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Resumen Introducción: El consumo de cannabis y de cocaína constituye un problema global que afecta la salud bucal. La mayoría de las investigaciones se han realizado en hombres, en programas de rehabilitación. Objetivo: describir y comparar consultas y diagnósticos odontológicos de mujeres consumidoras y no consumidoras de cocaína y/o cannabis, por un período de 4 años. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Grupos comparados de mujeres consumidoras y no consumidoras de cannabis y/o cocaína, seleccionadas en el posparto en un hospital público. Resultados: la edad promedio en ambos grupos fue de 22 años, sin diferencias en nivel educativo. Las mujeres del grupo de consumidoras (n=29) fueron mayormente policonsumidoras, realizaron más consultas odontológicas de emergencias (p=0,0002), y presentaron más gingivitis y periodontitis (p=0,0001) que las no consumidoras (n=58). Conclusiones: las mujeres consumidoras de cannabis y/o cocaína realizaron más consultas por emergencias, y presentaron con mayor frecuencia diagnóstico de gingivitis y periodontitis que las no consumidoras.

Resumo Introdução: O uso de cannabis e cocaína é um problema global que afeta a saúde bucal. A maior parte da pesquisa foi feita em homens, em programas de reabilitação. Objetivo: descrever e comparar consultas e diagnósticos odontológicos de mulheres que consumiram e não consumiram cocaína e/ou maconha, durante 4 anos. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Grupos comparados de mulheres que usam e não usam cannabis e/ou cocaína, selecionados no período pós-parto em um hospital público. Resultados: a média de idade em ambos os grupos foi de 22 anos, sem diferenças de escolaridade. As mulheres do grupo das consumidoras (n= 29) eram, em sua maioria, policonsumidoras, realizavam mais consultas odontológicas de urgência (p= 0,0002) e apresentavam mais gengivite e periodontite (p= 0,0001) do que as não usuárias (n= 58). Conclusões: mulheres usuárias de cannabis e/ou cocaína realizaram mais consultas de urgência e tiveram diagnóstico de gengivite e periodontite mais frequentes do que as não usuárias.

Abstract Introduction: Cannabis and cocaine use is a global problem that affects oral health. Most of the research has been conducted on men in rehabilitation programs. Objective: to describe and compare the dental attendance and oral diagnoses of women who are cannabis and/or cocaine users and not users for four years. Methods: a retrospective cohort study. We compared two groups of women who use and do not use cannabis and/or cocaine, selected in the postpartum period in a public hospital. Results: The average age in both groups was 22, and there were no education-related differences. The consumers (n=29) were mostly multiple drug users who sought emergency dental care more often (p=0.0002) and had more gingivitis and periodontitis (p=0.0001) than non-users (n=58). Conclusions: women who used cannabis and/or cocaine sought emergency dental care more often and had a more frequent diagnosis of gingivitis and periodontitis than non-users.

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Introduction: the use of cocaine and cannabis during pregnancy is a growing problem, of importance for the World Public Health. Women can present a wide range of complications during pregnancy and perinatally, although knowledge about evolution thereafter is scarce. Objectives: to describe and compare health trajectories up to 4 years pospartum of user and not user women of cocaine and/or cannabis during pregnancy. Methods: retrospective cohort study with a comparison group consisting of 2 not users women for each user during pregnancy. User women were detected in Neonatology Division of a public Hospital with an urine pospartum test, between 2009 and 2013. Results: 29 women cocaine and/or cannabis users during pregnancy, and 58 not users were evaluated. In the first group, 93% women were polydrug users. Users had higher frequency of: history of violence in childhood ((p<0,001), previous (p<0,0045) and acquired (p<0,0007) disease, medical (p<0,0001) and odontological (p=0,0002) emergency consultations, hospitalizations (p<0,0001), and violent deaths in relatives, compared with non users. Conclusions: women who used cocaine and/or cocaine during pregnancy had a greater history of violence and illness, emergency medical and dental consultation, hospitalization and deaths, than non users. Injuries where the main cause of hospitalization. In the variables evaluated, the differences between consumers and non-consumers of pregnancy were significative.

Introducción: el consumo de cocaína y cannabis durante el embarazo constituye un problema en ascenso, de importancia para la Salud Pública mundial. Las mujeres consumidoras pueden presentar un amplio rango de complicaciones durante el embarazo y perinatales, pero los conocimientos sobre su evolución posterior son escasos. Objetivos: describir las trayectorias sanitarias durante 4 años de mujeres consumidoras de cocaína y/o cannabis durante el embarazo, y compararlas con mujeres no consumidoras. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo con grupo de comparación doble. Las mujeres consumidoras fueron detectadas en el Servicio de Neonatología de un Hospital público con prueba en orina posparto positivo para cocaína y/o cannabis, entre 2009 y 2013. Resultados: se evaluaron 29 mujeres consumidoras, y 58 no consumidoras. En el primer grupo, el 93% eran policonsumidoras. Las mujeres consumidoras presentaron mayor frecuencia de: antecedente de violencia en sus infancias (p<0,001), enfermedades previas (p<0,0045) y adquiridas (p<0,0007), consultas médicas (p<0,0001) y odontológicas (p=0,0002) de emergencia, internaciones (p<0,0001) y muertes familiares violentas, comparando con no consumidoras. Conclusión: las mujeres consumidoras de cocaína y/o cannabis durante el embarazo presentaron mayores antecedentes de violencia y enfermedad, de consultas médicas y odontológicas de emergencia, de internación y muertes violentas en el grupo familiar, que las no consumidoras. Los traumatismos constituyeron la principal causa de consulta e internación. En las variables evaluadas, las diferencias entre consumidoras y no consumidoras del embarazo fueron significativas.

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Introducción El yodo es un micronutriente esencial en la alimentación de la embarazada que transfiere al embrión-feto a través del transporte placentario. Existen antecedentes de su importancia para el desarrollo neurológico, pero no ha sido estudiada la relación entre ingesta de yodo y peso placentario ni su repercusión en el neonato (RN).Materiales y métodos Se analizó ingesta de yodo en 77 embarazadas, mediante eliminación urinaria de yodo (EUI) con la técnica modificada por Pino (normal ≥150μg/l). Se midió el peso placentario (PP: normal ≥500g). En el recién nacido se evaluó peso, talla y perímetro cefálico (PC). Se obtuvo el índice placentario (IP: peso placentario/ peso recién nacido) considerando normal ≥0,15.ResultadosLa EUI fue normal en 50 embarazadas (media±DE, 279μg/l±70,22μg/l) y disminuida en 27 (94μg/l ±31,49μg/l). Los RN de madres con EUI baja tenían un peso (3.357g±416,30g; n: 27) no diferente a las madres con yodurias normales (3.489g±560,59g; n: 50). Pero las madres con EUI bajo tenían un 44% de placentas con PP<500g y el análisis de los PC en los RN con bajo PP mostró que eran estadísticamente menores (PP3500g: 36,05cm±0,55cm, n: 54; PP<500g: 33,93cm±15cm, n: 23, p<0,019). El estudio con los IP fue similar aunque no alcanzó la significación estadística 0,17±0,04 (p: 0,066). Los demás parámetros no mostraron diferencias significativas. Conclusión El estudio evidencia una relación entre el PP y PC. Este hallazgo puede ser relacionado con la ingesta de yodo durante el embarazo (AU)

Introduction Iodine is considered to be an essential micronutrient in pregnant women. Iodine placental transport to the embryo-fetus is essential for hormone synthesis and is crucial for nervous system development. However, the relationship between iodine intake and placental weight and its potential implications for the newborn have not been studied. Material and methods Iodine intake was analyzed in 77 pregnant women based on urinary iodine excretion (UIE) levels, measured using Pino's modified method (normal value, ≥150μg/L). Placental weight was measured (PW: normal, ≥500g). In the newborn, weight, height, and head perimeter (HP) were also measured. Placental index (PI: placental weight/newborn weight) was calculated, and was considered normal if ≥0.15.ResultsUIE was normal in 50 pregnant women (mean±SD, 279±70.22μg/L) and decreased in 27 (94±31.49μg/L). Newborns of mothers with low UIE had a similar weight (3357±416.30g; n: 27) to those of mothers with normal UIE (3489±560.59g; n: 50). Forty-four percent of mothers with low UIE had PW <500g, and statistically lower HPs were found in newborns of mothers with low PW (PW3 500g: 36.05±0.55cm, n: 54; PW<500g: 33.93±15cm, n: 23, p<0.019). Similar results were found with PI, but they did not reach statistical significance (0.17±0.04; p=0.066). No differences were seen in all other parameters. Conclusion The study suggests the existence of a relationship between PW and HP. This finding may be related to iodine intake during pregnancy (AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Iodine is considered to be an essential micronutrient in pregnant women. Iodine placental transport to the embryo-fetus is essential for hormone synthesis and is crucial for nervous system development. However, the relationship between iodine intake and placental weight and its potential implications for the newborn have not been studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Iodine intake was analyzed in 77 pregnant women based on urinary iodine excretion (UIE) levels, measured using Pinós modified method (normal value, ≥ 150 µg/L). Placental weight was measured (PW: normal, ≥500 g). In the newborn, weight, height, and head perimeter (HP) were also measured. Placental index (PI: placental weight/newborn weight) was calculated, and was considered normal if ≥0.15. RESULTS: UIE was normal in 50 pregnant women (mean ± SD, 279 µg/L ± 70.22 µg/L) and decreased in 27 (94 µg/L ± 31.49 µg/L). Newborns of mothers with low UIE had a similar weight (3357 g ± 416.30 g; n: 27) to those of mothers with normal UIE (3489 g ± 560.59 g; n: 50). Forty-four percent of mothers with low UIE had PW <500 g, and statistically lower HPs were found in newborns of mothers with low PW (PW(3)500 g: 36.05 cm ± 0.55 cm, n: 54; PW <500 g: 33.93 cm ± 15 cm, n:23, p<0.019). Similar results were found with PI, but they did not reach statistical significance (0,17 ± 0,04; p=0.066). No differences were seen in all other parameters. CONCLUSION: The study suggests the existence of a relationship between PW and HP. This finding may be related to iodine intake during pregnancy.

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