RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To design and validate a Brazilian version of the Animal Empathy Scale, based on the existing Portuguese version. METHODS: Content validity assessment was performed by expert judges, and the adapted scale was administered to a sample of 386 participants. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. RESULTS: The bifactorial profile of the scale remained consistent, comprising Empathic Concern for Animals (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients: 0.75) and Emotional Attachment with Animals (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients: 0.79). Considering the One Health framework, collaborative, multidisciplinary, and intersectoral approaches are essential for achieving optimal health conditions for people, animals, and the environment given their intricate interconnections. Empathy plays a crucial role in promoting proximity between humans and animals, fostering positive connections that encourage biodiversity conservation. CONCLUSION: The 13 statements were retained, confirming the validity of the animal empathy scale for use in Brazil, and a Brazilian version of the Animal Empathy Scale was established.
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Empatía , Humanos , Brasil , Masculino , Femenino , Animales , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adulto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Interacción Humano-Animal , Adolescente , Análisis Factorial , Vínculo Humano-Animal , Psicometría , TraduccionesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Propolis is a bee-made product used for centuries due to its diverse biological properties, including its immunomodulatory action. This work aimed at investigating whether propolis may affect monocyte functions challenged with retinoic acid (RA), B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (EtxB), human melanoma-associated antigen-1 (MAGE-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS: Monocytes from healthy donors were treated with the stimuli separately or in the presence of propolis. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay, cell marker expression was assessed by flow cytometry, cytokine production by ELISA, gene expression by RT-qPCR. KEY FINDINGS: Propolis alone maintained TLR-2, TLR-4, HLA-DR, CD40 and CD80 expression in the monocytes; however, its combination with either MAGE-1 or LPS decreased CD40 expression triggered by the stimuli. Propolis maintained RA action on cell marker expression. Propolis inhibited TNF-α (with either EtxB or MAGE-1) and IL-6 (with either RA or MAGE-1), and increased IL-10 (with MAGE-1) production. Propolis downmodulated LC3 expression induced by LPS. It also induced a lower NF-kB expression than control cells and its combination with RA induced a higher expression than the stimulus alone. CONCLUSIONS: Propolis potentially affected innate immunity by downmodulating the monocytes pro-inflammatory activity.
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Citocinas/metabolismo , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Própolis/farmacología , Adulto , Animales , Toxinas Bacterianas/inmunología , Abejas , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Brasil , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Enterotoxinas/inmunología , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/inmunología , Humanos , Monocitos/inmunología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Tretinoina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a type of bone cancer showing an aggressive biological behavior with metastatic progression. Because propolis potential for the development of new antitumoral drugs has been indicated, we evaluated the chemical composition of Colombian propolis samples and the mechanisms involved in their cytotoxic effects on OSA cells. The chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS and the DPPH free radical scavenging activity was measured. Cluster and principal components analysis were used to establish an association with their inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50 ). Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay; apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry; mitochondrial membrane permeability and reactive oxygen species were evaluated by rhodamine 123 and DCFH-DA. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the invasiveness of propolis-treated cells. Samples were grouped: Cluster 1 contained diterpenes and benzophenones and showed the highest antiradical activity; Cluster 2 was characterized by triterpenes, fatty acid, and diterpenes. Usm contained diterpenes and triterpenes different of the other samples and Sil contained triterpenes and flavonoids. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane alteration, and suppression of cell invasion were the main mechanisms involved in the inhibition of OSA cells in vitro, suggesting the potential of Colombian propolis to discover new antitumor drugs.
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Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Osteosarcoma/patología , Própolis/química , Própolis/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Neoplasias Óseas/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colombia , Citotoxinas/química , Citotoxinas/farmacología , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/farmacología , Enfermedades de los Perros/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Osteosarcoma/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/farmacología , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
AIMS: Chemotherapy has been widely used to treat cancer although it may affect non-target cells involved in the immune response. This work aimed at elucidating whether the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin in combination with geopropolis produced by Melipona fasciculata Smith could affect nontumor immune cells, evaluating their immunomodulatory effects on human monocytes. MAIN METHODS: Cell viability, expression of cell markers (HLA-DR, TLR-2, TLR-4, C80 and CD40), cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-10), intracellular pathways (NF-κB and autophagy), the microbicidal activity of monocytes and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: Data showed that doxorubicinâ¯+â¯geopropolis diminished IL-6 secretion, stimulated TNF-α and IL-10 production, TLR-4 and CD80 expression, NF-κB and autophagy pathway, as well as the bactericidal activity. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings revealed a new chemotherapeutic approach using doxorubicin simultaneously with geopropolis without affecting human monocytes viability and exerting immunomodulatory effects, favoring cell functions. While doxorubicin altered some immunological parameters, the addition of geopropolis compensated some changes.
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Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Própolis/farmacología , Adulto , Animales , Abejas , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/análisis , Citocinas/inmunología , Humanos , Monocitos/citología , Monocitos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Propolis is a natural product with a complex chemical composition. Its isolated compounds exert biological activities; however, its synergistic effects are unknown. The involvement of phenolic acids (caffeic - Caf, dihydrocinnamic - Cin and p-coumaric - Cou) alone or in combination was investigated in the action of propolis in human monocytes. METHODS: Cell viability was analysed by MTT assay; TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); cell markers expression by flow cytometry; colony-forming units were counted to assess the microbicidal activity; and H2 O2 production was analysed by colorimetric assay. KEY FINDINGS: Treatments did not affect monocytes viability. Propolis and combinations containing Caf enhanced TNF-α production by resting cells. Propolis, Cin, Cou and Caf + Cin stimulated IL-6 production. All treatments upregulated IL-10. In LPS-stimulated cells, treatments downregulated IL-6 and maintained TNF-α and IL-10 production. A lower TLR-2 expression was seen than propolis. Caf + Cin enhanced TLR-4 expression. Propolis, Caf and Caf + Cin stimulated H2 O2 production, whereas propolis, Cin, Cou, and Caf + Cin + Cou induced a higher fungicidal activity. Cin and Cin + Cou increased the bactericidal activity of human monocytes. CONCLUSION: Propolis activated human monocytes, and acids were involved differently in propolis activity.
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Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacología , Cumarinas/farmacología , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenilpropionatos/farmacología , Própolis/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Apiterapia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Monocitos/metabolismo , Própolis/química , Receptor Toll-Like 2/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Geopropolis (GEO) in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) reduced HEp-2 cells viability compared to GEO and DOX alone. A possible effect of this combination on the innate immunity could take place, and its effects were analysed on THP-1 cell - a human leukaemia monocytic cell line used as a model to study monocyte activity and macrophage activity, assessing cell viability, expression of cell markers and cytokine production. METHODS: THP-1 cells were incubated with GEO, DOX and their combination. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, cell markers expression by flow cytometry and cytokine production by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS: GEO + DOX did not affect cell viability. GEO alone or in combination increased TLR-4 and CD80 but not HLA-DR and TLR-2 expression. GEO stimulated TNF-α production while DOX alone or in combination did not affect it. GEO alone or in combination inhibited IL-6 production. CONCLUSIONS: GEO exerted a pro-inflammatory profile by increasing TLR-4 and CD80 expression and TNF-α production, favouring the activation of the immune/inflammatory response. GEO + DOX did not affect cell viability and presented an immunomodulatory action. Lower concentrations of DOX combined to GEO could be used in cancer patients, avoiding side effects and benefiting from the biological properties of GEO.