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OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between symptoms and objective findings and dry eye (DE) patients' personalities and levels of depression and anxiety. METHODS: The study group consisted of 67 DE patients who presented to the ophthalmology clinic with symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) and were first diagnosed. Patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including tear-film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer 1 and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). All subjects also completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS: No relationship was found for the Schirmer 1 Test and TBUT with psychological parameters or OSDI scores. When compared with the normal values for the Turkish population, sub-dimensions of temperament in DED; novelty seeking (NS) was significantly lower (P<0.001); harm avoidance (HA) (P=0.014), and persistence (P<0.001) were significantly higher. Significant positive correlation with HA and significant negative correlation with NS were found for the OSDI results. Furthermore, our mediation model revealed that anxiety mediated the effect of NS and HA on OSDI. CONCLUSION: The significant association of temperament sub-dimensions with OSDI scores in the DED group may play a role in explaining the inconsistency between symptoms and signs. Professionals who care for DED should consider temperament sub-dimensions when they detect discordance between symptoms and signs.

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AIMS: To investigate the effect of intracameral triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on surgical success in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) supported primary phacotrabeculectomy (PT) cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 23 eyes (study group) of 23 patients who underwent TA during PT and 26 eyes (control group) of 26 patients without TA. PT patients in the study group received 1 mg TA intraoperatively at the end of surgery. Pre- and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of antiglaucoma drugs used were compared. Postoperative complications and need for 5-FU injection were evaluated for both groups. RESULTS: Mean age was 64.1 2 ± 1.91 (48-86) years in the control group and 66.52 ± 2.02 (52-86) years in the study group (p = 0.824). Comparison of pre- and postoperative IOP values showed significant decreases in postoperative IOP levels at all-time points in both the control and study groups (p < 0.001). The only significant difference between groups was on postoperative first day (study group: 9.22 ± 1.41 mmHg; control group: 6.35 ± 2.17 mmHg, p < 0.001). Need for postoperative 5-FU injection was significantly more common in the control group (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Intracameral injection of 1 mg TA at the end of PT surgery did not yield superior results in postoperative IOP compared to PT alone, and the two groups showed similar IOP reduction. When given as an adjunct to PT, 1 mg TA suppresses anterior segment inflammation and reduces the need for 5-FU injection.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in the demographic and diagnostic distribution of patients presenting to the ophthalmology department during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to the pre-pandemic period METHODS: The study included patients who made outpatient appointments in our ophthalmology department. The COVID-19 group (CovG) comprised patients who presented between April 15 and May 15, 2020, the 30-day period with the highest daily number of new cases in Turkey. The control group (CG) was obtained by randomization through a computer program from among 2 245 patients who applied in the same period of the previous year. The patients' presenting complaint(s), diagnostic(s) and demographic information's were collected from a database, with all identifying information concealed. For patients who presented more than once, their initial complaint and diagnoses were analyzed RESULTS: The study included a total of 400 patients: 200 in the CovG and 200 in the CG. Mean ages in the CovG and CG were 41.23 ± 14.48 and 48.20 ± 17.49 years, respectively (p < 0.001). The female to male patient ratio was 0.53 in the CovG and 0.83 in the CG (p = 0.032). There were fewer university graduates compared to other education levels among the patients who presented during the pandemic (p = 0.013). During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no increase in presentation frequency for any ocular disease compared to the previous year. The only statistical decrease in patient application complaints was observed in reading difficultness (11 % in CovG vs. 37 % in CG; p < 0.001). Presentations due to dry eye (DE) and allergic conjunctivitis (AC) were similar to the same period of the year (p = 0.303 and p = 0.550, respectively). At least 1 chronic ocular disease was present in 25 % of the CovG and 45.5 % of the CG (p < 0.001). A statistically significant decrease was observed in CovG for age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma in the diagnoses made at the end of the examination (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: During the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey, the most common outpatient presentations to the ophthalmology department were for the diagnoses of DE and AC. During peak pandemic period, elderly patients, women and academically trained patients significantly reduced their visits to the Eye Clinic. The reduction in presentation of patients with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration may be due to the longterm treatment planning for these patients and the social isolation measures issued for the older population. These patients should be encouraged to use video consultation / telemedicine in eye patients at risk of vision loss.

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OBJECTIVE: Aim of the study was to evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with RA and detect the relation with disease activity and joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritisBACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease associated with various extra-articular organ manifestations including ocular manifestationsMATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 59 eyes of 59 patients with RA and 59 eyes of 59 controls without RA in the study. Subfoveal and perifoveal CT were measured using enhanced depth imaging optic coherence tomography. Disease activity score 28 (DAS 28) and Larsen score were calculated for each patient with RA and compared with measurements of CT. RESULTS: CT was statistically thinner in patients with RA than controls, at subfoveal CT (p = 0.008), at 500 µm temporal to the fovea (p = 0.004), at 1000 µm temporal to the fovea (p = 0.010), at 1500 µm temporal to the fovea (p = 0.005), at 500 µm nasal to the fovea (p = 0.035). Additionally there was no correlation measurements of CT with disease activity and joint damage. CONCLUSIONS: Subfoveal and perifoveal CT was significantly thinner in patients with RA than in healthy controls but there was no correlation detected between CT measurements and DAS 28 or Larsen scores (Tab. 5, Ref. 33).

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