-DCR, or three external DCRs are performed per list for 45 lists per annum, this equals a total of 270 EEL-DCR, 180 EES-DCR, and 135 external DCRs. Of these, 108 EEL-DCR, 22 EES-DCR, and seven external DCRs will fail. If 75% of these have redo surgery using the same technique, an extra 13.5 (EEL-DCR), four (EES-DCR), and two (external DCR) lists are needed. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference between the time taken to do EES-DCR compared to external DCR, and their clinical outcomes. Only EEL-DCR was significantly faster (P<0.001). However, its lower success rate negates the apparent benefit from the greater surgical throughput.

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