RESUMEN
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de cisteína (CIS), como agente antioxidante, no diluenteutilizado para criopreservação de espermatozoides equinos com histórico de sêmen com baixa congelabilidade.Três amostras seminais de sete garanhões foram obtidas por meio de vagina artificial, diluídas em meiocomercial (Botusêmen) e distribuídas em dois tratamentos: controle e CIS (2,5 mM de cisteína) ecriopreservadas. Após o descongelamento, as avaliações in vitro foram: cinética espermática computadorizada eavaliação da integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal por meio de sondas fluorescentes. Verificou-seque no grupo CIS o percentual de motilidade total e progressiva (23,95 ± 3,33; 4,66 ± 0,84), respectivamente, foisuperior em relação às amostras do grupo controle (11,38 ± 2,35; 2,04 ± 0,36), (P 0,05), quando se comparou grupo controle e cisteína, respectivamente. Levando-se em consideraçãoque a motilidade apresenta alta correlação com a fertilidade, os resultados sugerem que a adição de cisteína naconcentração de 2,5 mM ao meio diluente antes do congelamento de sêmen incrementa a qualidade dosespermatozoides criopreservados de animais considerados de baixa congelabilidade.
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of in vitro addition of cysteine (CIS) as antioxidantused for frozen semen of "bad freezer" stallions. Three semen samples from seven stallions were obtained byartificial vagina, diluted in commercial extender (Botusêmen) and splited in two treatments: control and CIS(2.5 mM of cysteine) and cryopreserved. After post-thaw, the analyzed parameters were: computerized analysisof sperm movement characteristics and acrosmal and plasma membrane integrity by fluorescent probes. Totaland progressive motility were higher (P 0.05) (12.5 ± 2.6 x 15.1 ± 2.6 and 24.2 ± 3.6 x 25.4 ± 3.85, respectively) betweenthe control and cysteine group. It is known that the motility is highly correlated with fertility so these resultssuggest that the addition of 2.5 mM of cysteine in the frozen extender medium before cryopreservation increasesthe seminal quality of "bad freezer" stallions.
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Animales , Caballos/embriología , Cisteína/análisis , Criopreservación/veterinariaRESUMEN
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de cisteína (CIS), como agente antioxidante, no diluenteutilizado para criopreservação de espermatozoides equinos com histórico de sêmen com baixa congelabilidade.Três amostras seminais de sete garanhões foram obtidas por meio de vagina artificial, diluídas em meiocomercial (Botusêmen) e distribuídas em dois tratamentos: controle e CIS (2,5 mM de cisteína) ecriopreservadas. Após o descongelamento, as avaliações in vitro foram: cinética espermática computadorizada eavaliação da integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal por meio de sondas fluorescentes. Verificou-seque no grupo CIS o percentual de motilidade total e progressiva (23,95 ± 3,33; 4,66 ± 0,84), respectivamente, foisuperior em relação às amostras do grupo controle (11,38 ± 2,35; 2,04 ± 0,36), (P < 0,01). Não houve diferençacom relação à integridade das membranas plasmática (12,5 ± 2,6 x 15,1 ± 2,6) e acrossomal (24,2 ± 3,6 x 25,4 ±3,85), (P > 0,05), quando se comparou grupo controle e cisteína, respectivamente. Levando-se em consideraçãoque a motilidade apresenta alta correlação com a fertilidade, os resultados sugerem que a adição de cisteína naconcentração de 2,5 mM ao meio diluente antes do congelamento de sêmen incrementa a qualidade dosespermatozoides criopreservados de animais considerados de baixa congelabilidade.(AU)
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of in vitro addition of cysteine (CIS) as antioxidantused for frozen semen of "bad freezer" stallions. Three semen samples from seven stallions were obtained byartificial vagina, diluted in commercial extender (Botusêmen) and splited in two treatments: control and CIS(2.5 mM of cysteine) and cryopreserved. After post-thaw, the analyzed parameters were: computerized analysisof sperm movement characteristics and acrosmal and plasma membrane integrity by fluorescent probes. Totaland progressive motility were higher (P < 0.01) in CIS group (23.95 ± 3.33; 4.66 ± 0.84) when compared withcontrol group (11.38 ± 2.35; 2.04 ± 0.36), respectively. Regarding plasma and acrosomal membrane integritythere was no difference (P > 0.05) (12.5 ± 2.6 x 15.1 ± 2.6 and 24.2 ± 3.6 x 25.4 ± 3.85, respectively) betweenthe control and cysteine group. It is known that the motility is highly correlated with fertility so these resultssuggest that the addition of 2.5 mM of cysteine in the frozen extender medium before cryopreservation increasesthe seminal quality of "bad freezer" stallions.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Caballos/embriología , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Cisteína/análisisRESUMEN
In Brazil, Ocimum species are commonly known as aromatic and restorative herbs. The present research aimed to study the chemical composition of the essential oils of fresh and dry basil (Ocimum sp) leaves obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The obtained yield was 0.70% for dry leaves and 0.26% for fresh leaves. The major compounds were: linalool (29.50-32.26%) and methyl chavicol (36.81-41.62%). Eucalyptol could also be detected (9.99-7.68%). The oil from dry leaves presented a more complex chemical composition. This study serves to contribute to the knowledge of medicinal plants occurring in Brazil.
No Brasil, as espécies de Ocimum são conhecidas como ervas aromáticas e restaurativas. Nesse trabalho foi estudado a composição química dos óleos essenciais das folhas frescas e secas de manjericão (Ocimum sp) obtido por hidrodestilação e analisados por CG-FID e CG-EM. Os teores encontrados foram de 0,70% para as folhas secas e 0,26% para as folhas frescas. Os componentes majoritários foram: Linalol (29,50-32,26%) e metil-chavicol (36,81-41,62%). Eucaliptol também foi detectado (9,99-7,68%). O óleo das folhas secas apresentou composição química mais complexa. Esse trabalho contribui para o conhecimento das plantas medicinais de ocorrência no Brasil.
Asunto(s)
Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ocimum basilicum/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the bioequivalence of three ibuprofen formulations (Test formulation: ibuprofen (400 mg capsule) manufactured by Cardinal Health Brasil 402 Ltda. (Sorocaba, Brazil) and licensed to Boehringer Ingelheim do Brasil Quim. e Farm. Ltda. (SA poundo Paulo, Brazil); Reference formulation (1): ibuprofen (AdvilA(R); 2 A 200 mg coated tablet) from Wyeth-Whitehall Ltda. (Itapevi, Brazil); Reference formulation (2): ibuprofen (AliviumA; 8 ml A 50 mg/ml solution) from Schering Plough S.A. (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)) in 24 healthy volunteers of both sexes. METHODS: The study was conducted using an open, randomized, three-period crossover design with at least 5-day washout interval. Plasma samples were obtained over a 24-h period. Plasma ibuprofen concentrations were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with negative ion electrospray ionization using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from the ibuprofen plasma concentration vs. time curves: AUC(last), AUC(trunctmax), AUC(inf) and C(max). RESULTS: The limit of quantification for ibuprofen was 0.1 microg A ml(1). The geometric mean with corresponding 90% confidence interval (CI) for Test/Reference (1) percent ratios were 114.24% (90% CI = 105.67, 123.50%) for C(max), 98.97% (90% CI = 94.69, 103.44%) for AUC(last) and 99.40% (90% CI = 95.21, 103.78%) for AUC(inf). The geometric mean and respective 90% confidence interval (CI) for Test/Reference (2) percent ratios were 108.38% (90% CI = 100.19, 117.25%) for C(max), 100.79% (90% CI = 96.39, 105.40%) for AUC(last) and 101.26% (90% CI = 96.94, 105.77%) for AUC(inf); t(max) for the 400 mg Test capsule was shorter than that for the 2 A 200 mg Reference (1) tablets (p < 0.002). CONCLUSION: Since the 90% CI for AUC(last), AUC(inf) and Cmax ratios were within the 80 - 125% interval proposed by the US FDA, it was concluded that ibuprofen formulation manufactured by Cardinal Health Brasil 402 Ltda. and licensed to Boehringer Ingelheim do Brasil Quim. e Farm. Ltda. is bioequivalent to the AdvilA and AliviumA formulations with regard to both the rate and the extent of absorption.