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INTRODUCTION: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the fourth most prevalent mental disorder and is a disabling condition. OCD is associated with anatomical and functional changes in the brain, in addition to dysfunctional cognitions. The treatments of choice are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and exposure and response prevention (ERP). Trial-based cognitive therapy (TBCT) is a recent and empirically validated psychotherapy with a focus on restructuring dysfunctional negative core beliefs (CBs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of TBCT relative to ERP for treatment of OCD. METHOD: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted, randomizing 26 patients for individual treatment with TBCT (n = 12) or ERP (n = 14). The groups were evaluated at baseline, at the end of 3 months (12 sessions), and at 3, 6, and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS: Both approaches reduced the severity of symptoms with large effect sizes. These results were maintained at the 12-month follow-up assessment. CONCLUSION: TBCT may be a valid and promising treatment for this disorder.

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Abstract Introduction Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the fourth most prevalent mental disorder and is a disabling condition. OCD is associated with anatomical and functional changes in the brain, in addition to dysfunctional cognitions. The treatments of choice are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and exposure and response prevention (ERP). Trial-based cognitive therapy (TBCT) is a recent and empirically validated psychotherapy with a focus on restructuring dysfunctional negative core beliefs (CBs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of TBCT relative to ERP for treatment of OCD. Methods A randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted, randomizing 26 patients for individual treatment with TBCT (n = 12) or ERP (n = 14). The groups were evaluated at baseline, at the end of 3 months (12 sessions), and at 3, 6, and 12-month follow-ups. Results Both approaches reduced the severity of symptoms with large effect sizes. These results were maintained at the 12-month follow-up assessment. Conclusion TBCT may be a valid and promising treatment for this disorder.

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Resumen Actualmente, se recomienda el ejercicio contra resistencia (ECR) como una de las estrategias no farmacológicas para el control y tratamiento de la presión arterial (PA). Sin embargo, es necesario profundizar esta línea de investigación. El propósito del estudio fue comparar el efecto del tipo de descanso al realizar ECR sobre la PA de participantes normotensos. Participaron nueve hombres; siguiendo un diseño de investigación de medidas repetidas, realizaron tres condiciones experimentales en orden aleatorio: a) Descanso Activo (DA), b) Descanso Pasivo (DP), c) Sesión Control. En las 3 sesiones, se midió la PA y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) pre-tratamiento, 1 minuto post-sesión y cada 10 minutos post-tratamiento durante 120 minutos. Las sesiones experimentales estuvieron precedidas por: mediciones antropométricas, familiarización y aplicación del test de 1RM. En el análisis estadístico se aplicó ANOVA de 2 vías para medidas repetidas, análisis de efectos simples y post hoc de Tukey. Entre los principales resultados, se encontró que, en comparación con la sesión control, los valores de PA disminuyen de forma significativa (p < .05): 1) al realizar ECR utilizando DP y DA a los 50, 100, 110 minutos post-ejercicio; 2) posterior a ejecutar ECR utilizando DA a los 20, 30, 70, 80,100, 120 minutos; 3) después de finalizada la sesión ECR con DP a los 10, 40 y 120 minutos. Respecto a la medición pre-test, los valores de PA disminuyeron de forma significativa (p < .05) a los 10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 100 y 120 minutos post ECR utilizando DP. En conclusión, al comparar con los valores de PA mostrados en un día de control, la ejecución de ECR aplicando DP y DA es funcional en el control de la PA de hombres jóvenes normotensos. En relación al pre-test, se podría indicar que el DP es el que promueve el efecto hipotensivo del ECR.

Abstract Resistance exercise is currently recommended as a non-pharmacological strategy to control and treat blood pressure, but further research is necessary concerning this topic. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effect of types of rest on the blood pressure of normotensive individuals while performing resistance exercise. Following a random methodological design with repeated measurements, nine men performed three experimental conditions on different days: a) Active Rest, b) Passive Rest, and c) Control Session. During the three sessions, blood pressure and heart rate measurements were taken pre-treatment, one-minute post-session, and every 10 minutes post-treatment for 120 minutes. Experimental sessions were preceded by anthropometric measurements, familiarization, and taking the 1RM test. The statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements and Tukey post-hoc analysis. One of the main results indicated that, compared to the control session, blood pressure decreased significantly (p<0.05): 1) When performing resistance exercise with active and passive rest at 50, 100, 110 minutes post-exercise; 2) After executing resistance exercise with active rest at 20, 30, 70, 80,100, and 120 minutes; 3) After performing resistance exercise session with passive rest at 10, 40, and 120 minutes. With respect to pre-test levels, blood pressure decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 100, and 120 minutes after performing resistance exercise with passive rest. In conclusion, compared with a control day, in the case of young normotensive males, the inclusion of both passive and active rest is functional for controlling blood pressure. In relation to the pre-test, passive rest promotes a hypotensive effect in the study population.

Resumo Recomenda-se, atualmente, o exercício contrarresistência (ECR) como uma das estratégias não farmacológicas para o controle e tratamento da pressão arterial (PA). Não obstante, é preciso aprofundamento nesta linha de pesquisa. O propósito do estudo foi comparar o efeito do tipo de descanso ao realizar ECR sobre a PA de participantes normotensos. Participaram nove homens; seguindo um desenho de pesquisa de medidas repetidas, realizaram três condições experimentais em ordem aleatória: a) Descanso Ativo (DA), b) Descanso Passivo (DP) e c) Sessão Controle. Nas 3 sessões, foram solicitadas a PA e a frequência cardíaca (FC) pré-tratamento, 1 minuto pós-sessão e a cada 10 minutos pós-tratamento durante 120 minutos. As sessões experimentais foram precedidas por: medições antropométricas, familiarização e aplicação do teste de 1RM. Na análise estatística aplicou-se a ANOVA de 2 vias com medidas repetidas, a análise de efeitos simples e o teste pós-hoc de Tukey. Entre os principais resultados, observou-se que, em comparação com a sessão controle, os valores de PA diminuíram de maneira significativa (p < 0,05): 1) ao realizar ECR, usando DP e DA nos 50, 100, 110 minutos pós-exercício; 2) posterior à execução do ECR usando DA nos 20, 30, 70, 80,100, 120 minutos; 3) depois de finalizar a sessão ECR com DP nos 10, 40 e 120 minutos. Com relação à medição pré-teste, os valores de PA diminuíram de maneira significativa (p < 0,05) nos 10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 100 e 120 minutos pós-ECR usando DP. Em conclusão, ao fazer a comparação com os valores de PA mostrados em um dia de controle, a execução de ECR aplicando DP e DA é funcional no controle da PA de homens jovens normotensos. Com relação ao pré-teste, poderia indicar-se que o DP é o promotor do efeito hipotensivo do ECR.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The osteogenic effects generated by different sports are the subject of a growing number of research projects. Regular physical activity is one of the main recommendations for the stimulation of bone mineral density (BMD). However, evidence has shown that not all physical activities promote similar effects. In this context, the osteogenic effects of swimming need to be clarified. Objective: To verify and compare total and regional BMD levels between male and female swimming athletes and university non-athletes. Methods: The sample, composed of 60 participants of both sexes, was divided into two groups: 30 swimming athletes (GA): 15 men (22.2 ± 3.92 years; 73.61 ± 16.55 kg; 1.76 ± 0.08 m) and 15 women (21.91 ± 2.21 years; 53.15 ± 8.36 kg; 1.64 ± 0.06 m) and a control group (CG): 30 university non-athletes: 15 men (20.73 ± 1.27 years; 74.4 ± 5.54 kg, 1.74 ± 0.04 m) and 15 women (19.93 ± 2.05 years; 59.72 ± 1.33 kg; 1.63 ± 0.004 m). BMD (total, arms, legs, pelvis and spine) was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The results were compared with one-way ANOVA using Scheffé's post hoc test, when necessary. Results: When compared with the women, the men of both groups presented superior results for all BMD values analyzed. In addition, GA had higher BMD of arms and spine when compared to the CG, both for males (p = 0.016 and p = 0.001, respectively) and females (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.011, respectively). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that young male adults, athletes and non-athletes, present higher levels of BMD than their peers of the opposite sex. In addition, the results suggest that when undertaken for competitive purposes and with a weekly training volume of 12 hours or more, swimming may be beneficial for the bone development of young athletes when compared to non-athlete controls. Level of evidence III; Retrospective comparative study.

RESUMO Introdução: Os efeitos osteogênicos gerados pelas diferentes modalidades esportivas são alvo de um crescente número de investigações. A prática regular de atividades físicas é uma das principais recomendações para a estimulação da densidade mineral óssea (DMO). Entretanto, as evidências têm demonstrado que nem todas as atividades físicas promovem efeitos semelhantes. Nesse contexto, os efeitos osteogênicos da natação precisam ser esclarecidos. Objetivo: Verificar e comparar os níveis de DMO, total e regional, entre atletas de natação de ambos os sexos e universitários não atletas. Métodos: A amostra, composta por 60 participantes de ambos os sexos, foi dividida em dois grupos: 30 atletas de natação (GA): 15 homens (22,2±3,92 anos; 73,61±16,55 Kg; 1,76±0,08 m) e 15 mulheres (21,91±2,21 anos; 53,15±8,36 Kg; 1,64±0,06 m) e um grupo controle (GC): 30 universitários não atletas: 15 homens (20,73±1,27anos; 74,4±5,54 Kg; 1,74±0,04 m) e 15 mulheres (19,93±2,05 anos; 59,72±1,33 Kg; 1,63±0,004 m). As DMO (total, dos braços, pernas, pelve e coluna) foram medidas com utilização da absorciometria radiológica de dupla energia (DXA). Os resultados foram comparados com auxílio da ANOVA One-Way utilizando, quando necessário, o teste post hoc de Scheffé. Resultados: Quando comparados com as mulheres, os homens dos dois grupos apresentaram resultados superiores para todas as DMO analisadas. Além disso, o GA apresentou maiores DMO de braços e de coluna quando comparado ao GC, tanto para homens (p=0,016 e p=0,001, respectivamente) quanto para mulheres (p=0,0001 e p=0,011, respectivamente). Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que os jovens adultos do sexo masculino, atletas e não atletas, apresentam maiores níveis de DMO que seus pares do sexo oposto. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que, quando praticado com objetivo competitivo e com volume de treinamento semanal igual ou superior a 12 horas, a natação pode ser benéfica para o desenvolvimento ósseo de jovens atletas, quando comparado com o grupo controle não atletas. Nível de evidência III; Estudo retrospectivo comparativo.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los efectos osteogénicos generados por las diferentes modalidades deportivas son objeto de un creciente número de investigaciones. La práctica regular de actividades físicas es una de las principales recomendaciones para la estimulación de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO). Entretanto, las evidencias han demostrado que no todas las actividades físicas promueven efectos semejantes. En ese contexto, los efectos osteogénicos de la natación precisan ser esclarecidos. Objetivo: Verificar y comparar los niveles de DMO, total y regional, entre atletas de natación de ambos sexos y universitarios no atletas. Métodos: La muestra, compuesta por 60 participantes de ambos sexos, fue dividida en dos grupos: 30 atletas de natación (GA): 15 hombres (22,2±3,92 años; 73,61±16,55 Kg; 1,76±0,08 m) y 15 mujeres (21,91±2,21 años; 53,15±8,36 Kg; 1,64±0,06 m) y un grupo control (GC): 30 universitarios no atletas: 15 hombres (20,73±1,27 años; 74,4±5,54 Kg; 1,74±0,04 m) y 15 mujeres (19,93±2,05 años; 59,72±1,33 Kg; 1,63±0,004 m). Las DMO (total, de los brazos, piernas, pelvis y columna) fueron medidas con el uso de la absorciometría radiológica de doble energía (DXA). Los resultados fueron comparados con auxilio de ANOVA One-Way utilizando, cuando fuera necesario, el test post hoc de Scheffé. Resultados: Cuando comparados con las mujeres, los hombres de los dos grupos presentaron resultados superiores para todas las DMO analizadas. Además, el GA presentó mayores DMO de brazos y de columna cuando comparado al GC, tanto para hombres (p=0,016 e p=0,001, respectivamente) como para mujeres (p=0,0001 y p=0,011, respectivamente). Conclusión: Los resultados del presente estudio demuestran que los jóvenes adultos del sexo masculino, atletas y no atletas, presentan mayores niveles de DMO que sus pares del sexo opuesto. Además, los resultados sugieren que, cuando practicado con objetivo competitivo y con volumen de entrenamiento semanal igual o superior a 12 horas, la natación puede ser benéfica para el desarrollo óseo de jóvenes atletas, cuando comparado con el grupo control no atletas. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio retrospectivo comparativo.

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Abstract High blood pressure is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and a risk factor for several diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive power of anthropometric indicators of obesity and establish their cutoff points as discriminators of hypertension and identify the anthropometric indicator of obesity that best discriminates high blood pressure in the elderly. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 300 older adults, 167 (56.5%) women. The following anthropometric indicators of obesity were measured: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist / height ratio (WHtR) and conicity index. Moreover, systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were collected. To identify hypertension predictors, the analysis of receiver operating curves (ROC) with 95% confidence interval was adopted. Subsequently, cutoff points with their respective sensitivities and specificities were identified. Analyses were carried out considering 5% significance level. It was observed that some anthropometric indicators of obesity showed area under the curve (AUC) significant with BMI = 0.60 (0.50 to 0.70); WHtR = 0.61 (0.51 to 0.71); conicity index = 0.58 (0.58 to 0.68) in men. The different cutoff points of anthropometric indicators with better predictive power and their respective sensitivities and specificities were identified. The best areas under the ROC curve were for BMI, WHtR and conicity index for men; however, such measures were not satisfactory to predict high blood pressure in women.

Resumo A pressão arterial elevada é uma das principais causas de mortalidade em âmbito mundial e fator de risco para diversas doenças. Objetivou-se determinar o poder preditivo de indicadores antropométricos de obesidade e estabelecer os pontos de corte como discriminadores de pressão arterial elevada e identificar o indicador antropométrico de obesidade que melhor discrimina a pressão arterial elevada em idosos. Estudo transversal com amostra de 300 idosos, sendo 167 (56,5%) mulheres. Foram avaliados os seguintes indicadores antropométricos de obesidade: índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), razão cintura/estatura (RCEst) e índice de conicidade. Ademais, coletaram-se medidas de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica. Para identificação dos preditores de pressão arterial elevada, foi adotada a análise das curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Posteriormente, identificaram-se os pontos de corte com as respectivas sensibilidades e especificidades. As análises foram efetuadas respeitando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Observou-se que alguns indicadores antropométricos de obesidade apresentaram Área Sob a Curva (ASC) significativas, sendo o IMC = 0,60 (0,50-0,70); RCEst = 0,61 (0,51-0,71); Índice Conicidade = 0,58 (0,58-0,68), nos homens. Os diversos pontos de corte dos índices antropométricos com melhores poderes preditivos e as respectivas sensibilidades e especificidades foram identificados. As melhores ASC foram para IMC, RCEst e Índice de Conicidade para os homens, porém tais medidas não foram satisfatórias para predizer a pressão arterial elevada em mulheres.

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Abstract This study aimed to verify the association between health-related physical fitness and academic performance in adolescents. Overall, 326 students aged 15-18 years of the Federal Institute of Sergipe (IFS) participated in this cross-sectional study. Data relating to physical fitness were collected by applying the following tests: body mass index, sit and reach, abdominal in one minute and one mile running, which comprise the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance testing battery. Academic performance was measured by the grades of two-month period in the disciplines that comprise the following areas of knowledge: languages and codes, natural sciences and humanities, obtained from the IFS school record. Students with average grades ≥ 6.0 were considered on satisfactory academic performance. The prevalence of physical unfitness in the sample was 15.8% (girls 15.4%; boys 16.4%) in body composition, 32.3% (girls 23.1%; boys 41.5%) in flexibility, 93.0% (95.8% girls; 90.2% boys) in muscular strength and 86.9% (85.3% girls; 88.5% boys) in cardiorespiratory endurance. On academic performance, the prevalence of adolescents below the average grade was 8.8% (girls 5.6%; boys 12.0%) in languages and codes, 24.5% (girls 19.5%; boys 29.5%) in natural sciences and 12.8% (girls 11.9%; boys 13.7%) in humanities. Adolescents with low cardiorespiratory endurance levels were more likely to have worse academic performance (OR=2.39; CI95%=1.05 to 5.44). It was concluded that low cardiorespiratory endurance levels were associated with worse academic performance.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre os componentes da aptidão física relacionada à saúde e o desempenho acadêmico em adolescentes. Participaram desse estudo transversal 326 estudantes de 15 a 18 anos do Instituto Federal de Sergipe (IFS). Os dados relativos à aptidão física foram coletados mediante aplicação dos seguintes testes: índice de massa corporal, sentar e alcançar, abdominal em 1 minuto e corrida de uma milha, que compõem a bateria de testes da American Aliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. O desempenho acadêmico foi medido pelas notas do bimestre nas disciplinas que compõem as áreas de conhecimento: linguagens e códigos, ciências da natureza e ciências humanas, obtidas junto ao registro escolar do IFS. Estudantes com médias ≥ 6,0 foram considerados com desempenho acadêmico satisfatório. A prevalência de inaptidão física na amostra foi de 15,8% (moças 15,4%; rapazes 16,4%) na composição corporal, 32,3% (moças 23,1%; rapazes 41,5%) na flexibilidade, 93,0% (moças 95,8%; rapazes 90,2%) na força/resistência muscular e 86,9% (moças 85,3%; rapazes 88,5%) na resistência cardiorrespiratória. Sobre o desempenho acadêmico, a prevalência de adolescentes abaixo da média foi de 8,8% (moças 5,6%; rapazes 12,0%) nas linguagens e códigos, 24,5% (moças 19,5%; rapazes 29,5%) nas ciências da natureza e 12,8% (moças 11,9%; rapazes 13,7%) nas ciências humanas. Adolescentes com baixos níveis de resistência cardiorrespiratória apresentaram mais chances de terem pior desempenho acadêmico (OR=2,39; IC95%=1,05-5,44). Conclui-se que baixo nível de resistência cardiorrespiratória se associou com pior desempenho acadêmico.

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UNLABELLED: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of laser and LED therapies, associated with lateral decubitus position and flexion exercises of the lower limbs in patients with lumbar disk herniation (LDH). It is a randomized blinded clinical trial. Fifty-four subjects with LDH L4-L5 and L5-S1 were selected and randomly allocated into groups: laser 904 nm, placebo, and LED 945 nm. The numbers of subjects for each group that completed the treatment were 18, 13, and 18, respectively. Twelve points over the lumbar spine region (L2 to S1) and eight points on the injured thigh in the path of the lumbar roots L5 and S1 were irradiated. Irradiation parameters for each point were as follows: laser wavelength 904 ± 10 nm, average power 0.038 ± 20 % W, irradiated area 0.16 cm(2), energy per point 4 J, and treatment time per point 104 s; LED wavelength 945 ± 15 nm, power 0.1 W, irradiated area 1.0cm(2), energy per point 4 J, and treatment time per point 40 s. Lateral decubitus opposite to the side of the radicular was the standard position for all patients. After phototherapy and laser placebo sessions, the subjects performed sequences of flexion exercises of the lower limbs (ten per session) for 15 daily sessions. VARIABLES STUDIED: pain intensity assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), degree of flexion of the affected hip measured by the universal goniometer and functional capacity assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index. The three groups had statistically significant improvement in lumbar and radicular pain, in hip mobility, and in the functional disability index (p ≤ 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.024) in radicular pain between the groups, gait claudication and Oswestry Disability Index. We can conclude that in the treatment of L4-L5 and L5-S1 LDH with radiculopathy, LED, associated with lateral decubitus position and flexion exercises of the lower limbs, showed better therapeutic performance for radicular pain, gait claudication, and functional disability.

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PURPOSE: Criterion-referenced cut-points for health-related fitness measures are lacking. This study aimed to determine the associations between aerobic fitness and high blood pressure levels (HBP) to determine the cut-points that best predict HBP among adolescents. METHOD: This cross-sectional school-based study with sample of 875 adolescents aged 14-19 years was conducted in southern Brazil. Aerobic fitness was assessed using the modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test (mCAFT). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by the oscillometric method with a digital sphygmomanometer. Analyses controlled for sociodemographic variables, physical activity, body mass and biological maturation. RESULTS: Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that mCAFT measures could discriminate HBP in both sexes (female: AUC = 0.70; male: AUC = 0.63). The cut-points with the best discriminatory power for HBP were 32 mL·kg-1·min-1 for females and 40 mL·kg-1·min-1 for males. Females (OR = 8.4; 95% CI: 2.1, 33.7) and males (OR: 2.5; CI 95%: 1.2, 5.2) with low aerobic fitness levels were more likely to have HBP. CONCLUSION: mCAFT measures are inversely associated with BP and cut-points from ROC analyses have good discriminatory power for HBP.

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The aim of this study was to identify prevalence and factors associated with violent behavior among adolescents in Aracaju and Metropolitan region. The study included 2207 adolescents (16.03±1.08 years old) enrolled in high schools of the State Public Network. Violent behavior was identified from question 14 of the YRBS-2007 questionnaire with responses categorized as "never" and "one or more times." Higher prevalence in males in relation to risk factors for adoption of violent behavior was found: cigarette consumption (7.3%), alcohol consumption (39.1%), and marijuana use (3.4%). Data analysis used descriptive statistics and logistic regression with hierarchical model at two levels: (a) sociodemographic variables and (b) behavioral variables. For both sexes, association between violent behavior and cigarette smoking (OR=3.77, CI 95%=2.06-6.92 and OR=1.99, CI 95%=1.04 to 3.81, male and female, resp.) and alcohol consumption (OR=3.38, CI 95%=2.22 to 5.16 and OR=1.83, CI 95%=1.28 to 2.63, male and female, resp.) was verified. It was concluded that violent behavior is associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes among adolescents.

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BACKGROUND: Resistance exercise effects on cardiovascular parameters are not consistent. OBJECTIVES: The effects of resistance exercise on changes in blood glucose, blood pressure and vascular reactivity were evaluated in diabetic rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group (n = 8); sedentary diabetic (n = 8); and trained diabetic (n = 8). Resistance exercise was carried out in a squat device for rats and consisted of three sets of ten repetitions with an intensity of 50%, three times per week, for eight weeks. Changes in vascular reactivity were evaluated in superior mesenteric artery rings. RESULTS: A significant reduction in the maximum response of acetylcholine-induced relaxation was observed in the sedentary diabetic group (78.1 ± 2%) and an increase in the trained diabetic group (95 ± 3%) without changing potency. In the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, the acetylcholine-induced relaxation was significantly reduced in the control and trained diabetic groups, but not in the sedentary diabetic group. Furthermore, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in mean arterial blood pressure was observed in the sedentary diabetic group (104.9 ± 5 to 126.7 ± 5 mmHg) as compared to that in the control group. However, the trained diabetic group showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the mean arterial blood pressure levels (126.7 ± 5 to 105.1 ± 4 mmHg) as compared to the sedentary diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance exercise could restore endothelial function and prevent an increase in arterial blood pressure in type 1 diabetic rats.

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Background: Resistance exercise effects on cardiovascular parameters are not consistent. Objectives: The effects of resistance exercise on changes in blood glucose, blood pressure and vascular reactivity were evaluated in diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group (n = 8); sedentary diabetic (n = 8); and trained diabetic (n = 8). Resistance exercise was carried out in a squat device for rats and consisted of three sets of ten repetitions with an intensity of 50%, three times per week, for eight weeks. Changes in vascular reactivity were evaluated in superior mesenteric artery rings. Results: A significant reduction in the maximum response of acetylcholine-induced relaxation was observed in the sedentary diabetic group (78.1 ± 2%) and an increase in the trained diabetic group (95 ± 3%) without changing potency. In the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, the acetylcholine-induced relaxation was significantly reduced in the control and trained diabetic groups, but not in the sedentary diabetic group. Furthermore, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in mean arterial blood pressure was observed in the sedentary diabetic group (104.9 ± 5 to 126.7 ± 5 mmHg) as compared to that in the control group. However, the trained diabetic group showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the mean arterial blood pressure levels (126.7 ± 5 to 105.1 ± 4 mmHg) as compared to the sedentary diabetic group. Conclusions: Resistance exercise could restore endothelial function and prevent an increase in arterial blood pressure in type 1 diabetic rats. .

Fundamento: Os efeitos do exercício resistido sobre os parâmetros cardiovasculares não são consistentes. Objetivos: Foram avaliados os efeitos do exercício resistido sobre as alterações na glicemia, reatividade vascular e pressão arterial de ratos diabéticos. Métodos: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em três grupos: grupo controle (n = 8), diabético sedentário (n = 8) e diabético treinado (n = 8). O exercício resistido foi realizado no aparelho de agachamento para ratos e consistiu em três séries de dez repetições com uma intensidade de 50%, três vezes por semana, durante 8 semanas. As alterações na reatividade vascular foram avaliadas em anéis de artéria mesentérica superior. Resultados: Foi observada uma redução significativa da resposta máxima dos relaxamentos induzidos por acetilcolina no grupo diabético sedentário (78,1% ± 2) e um aumento do grupo diabético treinado (95 ± 3%), sem alterar a potência. Na presença de NG-nitro-L-arginina metil éster, os relaxamentos induzidos por acetilcolina foram significativamente reduzidos nos grupos controle e diabético treinado, mas não no grupo diabético sedentário. Além disso, foi observado um aumento significativo (p < 0,05) da pressão arterial média no grupo diabético sedentário de 104,9 ± 5 para 126,7 ± 5 mmHg, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Por outro lado, o grupo diabético treinado apresentou redução significativa (p < 0,05) nos níveis da pressão arterial média de 126,7 ± 5 mmHg para 105,1 ± 4 mmHg, quando comparado ao diabético sedentário. Conclusões: O exercício resistido foi capaz de restaurar a funcionalidade endotelial e impedir o aumento da pressão arterial em ratos com ...

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INTRODUCTION: The Telephone Survey has several attractions, such as low operational costs and speed the process, when compared to the Household Survey. However, the exclusion of house holds without a landline phone canpose a serious question of the valid it yof the estimates. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the use of post stratification adjustments to correct the potential biasdue to low coverage of landline phonein the results published in the Vigitel system. METHODS: We compared the prevalence obtained by the Household Survey and the Vigitel, in Aracaju, Sergipe, where 49% of households had a telephone, calculating the differences measured between the surveys thatused the square root mean square error as a measure of accuracy of the estimate. RESULTS: The Household Survey showed ten variables associated with landline phone. From this set of variables, post stratification weights corrected the potential bias of the consumption of beans in five or more days per week, vegetables intake regularly and recommended self-assessment of health as bad and morbidity of diabetes,while the weights partially eliminated the bias of the prevalence of asthma, possession of health insurance coverage and prevention of breast cancer in women aged 50 to 59 years. CONCLUSIONS: In order to reduce the potential bias in the results published by Vigitel system, in areas with low telephone coverage, it becomes necessary to use alternative weighting procedures and selection strategy of external variables for construction of post-stratification weights.

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INTRODUCTION: The Telephone Survey has several attractions, such as low operational costs and speed the process, when compared to the Household Survey. However, the exclusion of house holds without a landline phone canpose a serious question of the valid it yof the estimates. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the use of post stratification adjustments to correct the potential biasdue to low coverage of landline phonein the results published in the Vigitel system. METHODS: We compared the prevalence obtained by the Household Survey and the Vigitel, in Aracaju, Sergipe, where 49% of households had a telephone, calculating the differences measured between the surveys thatused the square root mean square error as a measure of accuracy of the estimate. RESULTS: The Household Survey showed ten variables associated with landline phone. From this set of variables, post stratification weights corrected the potential bias of the consumption of beans in five or more days per week, vegetables intake regularly and recommended self-assessment of health as bad and morbidity of diabetes,while the weights partially eliminated the bias of the prevalence of asthma, possession of health insurance coverage and prevention of breast cancer in women aged 50 to 59 years. CONCLUSIONS: In order to reduce the potential bias in the results published by Vigitel system, in areas with low telephone coverage, it becomes necessary to use alternative weighting procedures and selection strategy of external variables for construction of post-stratification weights. .

INTRODUÇÃO: O Inquérito por Telefone, quando comparado ao Inquérito Domiciliar, apresenta vários atrativos, em especial baixo custo operacional e rapidez do processo de divulgação de resultados. No entanto, a exclusão de domicílios sem telefone fixo pode apresentar problemas na validade externa das estimativas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do uso de pós-estratificação para corrigir vícios decorrentes da baixa cobertura de domicílios com telefone nos resultados divulgados no sistema Vigitel. MÉTODOS: Comparar resultados levantados no Inquérito Domiciliar com Vigitel no município de Aracaju, Sergipe, cuja cobertura era de 49% de telefonia fixa. O vício do Vigitel foi expresso pela diferença entre as prevalências do Vigitel e do Inquérito Domiciliar, sendo calculada a raiz quadrada do erro quadrático médio como medida de acurácia da estimativa. RESULTADOS: O Inquérito Domiciliar apontou dez variáveis associadas à posse de linha telefônica residencial (LTR). Desse conjunto de variáveis, os pesos de pós-estratificação corrigiram os vícios potencias do consumo de feijão em cinco ou mais dias por semana, consumo de folhas, legumes e verduras (FLV) regularmente e recomendado, autoavaliação de saúde considerada ruim e morbidade referida de diabetes,enquanto os pesos eliminaram parcialmente o vício da prevalência de asma, posse de plano de saúde e a cobertura de prevenção de câncer de mama em mulheres de 50 a 59 anos. CONCLUSÕES: Tendo em vista a redução dos vícios potencias nos resultados divulgados pelo sistema Vigitel, em regiões de baixa cobertura de telefone fixo, torna-se necessário o uso de procedimentos de ponderação alternativo e a estratégia de seleção ...

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Levels of aerobic fitness of children and adolescents are declining worldwide, which results in increased health risks. In Brazil, approximately 60% of the students present levels of fitness lower than recommended for age and sex. Our objective was to determine the influence of sexual maturation and physical activity level on cardiorespiratory fitness of schoolchildren of both sexes aged 9-14 years. This was a cross-sectional including a sample of 747 individuals (47.12% female) aged 9 to 14 years enrolled in public schools. The participants completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and a questionnaire on sexual maturation, and performed the shuttle run test. In order to verify the influence of sexual maturation on VO2max, students were categorized according to maturation stage (prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal), sex, and interaction between sex and maturation. ANOVA was used to compare mean maturation stages and to assess whether sex and maturation affect VO2max. There was influence of maturation (p <0.0001; Eta2 = 0.069, power = 1) and sex (p <0.0001; Eta2 = 0.059, power = 1) on aerobic fitness. VO2max values were different between the maturation stages in both sexes, and between sexes at the same maturation stage. Maturation influenced VO2max with a decreasing linear trend (p <0.0001; Eta2 = 0.221, power = 1) for females. An influence of maturation and physical activity level on cardiorespiratory fitness was observed in schoolchildren of Aracaju city.

Níveis de aptidão aeróbica de crianças e adolescentes estão declinando em todo o mundo, enquadrando-se em risco para a saúde. No Brasil, aproximadamente, 60% dos escolares apresentam níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória abaixo do recomendado para a idade e sexo. O objetivo foi verificar a influência da maturação sexual e do nível de atividade física na aptidão cardiorrespiratória em escolares de ambos os sexos com idade de 9 a 14 anos. O estudo foi transversal com amostra composta por 747 indivíduos (47,12% do sexo feminino) e idade de 9 a 14 anos, matriculados na rede pública de ensino. Os indivíduos responderam o PAQ-C e o questionário sobre maturação sexual, além de participarem do shuttle run test. Para verificar a influência no VO2máx, os participantes foram categorizados em pré-púberes, púberes e pós-púberes e de acordo com o sexo e a interação (sexo vs maturação). Foi utilizada a ANOVA para comparar as médias dos estágios de maturação e para avaliar se o sexo e a maturação afetavam o VO2máx. Houve influência da maturação (p < 0,0001; Eta2 = 0,069; power = 1) e do sexo (p < 0,0001; Eta2 = 0,059; power = 1) na aptidão aeróbica. O VO2máx entre os estágios de maturação foi diferente entre os sexos. A maturação influenciou o VO2máx com tendência decrescente e linear (p < 0,0001; Eta2 = 0,221; power = 1) para o sexo feminino. Verificou-se influência da maturação e do nível de atividade física na aptidão cardiorrespiratória em escolares da cidade de Aracaju.

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O objetivo do presente estudo é verificar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio sobre a reatividade vascular em artéria mesentérica de ratos diabéticos. Ratos Wistar foram divididos em três grupos: controle sedentário (CS), diabético sedentário (DS) e diabético treinado (DT). Alterações na reatividade vascular foram avaliadas após a última sessão de treinamento, por meio da obtenção de curvas concentração-resposta. Os testes t de Student ou análise de variância (ANOVA) de duas-vias, seguida do pós-teste de Bonferroni, foram realizados para avaliar a significância das diferenças entre as médias. Foi observada uma redução dos relaxamentos induzidos por acetilcolina no grupo DS (79,7 ± 3,0 %), quando comparado ao CS (98,8 ± 3,0) e uma manutenção dos valores normais no grupo DT (100,1 ± 5,3 %). Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento aeróbio é capaz de proporcionar efeitos benéficos na função vascular de ratos diabéticos.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training on the vascular reactivity in the mesenteric artery from diabetic rats. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary diabetic (SD) and trained diabetic (TD). Changes in vascular reactivity were assessed after the last training session by obtaining concentration-response curves. Student's t-test or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Bonferroni post-test were performed to evaluate the significance of differences between means. A reduction was observed in the relaxation induced by acetylcholine in the SD group (79.7 ± 3.0%) compared to SC (98.8 ± 3.0%), and maintenance of normal values ​​in the TD group (100.1 ± 5.3%). The results suggest that exercise training can have beneficial effects on vascular function in diabetic rats.

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O presente artigo apresenta o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (Mestrado em Educação Física), cujo início ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2012. Tem como área de concentração Atividade Física, Saúde e Esporte e linhas de pesquisa: atividade física relacionada à saúde e qualidade de vida; fatores determinantes da prática e do rendimento esportivo; adaptações morfofuncionais do exercício físico. Está conceituado pela CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) com nota três, oferece seleção anual e está direcionado a graduados em Educação Física e áreas afins.

This paper presents the Physical Education Graduate Program at Sergipe Federal University (Master of Physical Education), which started in 2012. The areas of concentration are Physical Activity, Health and Sports, and under the following research directions: physical activity and health-related quality of life; determinant factors of practice and physical performance; morphofunctional adaptations of the physical exercise. The Program has been ranked by CAPES with a grade three, offering annual application for candidates graduated in physical education and related areas.

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FUNDAMENTO: Uma das dificuldades para a manutenção da aderência de longo prazo a exercícios é a distância entre domicílio e local de exercício. OBJETIVO: Determinar, para um programa de exercício físico supervisionado (PES) privado, a influência da distância domicílio-PES sobre a aderência. MÉTODOS: Foram identificados 976 sujeitos e selecionados 796 que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. A distância domicílio-PES foi obtida pelo Google Maps. A aderência foi determinada em quartis (meses): de 1 a 4, 5 a 12, 13 a 36 e mais de 36. As condições clínicas foram estratificadas como: saudáveis; obesos e/ou hipertensos e/ou dislipidêmicos e/ou diabéticos sem doença coronariana; coronariopatas e outros agravos como câncer, pânico e doenças respiratórias. A distância domicílio-PES foi dividida em (km): até 1, entre 1 e 3, entre 3 e 10, e mais de 10. Para a análise estatística, utilizaram-se a ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis e o quiquadrado. RESULTADOS: Dos participantes, 46% residiam até 3 km, 39% entre 3 e 10 km e cerca de 15% moravam a mais de 10 km do local de realização do PES. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as medianas dos meses de permanência no PES em função da distância domicílio-PES (p = 0,11). CONCLUSÃO: Para um determinado PES privado da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e funcionando de segunda a sábado com livre escolha de horário, a distância domicílio-PES não influenciou na aderência dos participantes. Isso provavelmente se deveu à qualidade do serviço prestado e/ou a ausência de opções mais próximas do local de domicílio dos participantes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

BACKGROUND: One of the difficulties in maintaining long-term adherence to exercise is the distance from home to the place of exercise. OBJECTIVE: To determine, for a private supervised exercise program (PSEP), the influence of the home-PSEP distance on adherence. METHODS: We identified 976 individuals and selected 796 who met the inclusion criteria. The home-PSEP distance was obtained by the Google Maps. Adherence was determined by quartiles (months): 1-4, 5-12, 13-36 and more than 36. The clinical conditions were stratified as healthy, obese and/or hypertensive and/or dyslipidemic and/or diabetic patients without coronary disease; coronary artery disease patients and other health problems like cancer, respiratory disease and panic. The home-PSEP distance was divided into (km): up to 1, 1 to 3, 3 to 10 and more than 10. For the statistical analysis, we used the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and the chi-square test. RESULTS: Of respondents, 46% lived up to 3 km, 39% lived between 3 and 10 km and about 15% lived more than 10 kilometers from the place of the PSEP. No differences were found between the medians of the months of participation in the PSEP as a function of home-PSEP distance (p = 0.11). CONCLUSION: For a given PSEP in the city of Rio de Janeiro, open from Monday through Saturday with free choice of time, the home-PSEP distance did not influence the adherence of participants. This was probably due to the quality of the service and/or lack of places closer to the participants’ home. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

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BACKGROUND: One of the difficulties in maintaining long-term adherence to exercise is the distance from home to the place of exercise. OBJECTIVE: To determine, for a private supervised exercise program (PSEP), the influence of the home-PSEP distance on adherence. METHODS: We identified 976 individuals and selected 796 who met the inclusion criteria. The home-PSEP distance was obtained by the Google Maps. Adherence was determined by quartiles (months): 1-4, 5-12, 13-36 and more than 36. The clinical conditions were stratified as healthy, obese and/or hypertensive and/or dyslipidemic and/or diabetic patients without coronary disease; coronary artery disease patients and other health problems like cancer, respiratory disease and panic. The home-PSEP distance was divided into (km): up to 1, 1 to 3, 3 to 10 and more than 10. For the statistical analysis, we used the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and the chi-square test. RESULTS: Of respondents, 46% lived up to 3 km, 39% lived between 3 and 10 km and about 15% lived more than 10 kilometers from the place of the PSEP. No differences were found between the medians of the months of participation in the PSEP as a function of home-PSEP distance (p = 0.11). CONCLUSION: For a given PSEP in the city of Rio de Janeiro, open from Monday through Saturday with free choice of time, the home-PSEP distance did not influence the adherence of participants. This was probably due to the quality of the service and/or lack of places closer to the participants' home.

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Objetivou-se analisar o estilo de vida de acadêmicos de Educação Física de uma universidade pública do estado de Sergipe, Brasil. A amostra probabilística foi de 217 alunos da Universidade Federal de Sergipe com 20,6 (±3,1) anos de idade, sendo 105 da licenciatura e 112 do bacharelado. Da amostra analisada, 3,3% (IC95%: 0,9-1,6) apresentou um estilo de vida inadequado. A maior parte dos alunos, 57,4% (IC95%: 50,7-64,0), não atendeu as recomendações para atividade física. Estudantes da licenciatura estavam mais inadequados que os do bacharelado no conjunto do estilo de vida global e nas condutas de sono, cinto de segurança, estresse e sexo seguro. Os achados contribuem para que a universidade elabore campanhas e programas de extensão no campus para promoção do estilo de vida saudável.

The objective was to analyze the lifestyle in Physical Education students at a public university in Sergipe, Brazil. The random sample was 217 students at Federal University of Sergipe, 20.6 (± 3.1) years old, with 105 of the graduate and 112 of the bachelor. The prevalence of inappropriate lifestyle was 3.3% (95%CI: 0.9-1.6) among the students studied. Most students, 57.4% (95%CI: 50.7 -64.0), didn't meet recommendations for physical activity. The graduate students were more inadequate than bachelor's students in the global lifestyle and in the sleep, safety belt, stress and safe sex behaviors. The findings contribute to the university to develop campaigns and outreach programs on campus to promote healthier lifestyle.

Se tuvo como objetivo analizar el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de Educación Física en una universidad pública en Sergipe, Brasil. La muestra aleatoria de 217 estudiantes de la Universidad Federal de Sergipe con 20.6 (± 3.1) años de edad, siendo 105 estudiantes de graduación e 112 de bachillerato. El estudio demonstró que 3.3% (IC 95%: 0,9 - 1,6) tenía un estilo de vida inadecuado. La mayoría de los estudiantes, 57,4% (IC 95%: 50,7 - 64,0), no cumplir con las recomendaciones de actividad física. Los estudiantes de graduación fueron más inadecuados que el bachillerato en todo el estilo de vida global y en el comportamiento del sueño, estrés, cinturón de seguridad y sexo seguro. Los resultados contribuyen a la universidad para desarrollar campañas y programas de extensión en el campus para promover el saludable estilo de vida.

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Objetivou-se verificar o impacto do comportamento sedentário na aptidão física de mulheres a partir de 50 anos de idade. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo transversal com 298 mulheres a partir de 50 anos (59,8±7,2), divididas em relação ao comportamento sedentário em: Grupo de risco (n=103); Grupo sem risco (n=195). Coletaram-se variáveis antropométricas (massa corporal (kg), estatura (cm), dobra cutânea do tríceps (mm) e perímetro da cintura (cm)); percentual de gordura por meio de Impedância Bioelétrica; nível de atividade física; testes de aptidão física (flexibilidade, resistência abdominal, força de membros superiores e aptidão aeróbia). Usou-se a análise de covariância (ANCOVA) para comparar o desempenho nos testes físicos das mulheres em relação ao comportamento sedentário, adotando nível de significância de 5 por cento. Mulheres com comportamento sedentário de risco apresentaram piores desempenhos tanto na força de membros superiores (12,0±0,7 repetições) quanto na aptidão aeróbia (23,3±0,5 ml/kg/min) em comparação às mulheres sem comportamento de risco (p<0,05). A prática de atividades físicas pode ser estimulada para esse grupo etário, com o intuito de minimizar os efeitos do processo de envelhecimento.

The purpose of this study was to verify the association between sedentary behavior and physical fitness of women aged 50 and older. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 298 women in this age range (mean, 59.8±7.2 years), divided into an at-risk group (n=103) and a non-risk group (n=195) according to sedentary behavior. Anthropometric variables were collected (body mass [kg], height [cm], triceps skinfold thickness [mm] and waist circumference [cm]), and body fat percentage was measured by bioelectrical impedance. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare performance on physical tests in relation to sedentary behavior, adopting a significance level of 5 percent. Physical activity level was measured and physical fitness tests (flexibility, abdominal resistance, upper body strength, and aerobic fitness) were administered. At-risk women who exhibited sedentary behavior performed worst on upper body strength (12.0±0.7 repetitions) and aerobic fitness (23.3±0.5 ml/kg/min) when compared to those who had no risky behavior (p<0.05). Physical activity can be encouraged in this age group in order to minimize the effects of aging.