RESUMEN
Historical essay devoted to the life and work of Professor Tamara Alexandrovna Korosteleva (1913-1991), the former Head of the Laboratory of Oncoimmunology at the N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg.
Asunto(s)
Alergia e Inmunología , Investigación Biomédica , Liderazgo , Neoplasias , Academias e Institutos/historia , Alergia e Inmunología/historia , Alergia e Inmunología/tendencias , Aniversarios y Eventos Especiales , Investigación Biomédica/historia , Investigación Biomédica/tendencias , Biotecnología/historia , Biotecnología/tendencias , Carcinógenos/historia , Aductos de ADN/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Neoplasias/historia , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias Experimentales/historia , Neoplasias Experimentales/inmunología , Federación de Rusia , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
The paper presents our data on the influence of Olipifat on the mass and cell patterns of the immune system organs, phagocytic activity of macrophages, number of antibody-producing B-lymphocytes and immune rosette-forming T-lymphocytes. Olipifat showed no immunotoxic characteristics; it stimulated T-system immunity as evidenced by a significant increase in the number of immune rosette-forming T-lymphocytes in mice after injection of 100 or 50 mg/kg.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Lignina/análogos & derivados , Lignina/farmacología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Ratones , Formación de Roseta , Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The anticarcinogenic effects and mechanisms of the biotechnological drugs of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer cultivated in Russia, bioginseng, panaxel and panaxel- 5, were studied. Bioginseng was produced from a tissue culture of ginseng root cultured on standard medium, whereas panaxel and panaxel-5 were produced from ginseng tissue root cultures using standard mediums enriched with 2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide and 1-hydroxygermatran-monohydrate respectively. All three ginseng drugs inhibited the development of mammary tumors induced by intramammary injections of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in rats, the development of the brain and spinal cord tumors induced by transplacental administration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) in rats, and the development of uterine, cervical and vaginal tumors induced by intravaginal applications of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in mice. The ginseng drugs induced the cytotoxic activity of macrophages in mice, enhanced T-lymphocyte rosette formation in guinea pigs exposed to cyclophosphamide, and stimulated the production of thyroid hormones in rats. These mechanisms may contribute to the anticarcinogenic action of the ginseng drugs. The organic germanium compounds present in panaxel and panaxel-5 did not potentiate the anticarcinogenic or immuno- stimulatory effects as much as biogeinseng. Preliminary clinical trials with panaxel and bioginseng were carried out in patients with precancerous lesions of the esophagus and endometrium. Panaxel was found to have a strong therapeutic effect in patients suffering from chronic erosive esophagitis. Bioginseng induced the regression of adenomatous-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium in some patients. Thus, we conclude that the drugs of ginseng appear to hold considerable promise for future cancer chemoprevention.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Experimentales/prevención & control , Panax/metabolismo , Lesiones Precancerosas/prevención & control , Adenocarcinoma/inducido químicamente , Adenocarcinoma/prevención & control , Adulto , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Técnicas de Cultivo , Pruebas Inmunológicas de Citotoxicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Neoplasias Endometriales/prevención & control , Endometrio/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/prevención & control , Esófago/patología , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Fibroadenoma/inducido químicamente , Fibroadenoma/prevención & control , Humanos , Macrófagos Peritoneales/citología , Macrófagos Peritoneales/inmunología , Masculino , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/prevención & control , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Neoplasias Experimentales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso/prevención & control , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Ratas , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/prevención & control , Neoplasias Uterinas/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Uterinas/prevención & control , Neoplasias Vaginales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Vaginales/prevención & controlRESUMEN
The synthetic peptide C-1-6 related to the central part of human interleukin 2 molecule (sequence 59-72; N- and C-modified) had been shown previously to inhibit cytotoxic activity of macrophages converting them to synthesis of growth factors. In this paper the effect of C-1-6 on growth of sarcoma 180 in mice was studied. C-1-6 significantly accelerated tumor growth having been injected into mice in dose 5 or 50 microg per animal since the 4th day after tumor cells transplantation. Supernatants of Mphi in vitro activated by C-1-6 (10 microg/ml) and injected into mice also accelerated significantly sarcoma mass diurnal increasing as compared to mice treated with supernatants of non-activated Mphi or activated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. A single injection of C-1-6 into mice either at the day or at the next day of tumor cells inoculation increased significantly the number of vessels growing up to transplant, thus the forming of the vascular bed had preceded tumor volume enlargement.
Asunto(s)
Interleucina-2/química , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Sarcoma 180/irrigación sanguínea , Sarcoma 180/patología , Animales , Humanos , Interleucina-2/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Neovascularización Patológica , Fragmentos de Péptidos/administración & dosificación , Cavidad PeritonealRESUMEN
mdr-Transfected K-562 cells revealed a relatively high resistance to cytotoxic monokines and ionizing radiation as compared to parental cells. Taken together with what is known about the resistance of mdr-expressing cells to multiple cytotoxic drugs, our results point to malignant cells having universal mechanisms of chemo-, bio- and radioresistance.
Asunto(s)
Genes MDR , Células K562/efectos de los fármacos , Células K562/efectos de la radiación , Monocinas/metabolismo , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/efectos de la radiación , Rayos gamma , Humanos , Células K562/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de la radiación , Radiación Ionizante , Radioterapia/métodos , TransfecciónAsunto(s)
Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Sustancias de Crecimiento/metabolismo , Animales , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/inmunología , ADN de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/genética , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Factores de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Humanos , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
It was shown that in vitro irradiation (8 Gy) of murine peritoneal macrophages suppressed their spontaneous cytotoxity and induced growth-stimulating activity. Exposure to 4 Gy induced mRNA proximal factors--TGF-beta and TNF-alpha and boosted growth-stimulating activity. These effects should be considered when evaluating efficacy of radiotherapy for tumors.
Asunto(s)
Macrófagos Peritoneales/metabolismo , Macrófagos Peritoneales/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , ARN Mensajero/efectos de la radiación , Dosis de Radiación , Radiación Ionizante , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/efectos de la radiación , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/efectos de la radiaciónAsunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos/farmacología , Animales , Encéfalo/embriología , Bovinos , Corteza Cerebral/química , Embrión de Pollo , Técnicas de Cultivo , Epífisis/química , Ganglios Espinales/embriología , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular , Péptidos/aislamiento & purificaciónAsunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de la radiación , Macrófagos Peritoneales/efectos de la radiación , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/biosíntesis , Animales , Northern Blotting , Western Blotting , División Celular/efectos de la radiación , Línea Celular , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Macrófagos Peritoneales/citología , Macrófagos Peritoneales/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Piel/metabolismo , Porcinos , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genéticaRESUMEN
The effect of cortexin and epithalamin on the cell growth rate was investigated in the organotypic tissue culture of dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and of cortex and subcortical structures of 10-11-day old chick embryos. Cortexin in concentrations of 20 and 100 ng/ml is active, inducing a more intensive neurite outgrowth in DRG, compared to the control. Epithalamin was active in concentrations 20 and 200 ng/ml. Cortexin (100 ng/ml) was active in the cortex tissue culture, but inhibited the neurite growth in the subcortical structures culture. The stimulation of this culture to development was evident after using 200 ng/ml epithalamin. The neurite stimulating effect of cortexin and epithalamin is presumably associated with neurotrophic factors.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos/farmacología , Animales , Bovinos , Corteza Cerebral/citología , Embrión de Pollo , Medios de Cultivo , Técnicas de Cultivo , Depresión Química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Epitálamo , Ganglios Espinales/citología , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular , Estimulación QuímicaRESUMEN
Murine peritoneal macrophages, activated by BCG vaccine, and human peripheral blood monocytes, activated by lipopolysaccharides, exerted neurite stimulating or neurite inhibiting effects in various periods of activation. The supernatants of these preparations were active in organotypic culture of chick embryo dorsal root ganglia. The inhibition of neurite growth on the 1st day of cultivation was followed by the neurite-stimulating effect. The fluctuation of neurite-inhibition and neurite-stimulation effect of macrophage supernatants suggest the availability of certain changes in cytokine composition in different periods of macrophage activation.
Asunto(s)
Axones/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios Sensoriales/efectos de los fármacos , Factores Activadores de Macrófagos/farmacología , Animales , Axones/ultraestructura , Vacuna BCG/farmacología , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Embrión de Pollo , Técnicas de Cultivo , Ganglios Sensoriales/ultraestructura , Humanos , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Activación de Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneales/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneales/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Monocitos/inmunología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
For the study of the antigenic structure and function of human interleukin 2, the peptides corresponding to its 60-72 sequence were synthesized by conventional methods of peptide chemistry in solution. To enhance the stability of the synthetic peptides towards the proteolysis and to remove their terminal charges, we acetylated their NH2 groups and esterified with methanol their carboxyls. Some of these peptides were converted from being cytotoxic to possessing strong growth-stimulating activity for the preliminary activated macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. The biologically active peptides were also shown to enhance regeneration-reparation processes in liver and skin.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Interleucina-2/farmacología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/química , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Humanos , Interleucina-2/química , Regeneración Hepática , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fragmentos de Péptidos/química , Regeneración , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Plasma concentrations of von Willebrand (WF) factor were measured in patients with different tumors and healthy donors. The study has shown the level of WF in cancer patients to be significantly higher than in healthy donors. Hypercoaggulation was identified by laboratory analysis in breast cancer patients only while patients with other malignant tumors revealed the signs of chronic DIC syndrome. Chemotherapy provoked further increase in WF level in the plasma of patients with acute myeloleukemia and breast cancer. The importance of plasma WF assay for diagnosis and prediction of thromboembolic complications in cancer patients is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Hemostasis , Neoplasias/sangre , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Tromboembolia/etiología , Factor de von Willebrand/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMEN
It has been established that once macrophages become activated, they pass through different stages of functional activity. Mouse macrophages activated by BCG "exerted" pronounced cytotoxic effects for 2-5 days to be followed later by growth-stimulating ones. However, in other experiments, the cytotoxic effect was either absent or occurred at later stages which was probably due to a certain functional state of macrophages before activation. The synthesis of TGF-beta increased 1-2 days after activation with BCG vaccine, lipopolysacharide and gamma radiation. An increase in mRNA TGF-beta i expression was observed only 5 days after activation of macrophages.