RESUMEN
Describir los hallazgos en columna de la resonancia magnética (RM) en las espondiloartropatías seronegativas (ESN) y valorar la indicación de esta modalidad de imagen en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de este tipo de pacientes. Se describen los aspectos patológicos en 4 casos diagnosticados de ESN (Crohn, espondilitis anquilopoyética y psoriasis) con afectación espinal. Los hallazgos en RM en las ESN varían en función del tipo de enfermedad y del estadio en el que se encuentre. La osteítis anterior de los cuerpos vertebrales es el signo más precoz de la afectación espinal en este grupo de enfermedades. La afectación inflamatoria del complejo discovertebral con mayor o menor grado de afectación de los cuerpos vertebrales adyacentes se produce más tardíamente. La RM de columna vertebral permite valorar signos patológicos incipientes característicos por lo que representa una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico en las ESN (AU)
We describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for the spine in patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SNS) and discuss the indications for MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of this type of patients. We describe the pathological aspects of four patients diagnosed with SNS (Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriasis) with spinal involvement. The MRI findings in SNS vary in function of the type and stage of disease. Osteitis of the anterior vertebral bodies is a very early sign of spinal involvement in this group of diseases. Inflammatory involvement of the discovertebral complex that involves the adjacent vertebral bodies to a greater or lesser extent occurs later. MRI of the spine makes it possible to evaluate incipient signs of disease that are characteristic of these patients, so it is a useful tool for the diagnosis of SNS (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Espondiloartropatías , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/instrumentación , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/tendencias , Columna Vertebral , Espondilitis AnquilosanteRESUMEN
We describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for the spine in patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SNS) and discuss the indications for MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of this type of patients. We describe the pathological aspects of four patients diagnosed with SNS (Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriasis) with spinal involvement. The MRI findings in SNS vary in function of the type and stage of disease. Osteitis of the anterior vertebral bodies is a very early sign of spinal involvement in this group of diseases. Inflammatory involvement of the discovertebral complex that involves the adjacent vertebral bodies to a greater or lesser extent occurs later. MRI of the spine makes it possible to evaluate incipient signs of disease that are characteristic of these patients, so it is a useful tool for the diagnosis of SNS.
Asunto(s)
Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Espondiloartropatías/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Reacciones Falso Negativas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Espondiloartropatías/sangreRESUMEN
Bilateral nodular subependymal heterotopia has recently been identified as a hereditary disease linked to the X-chromosome. The sonographic findings are very subtle and difficult to observe during the second trimester when the germinal matrix is at its largest. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging facilitates visualization of the periventricular area. We report a case of bilateral nodular heterotopia associated with mega cisterna magna diagnosed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging at 29 weeks' gestation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of the mother revealed similar findings to those observed in the fetus and neonate. This case confirms the association between mega cisterna magna and bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia and demonstrates that neuroimaging studies of the mother can contribute to the fetal diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/diagnóstico , Coristoma/diagnóstico , Cisterna Magna/anomalías , Epéndimo , Enfermedades Fetales/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Diagnóstico Prenatal , Adulto , Encefalopatías/genética , Cisterna Magna/patología , Ecoencefalografía , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Segundo Trimestre del Embarazo , Ultrasonografía PrenatalRESUMEN
The authors performed neuropsychological and (1)H-MRS studies in 18 subclinical patients with antecedents of perinatal asphyxia (PA) and in 18 matched control subjects. Patients with PA showed reduced values of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in both the basal ganglia and the midtemporal region (MTR) and reduced NAA/choline values in the MTR. Neuropsychological testing showed group differences in tasks related to attention and memory. These results indicate persistent dysfunctions in cerebral structures vulnerable to hypoxia and demonstrate the utility of MRS for the long-term evaluation of cerebral sequelae of neonatal asphyxia.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Asfixia Neonatal/diagnóstico , Daño Encefálico Crónico/diagnóstico , Colina/metabolismo , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Adolescente , Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Asfixia Neonatal/fisiopatología , Ganglios Basales/fisiopatología , Daño Encefálico Crónico/fisiopatología , Mapeo Encefálico , Niño , Preescolar , Dominancia Cerebral/fisiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Lóbulo Temporal/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The present study investigated the relationship between genetic variation, MRI measurements and neuropsychological function in a sample of 58 elders exhibiting memory decline. In agreement with previous reports, we found that the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) and the D allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphisms negatively modulated the cognitive performance. Further, we found an association between the A allele of the apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) polymorphism and poorer memory and frontal lobe function. No clear associations emerged between MRI measures of white matter lesions (WML) or hippocampal sulcal cavities (HSC) and the cognitive performance after controlling for age effects. Further, the degree of WML or HSC lesions was in general not predisposed genetically except for the presence of the A allele of the APOC1 polymorphism that was related to a higher severity of HSC scores. Our results suggest that WML or HSC do not represent important brain correlates of genetic influences on cognitive performance in memory impaired subjects.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/fisiología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Trastornos de la Memoria/genética , Trastornos de la Memoria/fisiopatología , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Apolipoproteína C-I , Apolipoproteínas C/genética , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Encéfalo/patología , Femenino , Lóbulo Frontal/patología , Lóbulo Frontal/fisiopatología , Genotipo , Hipocampo/patología , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Humanos , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Masculino , Memoria/fisiología , Trastornos de la Memoria/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Memoria/enzimología , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/genética , FenotipoAsunto(s)
Absceso Encefálico/diagnóstico , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico , Nocardiosis/diagnóstico , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Aguda , Aspergilosis/complicaciones , Absceso Encefálico/complicaciones , Absceso Encefálico/microbiología , Tumor Carcinoide/complicaciones , Tumor Carcinoide/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nocardiosis/complicaciones , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/complicaciones , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiologíaAsunto(s)
Encefalopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Ventrículos Cerebrales , Quistes/complicaciones , Divertículo/complicaciones , Adulto , Coloides , Quistes/diagnóstico por imagen , Divertículo/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/complicaciones , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
The only safe method to determine whether or not patients diagnosed of smoldering myeloma will progress to symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) is periodic follow-up. In the last years, several studies have emphasized the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect bone marrow involvement in these patients. However, the detection of a focal spinal lesion in elderly patients raises a diagnostic problem, sometimes difficult to solve, between a benign or malignant origin. We present the case of an elderly women with marked osteoporosis and smoldering myeloma who suddenly complained of pain in dorsal spine. MRI showed focal lesions in two dorsal vertebra consistent with myeloma involvement. However, there were no other signs of progression, the lesions were considered secondary to osteoporosis and calcitonin was administered. This resulted in the disappearance of the pain and the MRI abnormalities, which confirmed its benign etiology. The role and limitations of MRI to detect bone marrow involvement by MM in the evaluation of these patients is reviewed.