RESUMEN
Objective To evaluate the relationship between sleep problems and psychopathologies in Brazilian preschool children. Materials and Methods The present is a cross-sectional study with162 children: 81 with sleep problems referred for treatment (mean age: 3.67 years), matched by gender/age with 81 participants without sleep problems. Sleep problems were identified through a clinical interview with a specialist. Psychopathologies were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5). Results Having sleep problems was a predictor of all forms of psychopathologies on the CBCL scales, except for the withdrawn scale. Aggressive behavior, depression/anxiety, affective problems, and oppositional defiant disorder were associated with presence of sleep problems. Conclusion Given the probable bidirectionality of the association between sleep problems and psychopathologies in children, it is suggested that regular assessments of both phenomena should be performed in children referred for treatment of sleep problems and mental health problems in general.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To translate the Fear Survey Schedule for Infants-Preschoolers (FSSIP) into Brazilian Portuguese and to examine its reliability and validity for assessing fears among Brazilian preschoolers. METHODS: Two independent bilingual professionals conducted translation and back-translation of the original survey. The translated version was used to assess 152 preschool children divided in two groups: Clinical - 71 children referred for treatment for nighttime fear, and Control - 81 children enrolled at kindergarten who had not been referred for any mental health service in the previous 6 months. All parents filled out the FSSIP, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1.5-5), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.949 (95% CI: 0.94-0.96) for the entire sample; 0.948 (95% CI: 0.93-0.96) for the Clinical Group, and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93-0.96) for the Control Group. The mean score for fears was higher in the clinical group (60.19 vs. 51.53, t = -2.056; p = 0.042), indicating acceptable discriminate validity. We also found positive, moderate, and statistically significant correlations between FSSIP and most CBCL scores, indicating good convergent validity. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the FSSIP showed good psychometric properties, and hence may be used in research and clinical settings to evaluate fears in preschoolers.
Asunto(s)
Miedo , Traducciones , Brasil , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Abstract Objective To translate the Fear Survey Schedule for Infants-Preschoolers (FSSIP) into Brazilian Portuguese and to examine its reliability and validity for assessing fears among Brazilian preschoolers. Methods Two independent bilingual professionals conducted translation and back-translation of the original survey. The translated version was used to assess 152 preschool children divided in two groups: Clinical - 71 children referred for treatment for nighttime fear, and Control - 81 children enrolled at kindergarten who had not been referred for any mental health service in the previous 6 months. All parents filled out the FSSIP, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1.5-5), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.949 (95% CI: 0.94-0.96) for the entire sample; 0.948 (95% CI: 0.93-0.96) for the Clinical Group, and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93-0.96) for the Control Group. The mean score for fears was higher in the clinical group (60.19 vs. 51.53, t = -2.056; p = 0.042), indicating acceptable discriminate validity. We also found positive, moderate, and statistically significant correlations between FSSIP and most CBCL scores, indicating good convergent validity. Conclusion The Brazilian Portuguese version of the FSSIP showed good psychometric properties, and hence may be used in research and clinical settings to evaluate fears in preschoolers.
RESUMEN
Medos noturnos na infância estão associados a ansiedade, problemas de sono e problemas de comportamento diurnos. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um estudo de caso de uma intervenção comportamental breve para o medo noturno severo e comportamento de dormir com os pais em uma menina de oito anos de idade. O tratamento consistiu em uma sessão em que os pais foram orientados a ler o livro Dormindo com Rafi: Boa Noite Filhote para sua criança por um período de quatro semanas e a encorajá-la a conduzir uma série de rotinas pré-sono e dormir sozinha. Medo noturno, padrões de sono e problemas de comportamento foram avaliados com medidas de relato parental. A menina também foi questionada para reportar seus medos noturnos por meio de uma escala visual analógica. Verificou-se aumento no número de noites em que a criança dormiu em sua própria cama e redução dos medos noturnos. Os efeitos positivos no pós-tratamento foram mantidos no seguimento de três meses. O presente estudo fornece suporte inicial para o uso desta breve intervenção, que empregou princípios comportamentais básicos, como modelação, modelagem e dessensibilização sistemática no tratamento de medos noturnos em crianças.(AU)
Nighttime fears in childhood are associated with anxiety, sleeping problems, and daytime behavioral problems. This article presents a case study of a brief intervention for severe nighttime fears and co-sleeping problems in an eight-year-old girl. The treatment consisted of instructing the parents to read the book Dormindo com Rafi: Boa Noite Filhote (Sleeping with Rafi: Good Night, Darling) to their daughter for a four-week period, besides encouraging her to adopt a bedtime routine and to sleep on her own. Nighttime fear, sleep patterns, and behavioral problems were assessed with parent-report measures, and the girl was asked to track her nighttime fears using a visual analogue scale. The results showed an increase in the number of nights the child slept in her own bed and a reduction of nighttime fears, which were maintained at the 3-month follow-up. This study provides initial support for the use of this brief intervention that enlisted basic behavioral principles such as shaping, modeling, systematic desensitization, and reinforcement in the treatment of nighttime fears in children.(AU)
Los miedos nocturnos en la infancia están asociados a la ansiedad, a los problemas de sueño y a los problemas de comportamiento diurno. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un estudio de caso de una intervención conductual breve para el miedo nocturno severo y comportamiento de dormir con los padres de una niña de 8 años de edad. El tratamiento consistió en una sesión en la que se orientó a los padres a leer el libro Dormindo com Rafi, Boa Noite, Filhote! ("Durmiendo con Rafi: buenas noches, mi hijo") para su hija, por un período de cuatro semanas, y la alentasen a conducir una serie de rutinas de presueño y a dormir sola. El miedo nocturno, los patrones de sueño y los problemas de comportamiento fueron evaluados con medidas de relato parental. Los miedos nocturnos de la niña también se evaluaron por una escala visual analógica. Se verificó un incremento de la cantidad de veces en que la niña durmió por las noches en su propia cama y una reducción de sus miedos nocturnos. Los efectos positivos en el postratamiento se mantuvieron tras tres meses. Este estudio proporciona soporte inicial para el uso de esta breve intervención que empleó principios comportamentales básicos, como modelado, desensibilización sistemática y refuerzo en el tratamiento de miedos nocturnos en niños.(AU)