RESUMEN
Abstract Introduction: Studies based on kidney biopsies are important for the epidemiological understanding of nephropathies. Objective: To describe the main nephropathies diagnosed through renal biopsies, and compare them with regards to gender, time, healthcare insurance and age. Methods: A population-based retrospective study that reviewed all kidney disease diagnoses obtained by biopsy of a native kidney from pathology services between 2008 and 2019 in Joinville, Brazil. Results: Of 778 biopsies performed, 44.5% were primary nephropathies and 28.5% were secondary. The highest prevalence was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) [18.1%], followed by tubulointerstitial nephropathy (TIN) [15.9%] and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) [9.1%]. There was a growing increase in the prevalence of TIN among elderly and uninsured patients over the period. In the multivariate analysis, among the primary glomerulopathies, males had a higher risk for the occurrence of IgAN [OR=2.02; 95% CI 1.13-3.61; p=0.018], as well as being a protective factor for the occurrence of lupus glomerulonephritis (LGN) [OR=0.20, 95% CI 0.08-0.49; p<0.001]. Advancing age and dependence on a public healthcare decreased the likelihood of having a diagnosis of LGN [OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.88-0.94, p < 0.001 and OR=0.45, CI 95 % 0.21-0.96; p = 0.036, respectively]. Patients without private healthcare insurance were more likely to have TIN [OR=1.77, 95%CI 1.16-2.70; p = 0.008]. Conclusion: Sex, age and type of medical healthcare insurance may be related to the occurrence of some nephropathies. The increased risk of TIN in individuals without a private healthcare plan may be an indication of inequalities in health care.
Resumo Introdução: Estudos com base em biópsias renais são importantes para o entendimento epidemiológico das nefropatias. Objetivo: Descrever as principais nefropatias diagnosticadas por meio de biópsias renais e comparar com relação ao gênero, período, plano de saúde e à idade. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de base populacional que revisou todos os diagnósticos de doenças renais obtidos por biópsia de rim nativo de serviços de patologias entre 2008 a 2019, em Joinville, Brasil. Resultados: Do total de 778 biópsias realizadas, 44,5% eram nefropatias primárias e 28,5%, secundárias. A maior prevalência foi de glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal (GESF) [18,1%], seguida por nefropatia tubulointersticial (NTI) [15,9%] e nefropatia IgA (NIgA) [9,1%]. Houve crescente aumento da prevalência de NTI nos pacientes idosos e sem plano de saúde ao longo do período. Na análise multivariada, entre as glomerulopatias primárias, o sexo masculino apresentou maior risco para ocorrência de NIgA [OR=2,02, IC 95% 1,13-3,61; p=0,018], bem como foi um fator de proteção para ocorrência de glomerulonefrite lúpica (GNL) [OR=0,20, IC 95% 0,08-0,49; p < 0,001]. O avançar da idade e a dependência de plano público de saúde diminuíram a chance para o diagnóstico de GNL [OR=0,91, IC 95% 0,88-0,94, p < 0,001 e OR=0,45, IC 95% 0,21-0,96; p = 0,036, respectivamente]. Pacientes sem plano privado de saúde apresentaram mais chance de NTI [OR=1,77, IC 95%1,16-2,70; p = 0,008]. Conclusão: Sexo, idade e tipo de assistência médica podem estar relacionados à ocorrência de algumas nefropatias. O maior risco de NTI em indivíduos sem plano de saúde privado pode ser um indicativo de desigualdades no cuidado à saúde.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Studies based on kidney biopsies are important for the epidemiological understanding of nephropathies. OBJECTIVE: To describe the main nephropathies diagnosed through renal biopsies, and compare them with regards to gender, time, healthcare insurance and age. METHODS: A population-based retrospective study that reviewed all kidney disease diagnoses obtained by biopsy of a native kidney from pathology services between 2008 and 2019 in Joinville, Brazil. RESULTS: Of 778 biopsies performed, 44.5% were primary nephropathies and 28.5% were secondary. The highest prevalence was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) [18.1%], followed by tubulointerstitial nephropathy (TIN) [15.9%] and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) [9.1%]. There was a growing increase in the prevalence of TIN among elderly and uninsured patients over the period. In the multivariate analysis, among the primary glomerulopathies, males had a higher risk for the occurrence of IgAN [OR=2.02; 95% CI 1.13-3.61; p=0.018], as well as being a protective factor for the occurrence of lupus glomerulonephritis (LGN) [OR=0.20, 95% CI 0.08-0.49; p<0.001]. Advancing age and dependence on a public healthcare decreased the likelihood of having a diagnosis of LGN [OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.88-0.94, p < 0.001 and OR=0.45, CI 95 % 0.21-0.96; p = 0.036, respectively]. Patients without private healthcare insurance were more likely to have TIN [OR=1.77, 95%CI 1.16-2.70; p = 0.008]. CONCLUSION: Sex, age and type of medical healthcare insurance may be related to the occurrence of some nephropathies. The increased risk of TIN in individuals without a private healthcare plan may be an indication of inequalities in health care.