RESUMEN
This report describes a new species of aspidoderid nematode, Ansiruptodera scapteromi sp. nov., the second species to be reported in the genus Ansiruptodera Skrjabin and Shikhobalova, 1947. The A. scapteromi sp. nov. is the first species of the genus to be recorded from a rodent host. The new species is clearly different from the only other species, A. ansiruipta (Proença, 1937) Skrjabin and Shikhobalova, 1947, in that it possesses short lateral alae that terminate before the midbody; a smaller cephalic extremity; a shorter esophagus, pharynx, tail, and tail appendage; a smaller sucker; and longer spicules. The two species also differ in the numbers and arrangements of caudal papillae. A. scapteromi appears to be a parasite of capture and the water rats seem to have been infected from Edentata in Uruguay.
Asunto(s)
Arvicolinae/parasitología , Nematodos/clasificación , Nematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Nematodos/anatomía & histología , Ratas , UruguayRESUMEN
A sandwich ELISA for the detection of Echinococcus granulosus coproantigen in formalin and heat-treated faecal supernatants of dogs was developed. The assay used affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies obtained from rabbits hyperimmunised with E. granulosus excretory/secretory antigens and biotinylated monoclonal antibody EmA9 produced against adult E. multilocularis somatic extract. The test was sensitive to 7 ng and 2.3 ng of E. granulosus protein and carbohydrate/ml of faecal supernatant, respectively. Thirteen helminth-free dogs were infected with different amounts of E. granulosus protoscoleces and the presence of coproantigen was monitored during the prepatent period until day 35 post-infection, when they were necropsied. Faecal antigen levels started to rise above the normal range between days 10 and 20 post-infection, and typically peaked at the end of the experiment. All the dogs, bearing from 3 to 67,700 worms, showed positive values in the ELISA during the prepatent period. One dog experimentally infected with Taenia hydatigena metacestode and harbouring three worms, tested positive only after the prepatent period at day 52. The test was applied to 98 stray dogs. The ELISA detected all of four dogs naturally infected with E. granulosus, two dogs with patent infections of T. hydatigena and two dogs with no cestode infections, showing a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Helmínticos/análisis , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Equinococosis/veterinaria , Echinococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Animales , Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos/inmunología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Perros , Equinococosis/diagnóstico , Echinococcus/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Cystic hydatidosis (CH) caused by Echinococcus granulosus is an important zoonosis worldwide. Several serodiagnostic and ultrasound tests are currently used for screening asymptomatic CH. The sensitivity of the serodiagnostic tests has been demonstrated by several groups to be lower than ultrasonography (US). To explain the mechanism of the difference in sensitivity, a large-scale US survey combined with an IgG4-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test was conducted in Uruguay. Our results suggest that certain cyst images, e.g., multivesicular cysts, may be closely associated with a high antibody response regardless of the cyst size, whereas other hydatid lesions, e.g., solid images with/without rolled parasite membranes, have lower antibody responses with a close relationship to cyst size. Seropositivity of subjects who had been treated surgically for removal of hydatid cysts in the last 5 yr was closest to that of actual CH patients, albeit free from CH by US. These findings are important for the proper use of serodiagnostic tests and US for community-based epidemiological studies.
Asunto(s)
Equinococosis/diagnóstico , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Animales , Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos/sangre , Equinococosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Equinococosis/epidemiología , Echinococcus/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Masculino , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Ultrasonografía , Uruguay/epidemiología , ZoonosisRESUMEN
A helminthological survey of the intestinal parasites in stray dogs was conducted in urban and suburban area of Tacuarembó, Uruguay, during winter time. Eighty stray dogs captured in the city were necropsied. Seventy nine dogs (98.8%) were positive for helminth infection. Seventy seven (96.3%) were parasitized by hookworms. Two species of hookworms were found: Ancylostoma caninum 96.3% and A. braziliense 49.4%. This is the first report of the prevalence of A. braziliense in Uruguay. Considering that incidences of human cutaneous larva migrans caused by the migration of hookworms larvae were restricted mainly to the northern part of Uruguay and that only A. caninum were reported to be prevalent in the southern part, it is supposed that A. braziliense is the primary causative agent of human cutaneous larva migrans in Uruguay.
Asunto(s)
Anquilostomiasis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/veterinaria , Larva Migrans/epidemiología , Ancylostoma/clasificación , Ancylostoma/aislamiento & purificación , Anquilostomiasis/epidemiología , Anquilostomiasis/parasitología , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/clasificación , Perros , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/parasitología , Humanos , Larva Migrans/parasitología , Prevalencia , Uruguay/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Twelve species of nematodes comprising 9 genera were recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of 2 Euphractus sexcinctus and 2 Dasypus novemcinctus captured in the Department of San Pedro, Paraguay. All armadillos were infected with 1 or more species of nematode. The following nematodes were recovered: Mazzia mazzia, Spirura guianensis, Trichohelix tuberculata, Ancylostoma sp., Moennigia complexus, Moennigia pintoi, Ascaris dasypodina, Cruzia tentaculata, Aspidodera fasciata, Aspidodera scoleciformis, Aspidodera esperanzae n. sp., and Heterakinae gen. sp. This report describes a new species of the Aspidodera nematode, Aspidodera esperanzae n. sp., the first species to be reported bearing cephalic cordons made up of 7 longitudinal loops in the subfamily of Aspidoderinae. This study also documents a new host record for S. guianensis and shows a new geographical distribution in Paraguay for M. mazzia, S. guianensis, T. tuberculata, M. complexus, and M. pintoi.
Asunto(s)
Armadillos/parasitología , Nematodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Nematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Sistema Digestivo/parasitología , Femenino , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Nematodos/anatomía & histología , ParaguayRESUMEN
Animal reservoirs for Trypanosoma cruzi infection were investigated in 5 communities in the Department of San Pedro, currently one of Paraguay's most highly endemic areas. A total of 112 domestic animals (37 cattle, 2 horses, 1 ass, 20 pigs, 44 dogs and 8 cats) and 4 wild animals (1 white-eared opossum, 2 yellow armadillos and 1 common long-nosed armadillo) were examined for blood. Although no trypomastigotes were found by 2 direct observation methods, the microhaematocrit and Giemsa stained thick and thin smears methods, several forms of trypanosoma flagellates morphologically identical to T. cruzi were detected in the liver infusion tryptose (LIT) medium from a single sample taken from a yellow armadillo, Euphractus sexicintus. When serum samples of all the animals were examined for antibody to T. cruzi by direct agglutination (DA) test, 3 cattle, 2 pigs, 16 dogs and 3 cats had positive titers (1:32 or greater), but no wild animals showed positive reactions. T. cruzi was not found by culture nor microscopic examination of samples from any of the seropositive animals. However, domestic animals such as cattle, pigs, dogs and cats which were found to be seropositive in this study, possibly act as an animal reservoir in this endemic area as well as armadillos in which T. cruzi was observed.