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Gomphrena celosioides, popularly known as perpétua, perpétua brava, bachelor´s button and prostate globe amarahth, is used for the treatment of urinary tract disorders, kidney stones, for skin diseases, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions. Rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, this plant has therefore a potential for use in cancer prevention. Given the above, the present research aimed to evaluate the carcinogenic effect of the ethanolic extract of G. celosioides (EEGc) in an alternative model of Drosophila melanogaster and the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects in Swiss mice. The larval survival test and the detection of epithelial tumor clones were performed in D. melanogaster. The tested EEGc concentrations were 0.96, 1.92, 3.85 and 7.70 mg/mL. In Swiss mice, the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of doses of 100, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/Kg were evaluated. The results showed that EEGc at a concentration of 7.70 mg/mL reduced (p<0.05) larval survival. However, EEGc was not carcinogenic, and the lowest concentration (0.96 mg/mL) prevented (p<0.05) the basal occurrence of epithelial tumors. In mice, EEGc at the highest dose (2,000mg/Kg) increased the frequency of genomic lesions (p<0.05). Yet, none of the doses caused chromosomal lesions (p>0.05). When associated with cyclophosphamide, EEGc was antigenotoxic (p<0.05). The percentages of reduction of genomic damage ranged from 33.39 to 63.23% and of chromosomal damage from 20.00 to 77.19%. In view of the above, it is suggested that EEGc is not carcinogenic, has an antigenotoxic effect and chemopreventive properties.

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Considered the economic engine of many countries, the coffee culture represents an important component of the agricultural chain in Brazil. The growing values of commercialization, planting areas, and crop productivity require the acquisition of quality seedlings, which must receive adequate nutritional support through efficient fertilizers. Slow and controlled-release fertilizers, such as organominerals, gain prominence when it comes to increasing efficiency in the use of phosphorus, as well as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) with phosphate solubilizing characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different sources of mineral and organomineral fertilizers, inoculated and non-inoculated with PGPB on the quality parameters of coffee seedlings. In general, the P sources used in the experiment positively interfered with the development of coffee seedlings. This proves that there is a need for nutritional supplementation for the good development of the seedlings. Among the sources used, the organomineral in granulated form showed better performance in coffee seedlings' growth and physiological parameters, proving to be a viable alternative to commonly used fertilizers. The addition of PGPB showed a significant advantage for seedling quality variables.

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Considered the economic engine of many countries, the coffee culture represents an important component of the agricultural chain in Brazil. The growing values of commercialization, planting areas, and crop productivity require the acquisition of quality seedlings, which must receive adequate nutritional support through efficient fertilizers. Slow and controlled-release fertilizers, such as organominerals, gain prominence when it comes to increasing efficiency in the use of phosphorus, as well as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) with phosphate solubilizing characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different sources of mineral and organomineral fertilizers, inoculated and non-inoculated with PGPB on the quality parameters of coffee seedlings. In general, the P sources used in the experiment positively interfered with the development of coffee seedlings. This proves that there is a need for nutritional supplementation for the good development of the seedlings. Among the sources used, the organomineral in granulated form showed better performance in coffee seedlings' growth and physiological parameters, proving to be a viable alternative to commonly used fertilizers. The addition of PGPB showed a significant advantage for seedling quality variables.

Considerado o motor econômico de muitos países, a cultura do café representa um importante componente da cadeia agrícola no Brasil. Os crescentes valores de comercialização, das áreas de plantio e da produtividade da cultura requerem aquisição de mudas de qualidade, que devem receber adequado aporte nutricional através do uso eficiente de fertilizantes. Fertilizantes de liberação lenta e controlada, a exemplo dos organominerais, ganham destaque quando se trata de aumento da eficiência no uso do fósforo, assim como as bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (BPCP) com características solubilizadoras de fosfato. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes de fertilizantes mineral e organomineral, inoculados e não inoculados com BPCP, sobre parâmetros de qualidade de mudas de café. De forma geral, as fontes de P utilizadas no experimento interferiram positivamente no desenvolvimento das mudas de café. Isso comprova que existe a necessidade de complementação nutricional para um bom desenvolvimento das mudas. Dentre as fontes utilizadas, o organomineral na forma granulada apresentou melhor desempenho nos parâmetros de crescimento e fisiológicos das mudas de café, mostrando ser uma alternativa viável aos fertilizantes comumente utilizados. A adição de BPCP apresentou vantagem significativa para as variáveis de qualidade das mudas.

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Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are considered important tools in regenerative medicine and are being tested in several clinical studies. Porcine models are frequently used to obtain adipose tissue, due to the abundance of material and because they have immunological and physiological similarities with humans. However, it is essential to understand the effects and safe application of ASCs from pigs (pASCs) as an alternative therapy for diseases. Although minipigs are easy-to-handle animals that require less food and space, acquiring and maintaining them in a bioterium can be costly. Thus, we present a protocol for the isolation and proliferation of ASCs isolated from adipose tissue of farm pigs. Adipose tissue samples were extracted from the abdominal region of the animals. Because the pigs were not raised in a controlled environment, such as a bioterium, it was necessary to carry out rigorous procedures for disinfection. After this procedure, cells were isolated by mechanical dissociation and enzymatic digestion. A proliferation curve was performed and used to calculate the doubling time of the population. The characterization of pASCs was performed by immunophenotyping and cell differentiation in osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. The described method was efficient for the isolation and cultivation of pASCs, maintaining cellular attributes, such as surface antigens and multipotential differentiation during in vitro proliferation. This protocol presents the isolation and cultivation of ASCs from farm pig as an alternative for the isolation and cultivation of ASCs from minipigs, which require strictly controlled maintenance conditions and a more expensive process.

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Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are considered important tools in regenerative medicine and are being tested in several clinical studies. Porcine models are frequently used to obtain adipose tissue, due to the abundance of material and because they have immunological and physiological similarities with humans. However, it is essential to understand the effects and safe application of ASCs from pigs (pASCs) as an alternative therapy for diseases. Although minipigs are easy-to-handle animals that require less food and space, acquiring and maintaining them in a bioterium can be costly. Thus, we present a protocol for the isolation and proliferation of ASCs isolated from adipose tissue of farm pigs. Adipose tissue samples were extracted from the abdominal region of the animals. Because the pigs were not raised in a controlled environment, such as a bioterium, it was necessary to carry out rigorous procedures for disinfection. After this procedure, cells were isolated by mechanical dissociation and enzymatic digestion. A proliferation curve was performed and used to calculate the doubling time of the population. The characterization of pASCs was performed by immunophenotyping and cell differentiation in osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. The described method was efficient for the isolation and cultivation of pASCs, maintaining cellular attributes, such as surface antigens and multipotential differentiation during in vitro proliferation. This protocol presents the isolation and cultivation of ASCs from farm pig as an alternative for the isolation and cultivation of ASCs from minipigs, which require strictly controlled maintenance conditions and a more expensive process.

RESUMEN

Three experiments were conducted to estimate the optimal digestible threonine to lysine ratios (Thr:Lys) of meat-type quails during the pre-starter (1 to 7 days), starter (8 to 14 days) and grower I (15 to 21 days) phases. In each experiment, 600 birds were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design into five treatments, consisting of five dietary Thr:Lys ratios (0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81 and 0.86%), with eight replicates of 15 quails each. Performance parameters and intestinal morphology were evaluated. During the pre-starter phase, feed intake, threonine intake, weight gain, and ileal villus height linearly increased (p 0.01) as dietary digestible Thr:Lys increased. During the starter phase, increasing digestible Thr:Lys ratios had a linear effect (p 0.01) on threonine intake and livability, and linear and quadratic effects (p 0.01) on feed intake. During the grower I phase, increasing digestible Thr:Lys ratios promoted linear increase in threonine intake and feed conversion ratio (p 0.05), and a linear decrease in weight gain. The estimated digestible Thr:Lys ratios recommended for meat-type quails are 0.85, 0.73 and 0.66%, for the pre-starter, starter and grower I phases, respectively.

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Three experiments were conducted to estimate the optimal digestible threonine to lysine ratios (Thr:Lys) of meat-type quails during the pre-starter (1 to 7 days), starter (8 to 14 days) and grower I (15 to 21 days) phases. In each experiment, 600 birds were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design into five treatments, consisting of five dietary Thr:Lys ratios (0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81 and 0.86%), with eight replicates of 15 quails each. Performance parameters and intestinal morphology were evaluated. During the pre-starter phase, feed intake, threonine intake, weight gain, and ileal villus height linearly increased (p 0.01) as dietary digestible Thr:Lys increased. During the starter phase, increasing digestible Thr:Lys ratios had a linear effect (p 0.01) on threonine intake and livability, and linear and quadratic effects (p 0.01) on feed intake. During the grower I phase, increasing digestible Thr:Lys ratios promoted linear increase in threonine intake and feed conversion ratio (p 0.05), and a linear decrease in weight gain. The estimated digestible Thr:Lys ratios recommended for meat-type quails are 0.85, 0.73 and 0.66%, for the pre-starter, starter and grower I phases, respectively.(AU)

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The pelvimetry consists of the metric determination of the pelvis dimensions and its use is directly related to the reproduction. The cartilage closure time of the ossification centers varies according to the bone, some closing already in the uterine life and others remaining present for many years. The objective was to evaluate, radiographically, the pelvic diameters by pelvimetry during the first 24 months of life in pacas, the second lagest Brazilian rodent and an animal that has shown big recent scientific interest, aiming the estimated age determination. Twelve pacas were used, which were monthly radiographed up from birth until 24 months old, with the animals anesthetized. The pacas are dolicopelvic animals and with pelvis presenting strong tendency to constant growth along the 12 first months of age, fact that can be useful in the approximated animals' age determination that do not have precise birth date, for example.(AU)

A pelvimetria consiste na determinação métrica das dimensões pélvicas, e sua utilização está diretamente relacionada à reprodução. O momento de fechamento da cartilagem dos centros de ossificação varia de acordo com o osso, algumas fechando já na vida uterina e outras permanecendo presentes por vários anos. Objetivou-se avaliar, radiograficamente, os diâmetros pélvicos, mediante pelvimetria, durante os 24 primeiros meses de vida de pacas, o segundo maior roedor brasileiro e sobre o qual tem havido grande interesse científico, para a determinação aproximada da idade. Foram utilizadas 12 pacas, as quais foram radiografadas mensalmente a partir do nascimento até 24 meses de idade, com os animais anestesiados. As pacas são animais dolicopélvicos e com pelve apresentando forte tendência ao crescimento constante durante os 12 primeiros meses de vida, o que pode ser útil na determinação aproximada da idade em animais que não possuem data precisa de nascimento, por exemplo.(AU)

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The pelvimetry consists of the metric determination of the pelvis dimensions and its use is directly related to the reproduction. The cartilage closure time of the ossification centers varies according to the bone, some closing already in the uterine life and others remaining present for many years. The objective was to evaluate, radiographically, the pelvic diameters by pelvimetry during the first 24 months of life in pacas, the second lagest Brazilian rodent and an animal that has shown big recent scientific interest, aiming the estimated age determination. Twelve pacas were used, which were monthly radiographed up from birth until 24 months old, with the animals anesthetized. The pacas are dolicopelvic animals and with pelvis presenting strong tendency to constant growth along the 12 first months of age, fact that can be useful in the approximated animals' age determination that do not have precise birth date, for example.(AU)

A pelvimetria consiste na determinação métrica das dimensões pélvicas, e sua utilização está diretamente relacionada à reprodução. O momento de fechamento da cartilagem dos centros de ossificação varia de acordo com o osso, algumas fechando já na vida uterina e outras permanecendo presentes por vários anos. Objetivou-se avaliar, radiograficamente, os diâmetros pélvicos, mediante pelvimetria, durante os 24 primeiros meses de vida de pacas, o segundo maior roedor brasileiro e sobre o qual tem havido grande interesse científico, para a determinação aproximada da idade. Foram utilizadas 12 pacas, as quais foram radiografadas mensalmente a partir do nascimento até 24 meses de idade, com os animais anestesiados. As pacas são animais dolicopélvicos e com pelve apresentando forte tendência ao crescimento constante durante os 12 primeiros meses de vida, o que pode ser útil na determinação aproximada da idade em animais que não possuem data precisa de nascimento, por exemplo.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Ketamine has been used as part of the multimodal analgesia technique in the acute perioperative period. The effect of perioperative intravenous small-dose ketamine on the quality of recovery from the patient point-of-view has not been assessed. We hypothesized that low-dose ketamine would enhance recovery following laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia. METHODS: One hundred thirty five patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: saline, ketamine 0.2 mg/kg, or ketamine 0.4 mg/kg immediately following the induction of anesthesia and before skin incision. The primary endpoint was assessed using the Quality of Recovery Questionnaire (QoR-40), a 40-item quality of recovery scoring system. In addition, early clinical recovery variables, such as time to eye opening, occurrence of nausea and vomiting, pain score, analgesic use, and length of PACU stay were assessed. RESULTS: No differences were detected in the total or individual dimension scores of the QoR-40 questionnaire. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, and other complications did not differ among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Small doses of ketamine do not improve the quality of recovery after remifentanil-based anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

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Ceramides constitute a group of lipids with usually high melting temperature that also favor negative curvature in membranes when mixed with other lipids. The short chain C10:0 ceramide is an asymmetric lipid which consists of an 18 carbon sphingosine base N-acylated with decanoic acid. According to high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry, it shows a minor exothermic peak at 61°C and a main endothermic transition at 75°C. By small angle X-ray scattering and polarized light microscopy we found that, at temperatures below the main transition, the fully hydrated lipid dispersions are arranged in a tridimensional structure corresponding to an inverted hexagonal phase. Infrared spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction indicated that the acyl chains of ceramides exhibit a relatively high order in the hexagonal phase. As far as we know, this is the first report of a lipid hexagonal phase having highly ordered acyl chains. Molecular asymmetry due to the different length of the sphingosine and the N-acyl chains of C10:0 ceramide may explain why this novel phase is formed.

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Hemoglobin (Hb) variants involving alpha-chains are less common in the global population than Hb variants resulting from beta-chain alterations. Generally, alpha-chain Hb variants are caused by point mutations affecting alpha-1 and/or alpha-2 genes of the alpha-globin cluster (HBA1 and HBA2). In Brazil, the most prevalent alpha-chain Hb variant is Hb Hasharon. In this study, we present the first case of an Hb Val de Marne variant in the Americas, specifically in Brazil.

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O presente experimento foi conduzido para determinar as exigências de lisina digestível para frangos de corte (linhagem Redbro), machos e fêmeas, durante o período de crescimento. Foram utilizados 630 frangos, alojados em 30 boxes com acesso à área de pastejo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2 (lisina e sexo), e três repetições com 21 aves cada. Os níveis de lisina digestível avaliados foram: 7,07; 8,07; 9,07; 10,07 e 11,07g/kg. Avaliou-se o consumo de lisina, o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Observou-se efeito de interação (P<0,05) entre os níveis de lisina e sexo para o ganho de peso. Houve efeito (P<0,01) dos níveis de lisina sobre o consumo de lisina, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Verificou-se que todas as variáveis foram influenciadas (P<0,05) pelo sexo dos frangos. Recomendam-se 10,08 e 9,49g de lisina digestível/kg de ração, correspondendo ao consumo estimado de 21 e 20g de lisina, para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, para melhor ganho de peso das aves. Para melhor conversão alimentar, recomendam-se 9,61g de lisina digestível/kg, para frangos de ambos os sexos, correspondendo ao consumo estimado de 20g de lisina.(AU)

This experiment was conducted to determine the requirements of digestible lysine in male and female free-range broiler chickens (Redbro lineage) during the growth phase. Six hundred and thirty broiler chickens were allocated in 30 pens with access to the pasture area. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5x2 (lysine and gender) factorial arrangement with 3 repetitions with 21 chickens each. The levels of digestible lysine evaluated were: 7.07, 8.07, 9.07, 10.07 and 11.07g/kg. The performance traits evaluated were lysine intake, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. An interaction effect (P<0.05) was observed between dietary lysine level and gender for body weight gain. There was an effect (P<0.01) of the levels of lysine on lysine intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. It was found that all the variables were affected (P<0.05) for the gender of chickens. We recommended 10.08 and 9.49 g of digestible lysine/kg diet, corresponding to the estimated intake of 21 and 20g of lysine, for males and females, respectively, for better body weight gain of chickens. For better feed conversion ratio, the recommendation is of 9.61 g of lysine/kg of diets, for chickens of both genders, corresponding to the estimated intake of 20g of lysine.(AU)

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UNLABELLED: This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified significant effects of whole body vibration (WBV) on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (in the sensitivity analysis and seven subgroup analyses), femoral neck (in one subgroup analysis), and trochanter (four subgroup analyses) in postmenopausal women, but not other measurements of BMD. INTRODUCTION: Interventions using WBV training have been conducted in postmenopausal women, aimed at increasing BMD; however, the results are contradictory. Our objective is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs examining WBV effect on BMD. METHODS: RCTs were considered eligible, with follow-up ≥6 months, which verified the effects of WBV on the BMD of postmenopausal women. The calculations of the meta-analysis were performed through the weighted mean difference between the WBV and control groups, or the WBV and combined training, through the absolute change between pre- and post-intervention in the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) or trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMDt). RESULTS: Fifteen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. No differences were observed in the primary analysis. WBV was found to improve aBMD compared with the control group, after exclusion of studies with low quality methodological (lumbar spine), when excluding the studies which combined WBV with medication or combined training (lumbar spine), with the use of low frequency and high magnitude (lumbar spine and trochanter), high frequency and low magnitude (lumbar spine), high cumulative dose and low magnitude (lumbar spine), low cumulative dose and high magnitude (lumbar spine and trochanter), with semi-flexed knee (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and trochanter), and side-alternating type of vibration (lumbar spine and trochanter). CONCLUSIONS: Despite WBV presenting potential to act as a coadjuvant in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis, especially for aBMD of the lumbar spine, the ideal intervention is not yet clear. Our subgroup analyses helped to demonstrate the various factors which appear to influence the effects of WBV on BMD, contributing to clinical practice and the definition of protocols for future interventions.

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Simvastatin is an antilipemic drug that promotes inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. Simvastatin can also inhibit the formation of other products, such as isoprenoids, conferring additional benefits to this drug, which include antiproliferative, anti-invasive and pro-apoptotic effects. This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the mutagenic/recombinogenic effect of simvastatin as well as the possible modulatory effects of this statin on the DNA damage induced by doxorubicin (DXR). This analysis was performed using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. To study these effects, larvae descendants of both crosses (ST and HB) were chronically treated with five concentrations of simvastatin, separately and in association with DXR. The results revealed no mutagenic/recombinogenic effect of simvastatin for any of the concentrations tested. A modulating effect of simvastatin was also observed on DNA damage induced by DXR. The reduction of total mutant frequency was observed for spots from descendants of both crosses, but the inhibition was more effective in descendants from the standard cross (ST). It is believed that this modulating effect is mainly associated with the antioxidant activity of this class of drugs, although this parameter has not been directly assessed in this study.

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O presente experimento foi conduzido para determinar as exigências de lisina digestível para frangos de corte (linhagem Redbro), machos e fêmeas, durante o período de crescimento. Foram utilizados 630 frangos, alojados em 30 boxes com acesso à área de pastejo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2 (lisina e sexo), e três repetições com 21 aves cada. Os níveis de lisina digestível avaliados foram: 7,07; 8,07; 9,07; 10,07 e 11,07g/kg. Avaliou-se o consumo de lisina, o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Observou-se efeito de interação (P<0,05) entre os níveis de lisina e sexo para o ganho de peso. Houve efeito (P<0,01) dos níveis de lisina sobre o consumo de lisina, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Verificou-se que todas as variáveis foram influenciadas (P<0,05) pelo sexo dos frangos. Recomendam-se 10,08 e 9,49g de lisina digestível/kg de ração, correspondendo ao consumo estimado de 21 e 20g de lisina, para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, para melhor ganho de peso das aves. Para melhor conversão alimentar, recomendam-se 9,61g de lisina digestível/kg, para frangos de ambos os sexos, correspondendo ao consumo estimado de 20g de lisina.(AU)

This experiment was conducted to determine the requirements of digestible lysine in male and female free-range broiler chickens (Redbro lineage) during the growth phase. Six hundred and thirty broiler chickens were allocated in 30 pens with access to the pasture area. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5x2 (lysine and gender) factorial arrangement with 3 repetitions with 21 chickens each. The levels of digestible lysine evaluated were: 7.07, 8.07, 9.07, 10.07 and 11.07g/kg. The performance traits evaluated were lysine intake, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. An interaction effect (P<0.05) was observed between dietary lysine level and gender for body weight gain. There was an effect (P<0.01) of the levels of lysine on lysine intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. It was found that all the variables were affected (P<0.05) for the gender of chickens. We recommended 10.08 and 9.49 g of digestible lysine/kg diet, corresponding to the estimated intake of 21 and 20g of lysine, for males and females, respectively, for better body weight gain of chickens. For better feed conversion ratio, the recommendation is of 9.61 g of lysine/kg of diets, for chickens of both genders, corresponding to the estimated intake of 20g of lysine.(AU)

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The competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, popularly known as statins, exert pleiotropic effects, which result from the ability of statins to inhibit the synthesis of isoprenoids, which are fundamental for the functioning of proteins responsible for intracellular signaling. Some recent studies suggest an important role associated with the use of antineoplastic atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, the statins most widely used today. In this study, the Drosophila wing spot test was used to evaluate possible protective effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin against damage induced by DXR. Larvae were chronically treated with negative control (ethanol 5%), positive control (DXR 0.125 mg/mL) and five different concentrations of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. The results demonstrated absence of a mutagenic effect for the two statins tested. The analysis of the descendants co-treated with DXR and atorvastatin/rosuvastatin revealed a modulatory effect of these statins on damage induced by DXR. This effect was verified in all concentrations tested in the descendants of the ST and HB crosses treated with rosuvastatin, and only in descendants of the HB cross treated with atorvastatin. Induction of apoptosis and antioxidant activity appear to be the main mechanisms involved in reducing the frequency of mutant spots and consequent modulation of the damage induced by DXR.

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The poultry market has changed due to a higher consumer interest on products with differentiated organoleptic characteristics, making of free-range broiler production a promising activity. This experiment was conducted to determine the digestible lysine requirements of Redbro Cou Nu male and female chickens during the starter phase (one to 21 days of age). Six hundred and thirty Redbro Cou Nu broilers were distributed into 30 pens (21 chickens/pen) according to a randomized complete design in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of five levels of digestible lysine and two sexes, with three replicates (pens) per treatments. Diets with increasing digestible lysine levels (8.1, 9.5, 10.9, 12.3 and 13.7 g of digestible lysine per kg of diet) were offered ad libitum. The following performance traits were evaluated at the end of the experiment (d 21): feed intake, lysine intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. No interaction between dietary lysine level and sex was observed for the evaluated traits. The effect of sex was only detected on body weight gain, while effects of dietary lysine level were only detected on the feed intake. Males presented higher body weight gain than females. Lysine intake and body weight gain increased, and feed conversion ratio decreased as the level of dietary lysine increased. The best feed conversion ratio was obtained when birds were fed 12.95 g of digestible lysine per kg of diet.

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A malária tem como agente etiológico um protozoário do gênero Plasmodium, cuja transmissão se dá por meio da picada do mosquito do gênero Anopheles que, por sua vez, já esteja infectado pelo protozoário. Os números de casos dessa doença no Estado de São Paulo (ESP), em geral, não são autóctones e apresentam queda desde o ano de 2012. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar as espécies de Plasmodium relacionadas com os casos notificados de malária no ESP de 2012 a 2014. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com base nos dados obtidos por meio de um levantamento realizado no sistema de informações DATASUS do Ministério da Saúde. Entre 2012 e 2014, foram notificados 2238 casos. Destas, foram 911 notificações confirmadas no ano de 2012, sendo 184 para P. falciparum, 476 de P. falciparum aliado ao gametócito de P. falciparum, 120 para P. vivax e 131 casos para P. falciparum aliado ao P. vivax. Já no ano de 2013, houve redução para 787 casos, sendo que dentre os casos, 172 foram causados por P. falciparum, 398 por P. falciparum com gametócito de P. falciparum, 113 por P. vivax e 104 por P. falciparum com P.vivax. Por fim, em 2014 foram 540 casos, sendo que 102 foram causados por P. falciparum, 281 por P. falciparum com gametócito de P. falciparum, 82 por P. vivax e 75 por P. falciparum com P. vivax. Conclui-se que o maior causador da malária no ESP foi o P. falciparum com gametócito de P.

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A malária tem como agente etiológico um protozoário do gênero Plasmodium, transmitido pela picada do mosquito do gênero Anopheles infectado pelo protozoário. Há uma redução no número de casos em grande parte do território brasileiro. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os números de casos notificados de malária nos Estados da região extra-amazônica no Brasil, bem como a principal espécie de Plasmodium relacionada. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, baseado nos dados de 2011 a 2014 obtidos por um levantamento de dados realizado no sistema de informações DATASUS do Ministério da Saúde. Na região Nordeste, Alagoas, demonstrou redução do número de casos entre 2011 e 2014, de 109 para 37, na Bahia, de 33 para 14, no Ceará de 19 para 9, em Pernambuco de 114 para 60, no Piauí de 196 para 136, na Paraíba de 112 e em Sergipe de 40 para 14. No Rio Grande do Norte, houve aumento de 23 casos para 26. Ao analisarmos a região centro-oeste no Distrito Federal houve decréscimo de 7 para 1 único caso, em Goiás de 6 para 4, no Mato Grosso do Sul de 7 para 5.Na região sudeste, no Espírito Santo houve decréscimo de 30 para 14, em Minas Gerais de 26 para 18, para 45, em São Paulo de 70 para 53 e no Rio de Janeiro de 97 para 34. Na Região Sul, no Rio Grande do Sul houve acréscimo de 18 para 22 casos e no Paraná decréscimo de 70 para 40 casos. Nota-se que 2011 teve o maior número de casos, com 1007 confirm