RESUMEN

The development of sensors for water quality monitoring is crucial to protect water quality, aquatic biota and human health. Traditional sensor manufacturing methods have significant drawbacks, such as low fabrication freedom, limited material choice and expensive manufacturing cost. As a possible alternative method, 3D printing technologies are increasingly popular in sensor development due to their high versatility, fast fabrication/modification, powerful processing of different materials and ease of incorporation with other sensor systems. Surprisingly, a systematic review examining the application of 3D printing technology in water monitoring sensors has not yet been conducted. Here, we summarized the development history, market share and advantages/disadvantages of typical 3D printing techniques. Specifically focused on the 3D-printed sensor for water quality monitoring, we then reviewed the applications of 3D printing in the development of sensors' supporting platform, cell, sensing electrode as well as all-3D-printed sensors. The fabrication materials and processing, and the sensor's performances regarding detected parameters, response time and detection limit/sensitivity, were also compared and analyzed. Finally, the current drawbacks of 3D-printed water sensors and potential directions for future study were discussed. This review will substantially promote the understanding of 3D printing technology used in water sensor development and benefit the protection of water resources.

RESUMEN

Hydrogel materials have been used extensively in microbial electrochemical technology (MET) and sensor development due to their high biocompatibility and low toxicity. With an increasing demand for sensors across different sectors, it is crucial to understand the current state within the sectors of hydrogel METs and sensors. Surprisingly, a systematic review examining the application of hydrogel-based METs to sensor technologies has not yet been conducted. This review aimed to identify the current research progress surrounding the incorporation of hydrogels within METs and sensors development, with a specific focus on microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The manufacturing process/cost, operational performance, analysis accuracy and stability of typical hydrogel materials in METs and sensors were summarised and analysed. The current challenges facing the technology as well as potential direction for future research were also discussed. This review will substantially promote the understanding of hydrogel materials used in METs and benefit the development of electrochemical biosensors using hydrogel-based METs.

Asunto(s)

Fuentes de Energía Bioeléctrica , Técnicas Biosensibles , Hidrogeles , Electrólisis , Tecnología

RESUMEN

Linear friction welding (LFW) is an advanced joining technology used for manufacturing and repairing complex assemblies like blade integrated disks (blisks) of aeroengines. This paper presents an integrated multiphysics computational modelling for predicting the thermomechanical-microstructural processes of IN718 alloy (at the component-scale) during LFW. Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) model was implemented for predicting the dynamic recrystallisation of γ grain, which was coupled with thermomechanical modelling of the LFW process. The computational modelling results of this paper agree well with experimental results from the literature in terms of γ grain size and weld temperature. Twenty different LFW process parameter configurations were systematically analysed in the computations by using the integrated model. It was found that friction pressure was the most influential process parameter, which significantly affected the dynamic recrystallisation of γ grains and weld temperature during LFW. The integrated multiphysics computational modelling was employed to find the appropriate process window of IN718 LFW.