RESUMEN
Phenotypic differences have been described between patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) and SSc-associated pulmonary hypertension, including performance differences in the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Moreover, the correlations between the 6MWT and traditional pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are weak, indicating the need to search for new parameters that explain exercise performance. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the impact of ventilation distribution heterogeneity assessed by the nitrogen single-breath washout (N2SBW) test and peripheral muscle dysfunction on the exercise capacity in patients with SSc-ILD and limited involvement of the pulmonary parenchyma. In this cross-sectional study, 20 women with SSc-ILD and 20 matched controls underwent PFTs (including spirometry, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco), and the N2SBW test) and performed the 6MWT and knee isometric dynamometry. The 6-min walking distance (6MWD, % predicted) was strongly correlated with the phase III slope of the single-breath nitrogen washout (phase III slopeN2SBW) (r=-0.753, P<0.0001) and reasonably correlated with the forced vital capacity (FVC) (r=0.466, P=0.008) and DLco (r=0.398, P=0.011). The peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during exercise was not significantly correlated with any of the pulmonary or muscle function parameters. The phase III slopeN2SBW was the only predictive variable for the 6MWD, whereas quadriceps strength and FVC/DLco were predictive variables for SpO2. Ventilation distribution heterogeneity is one factor that contributes to a lower 6MWD in SSc-ILD patients. In addition, muscle dysfunction and abnormal lung diffusion at least partly explain the decreased SpO2 of these patients.
Asunto(s)
Tolerancia al Ejercicio/fisiología , Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/fisiopatología , Pulmón/fisiología , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria/métodos , Esclerodermia Sistémica/complicaciones , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/etiología , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/etiología , Mediciones del Volumen Pulmonar/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ventilación Pulmonar , Enfermedad de Raynaud/complicaciones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Capacidad Vital/fisiología , Prueba de Paso/métodosRESUMEN
Phenotypic differences have been described between patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) and SSc-associated pulmonary hypertension, including performance differences in the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Moreover, the correlations between the 6MWT and traditional pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are weak, indicating the need to search for new parameters that explain exercise performance. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the impact of ventilation distribution heterogeneity assessed by the nitrogen single-breath washout (N2SBW) test and peripheral muscle dysfunction on the exercise capacity in patients with SSc-ILD and limited involvement of the pulmonary parenchyma. In this cross-sectional study, 20 women with SSc-ILD and 20 matched controls underwent PFTs (including spirometry, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco), and the N2SBW test) and performed the 6MWT and knee isometric dynamometry. The 6-min walking distance (6MWD, % predicted) was strongly correlated with the phase III slope of the single-breath nitrogen washout (phase III slopeN2SBW) (r=−0.753, P<0.0001) and reasonably correlated with the forced vital capacity (FVC) (r=0.466, P=0.008) and DLco (r=0.398, P=0.011). The peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during exercise was not significantly correlated with any of the pulmonary or muscle function parameters. The phase III slopeN2SBW was the only predictive variable for the 6MWD, whereas quadriceps strength and FVC/DLco were predictive variables for SpO2. Ventilation distribution heterogeneity is one factor that contributes to a lower 6MWD in SSc-ILD patients. In addition, muscle dysfunction and abnormal lung diffusion at least partly explain the decreased SpO2 of these patients.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria/métodos , Esclerodermia Sistémica/complicaciones , Tolerancia al Ejercicio/fisiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/fisiopatología , Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Pulmón/fisiología , Enfermedad de Raynaud/complicaciones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Capacidad Vital/fisiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/etiología , Ventilación Pulmonar , Prueba de Paso/métodos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/etiología , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Mediciones del Volumen Pulmonar/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Quantum dots (QDs) are outstanding nanomaterials of great interest to life sciences. Their conjugation versatility added to unique optical properties, highlight these nanocrystals as very promising fluorescent probes. Among uncountable new nanosystems, in the last years, QDs conjugated to glycans or lectins have aroused a growing attention and their application as a tool to study biological and functional properties has increased. SCOPE OF REVIEW: This review describes the strategies, reported in the literature, to conjugate QDs to lectins or carbohydrates, providing valuable information for the elaboration, improvement, and application of these nanoconjugates. It also presents the main applications of these nanosystems in glycobiology, such as their potential to study microorganisms, the development of diseases such as cancer, as well as to develop biosensors. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: The development of glyconanoparticles based on QDs emerged in the last decade. Many works reporting the conjugation of QDs with carbohydrates and lectins have been published, using different strategies and reagents. These bioconjugates enabled studies that are very sensitive and specific, with potential to detect and elucidate the glycocode expressed in various normal or pathologic conditions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Produce a quick reference source over the main advances reached in the glyconanotechnology using QDs as fluorescent probes.
Asunto(s)
Glicoconjugados , Nanotecnología/métodos , Puntos Cuánticos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Técnicas Biosensibles , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Carbohidratos/análisis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Técnicas de Química Analítica/métodos , Fluorescencia , Glicoconjugados/administración & dosificación , Glicoconjugados/química , Glicoconjugados/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Lectinas/administración & dosificación , Lectinas/química , Nanopartículas del Metal , Modelos Moleculares , Micología/métodos , Nanotecnología/tendencias , Neoplasias/química , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Imagen Óptica/métodos , Parasitología/métodos , Puntos Cuánticos/administración & dosificación , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Puntos Cuánticos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
A hemácia é carregada negativamente, principalmente devido ao ácido siálico que gera um potencial elétrico denominado Potencial Zeta que impede a aglutinação intravascular. Os testes de hemaglutinação na rotina transfusional, necessitam de substâncias potencializadoras, das quais muitas agem diminuindo o Potencial Zeta para se ter maior sensibilidade. Através da pinça óptica, ferramenta capaz de capturar células utilizando a luz, foi proposta uma metodologia para quantificar o potencial zeta e aplicar em hemácias coletadas com EDTA e estocadas em CPD-SAGM (visando avaliar alterações de cargas da membrana relacionadas a lesões de armazenamento. Os potenciais zeta em CPD-CAGM foram superiores (-14,8 mV) aos em EDTA (-7,9 mV) e decrescentes a partir do primeiro dia de armazenamento, estabilizando-se a partir da terceira semana com potencial zeta -7,6 mV. Hemácias com CPD-SAGM apresentaram potencial zeta maior, pois possivelmente este conservante evitou lesões mais significativas da membrana que poderiam alterar as cargas. A redução do potencial zeta no armazenamento pode ser consequência de enzimas liberadas de leucócitos lisados que tenham alterado as glicoforinas da membrana. A metodologia permitiu avaliar o potencial zeta em diferentes condições e poderá contribuir na padronização de técnicas de hemaglutinação com diferentes meios potencializadores e no melhor conhecimento das lesões de estocagem para fins transfusionais.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Edético , Transfusión de Eritrocitos , Eritrocitos , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Hematología , Pinzas Ópticas , Potencial zetaRESUMEN
Handroanthus serratifolius produces flowers during the dry season in the Cerrado biome, and it may be an important food source to some bird species. For Psittacidae species, like Forpus xanthopterygius, flowers are important in their diet. This study intended to characterize the behavior of F.xanthopterygius and evaluate the damage to the flowering and in the reproduction of H. serratifolius. Four individuals of H. serratifolius were observed for 60 hours to register size of groups, the time and duration of visit, and the number of flowers predated by F.xanthopterygius. The groups that visited the plants had between 2 and 12 individuals. The mean time of visits was 60.31 minutes (+/-22.29). The size of groups was correlated to number of flowers predated and was influenced by number of flowers offered. During the flowering, each H. serratifolius individual loses approximately 1,052 flowers per week.
Asunto(s)
Bignoniaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Flores , Loros/fisiología , Animales , Densidad de Población , Dinámica Poblacional , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
Determinaram-se a degradabilidade potencial (DP) e a digestibilidade intestinal da proteína não degradada no rúmen (DIPNDR) do capim-elefante em diferentes idades de rebrote (30, 45 e 60 dias) e comparou-se a técnica do saco de náilon móvel (in situ) com o método de três estádios (in vitro). Para tanto, utilizaram-se seis novilhos mestiços canulados no rúmen e duodeno alimentados exclusivamente com capim-elefante picado. O ensaio de degradabilidade foi realizado com amostras do capim incubadas no rúmen por 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120h. A digestibilidade intestinal foi determinada utilizando-se os resíduos de incubação por 24 horas. Na técnica in situ os resíduos em sacos de náilon foram colocados no duodeno e recuperados nas fezes. No método in vitro, os resíduos foram submetidos à digestão com HCl-pepsina-pancreatina. Em amostras de capim com idades de 30, 45 e 60 dias foram observados valores de DP da proteína de 87,5; 87,8 e 83,8 por cento, respectivamente. A DIPNDR variou com a idade do capim e foi semelhante entre os métodos in situ e in vitro somente para o capim com 60 dias. O método in situ apresentou estimativa de digestibilidade intestinal mais coerente com as mudanças na composição química do capim-elefante decorrentes do envelhecimento.(AU)
The potential degradability (PD) and intestinal digestibility of ruminal escape protein (IDREP) of elephant-grass at 30, 45, and 60 days of regrowth were determined and the mobile bag technique (in situ) was compared to the three-stage method (in vitro). Thus, six cross-bred steers with rumen and duodenum canulas were used and fed exclusively with chopped elephant grass. The degradability trial was carried out with grass samples incubated in rumen by 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. The intestinal digestibility was determined using 24-h ruminal incubation residue. In the in situ technique, residues in nylon bags were placed in duodenum and recovered in feces. In the in vitro method, residues were digested with solution of HCl-pepsin-pancreatin. In samples of grass at 30, 45, and 60 days of age, the values of protein PD were 87.5, 87.8, and 83.8 percent, respectively. The IDREP ranged with grass age and it was similar between in situ and in vitro methods only for 60-day old grass. Considering the changes in elephant-grass chemical composition due to aging, the in situ method supplied a more coherent estimative of intestinal digestibility.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Rumen , Absorción Intestinal , Pennisetum/metabolismo , BovinosRESUMEN
Determinaram-se a degradabilidade potencial (DP) e a digestibilidade intestinal da proteína não degradada no rúmen (DIPNDR) do capim-elefante em diferentes idades de rebrote (30, 45 e 60 dias) e comparou-se a técnica do saco de náilon móvel (in situ) com o método de três estádios (in vitro). Para tanto, utilizaram-se seis novilhos mestiços canulados no rúmen e duodeno alimentados exclusivamente com capim-elefante picado. O ensaio de degradabilidade foi realizado com amostras do capim incubadas no rúmen por 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120h. A digestibilidade intestinal foi determinada utilizando-se os resíduos de incubação por 24 horas. Na técnica in situ os resíduos em sacos de náilon foram colocados no duodeno e recuperados nas fezes. No método in vitro, os resíduos foram submetidos à digestão com HCl-pepsina-pancreatina. Em amostras de capim com idades de 30, 45 e 60 dias foram observados valores de DP da proteína de 87,5; 87,8 e 83,8 por cento, respectivamente. A DIPNDR variou com a idade do capim e foi semelhante entre os métodos in situ e in vitro somente para o capim com 60 dias. O método in situ apresentou estimativa de digestibilidade intestinal mais coerente com as mudanças na composição química do capim-elefante decorrentes do envelhecimento.
The potential degradability (PD) and intestinal digestibility of ruminal escape protein (IDREP) of elephant-grass at 30, 45, and 60 days of regrowth were determined and the mobile bag technique (in situ) was compared to the three-stage method (in vitro). Thus, six cross-bred steers with rumen and duodenum canulas were used and fed exclusively with chopped elephant grass. The degradability trial was carried out with grass samples incubated in rumen by 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. The intestinal digestibility was determined using 24-h ruminal incubation residue. In the in situ technique, residues in nylon bags were placed in duodenum and recovered in feces. In the in vitro method, residues were digested with solution of HCl-pepsin-pancreatin. In samples of grass at 30, 45, and 60 days of age, the values of protein PD were 87.5, 87.8, and 83.8 percent, respectively. The IDREP ranged with grass age and it was similar between in situ and in vitro methods only for 60-day old grass. Considering the changes in elephant-grass chemical composition due to aging, the in situ method supplied a more coherent estimative of intestinal digestibility.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Absorción Intestinal , Pennisetum/metabolismo , RumenRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to make use of sports as a rehabilitation method, as well as to assess the physical, psychological, and social aspects of those present some physical handicap, particularly those who have some kind of chronic disease and are no longer taking part in any rehabilitation program. Thirty handicapped people were evaluated: fifteen started with basketball and fifteen with swimming, according either to the specific preference of each one of them or to the degree and kind of physical impairment. They were submmited to the following evaluations: clinical examination, physiotherapy assessment, social interview and use of the Rivermead Social Scale, functional classification of the sport, use of the Barthel and Rivermead Functional Scales, and the psychological profile test (POMS). After two years, no relevant change in the moving evolution of the athletes were reported. Concerning the POMS psychological test, both basketball and swimming groups presented with high vigor and low depression levels. Considering the social aspects, both groups presented substantial improvement, specially regarding their relationship to one person or more people and also in the everyday activities (be it social, leisure, or domestic), thus leading them to better social integration. This essay shows that sport can bring people who are physically impaired a better social integration and physical conditions.
Asunto(s)
Baloncesto , Personas con Discapacidad/rehabilitación , Ajuste Social , Natación , Adolescente , Adulto , Personas con Discapacidad/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas PsicológicasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate epidemiological aspects of blood pressure (BP) levels, and the prevalence of arterial hypertension in a representative sample of the whole elementary and high school population of the city of Belo Horizonte (state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil). To describe the blood pressure levels found and the prevalence of BP levels above the 90th and 95th percentiles in the first and second measurements. To evaluate prevalence using four different normality references separately to assess the impact of choice of reference. To study the frequency at which the students blood pressure has been evaluated.METHODS: In an observational cross-sectional epidemiological study, we studied a sample of 1005 students, aged 6 to 18 year, randomized from an universe of 486,166 students from the 521 public and private elementary and high schools in the city. Each student was evaluated by means of a personal interview, anthropometric measurements, and two blood pressure measurements in a single visit and at a 10-minute interval.RESULTS: The systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, by age and gender, were slightly lower than those described by the Task Force Report (1987) and by Rosner et al. (1993). The prevalence of BP levels (systolic or diastolic) over the 95th percentile were, according to the reference used: 8.7% - Task Force Report (1987); 5.5% - Rosner et al. (1993); 6.5% - Update on the Task Force Report (1996); and 9.8% - the 95th percentile from our own study. In the second measurement these prevalence rates dropped to 4.9%; 2.4%; 3.5% and 5.8%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: We present a detailed description (mean values and standard deviations, and the 90th, 95th and 99th percentiles by age and gender) of the BP levels found in both measurements. Mean values and upper percentiles found in this study are very close to those found in the American references, which validates the current use of these references in Brazil. The prevalence of 9.0% of BP levels above the 90th percentile in two measurements made at random hints at the number of children who should be monitored for hypertension, and reinforces the importance of routine evaluation of blood pressure at every pediatric examination.
RESUMEN
Hepatoportal sclerosis is the term used to name a clinicopathological condition responsible for non-chirrotic portal hypertension. A three cases report of children with hepatoportal sclerosis is presented associated with portal vein thrombosis. The first two patients presented as main complaint upper digestive hemorrhage and the third one was admitted for investigation of hepatosplenomegaly. The ultrasonographic exam revealed alterations indicative of extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis in the three cases. The patients underwent liver biopsy for they had presented altered liver enzymes. The main histological findings were: subintimal sclerosis, portal fibrosis and telangiectases of the intrahepatic venous branches, consistent with the diagnosis of hepatoportal sclerosis. The three patients showed good evolution, being the hemorrhage controlled in the first two cases through esclerotherapy of esophageal varices.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión Portal/etiología , Vena Porta , Trombosis/complicaciones , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Fibrosis , Humanos , Hipertensión Portal/patología , Masculino , Vena Porta/patología , EsclerosisRESUMEN
Este artigo relata dois casos de cirurgia reconstrutiva de lábio superior em pacientes que apresentavam carcinoma espinocelular, aplicando a técnica de Bürrow. Esta técnica é mais usada em lábio inferior, pois nao invade unidade estética. Optamos por utilizar esta técnica também em lábio superior aplicando uma variaçao da incisao na comissura labial, conseguindo, assim, um resultado estético e funcional significativo.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de los Labios/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Cirugía Plástica , Labio/cirugíaRESUMEN
This work is a exploratory research based on the analysis of the answers to the questionnaires of 52 students and health care professionals knowledge about AIDS sexual prevention, biosecurity, diagnosis tests, patients and workers rights and the modifications of nursing and medical care to this kind of disease.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/prevención & control , Docentes , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Estudiantes del Área de la Salud , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/diagnóstico , Adulto , Evaluación Educacional , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudiantes del Área de la Salud/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Two cases are reported of reconstructive surgery of the upper lip in patients who had squamous cell carcinoma, using the Bürrow technique. This technique is more used in lower lips because it does not involve esthetic unity. We have opted for it in the upper lip also, using a variation in the lip commissure incision, getting a significant functional and esthetic result.