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BACKGROUND: Although critical to the overall condition of animals under human care, there is still limited information about oral health in neotropical primates. METHODS: We analyzed the main oral conditions and microbiota using mass spectrometry from 13 capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) under human care. The findings were registered on odontograms following the Triadan system. RESULTS: The most prevalent conditions were dental fractures (n = 9), mainly enamel fractures, and periodontal disease (n = 8), mainly grade 1 calculi. When exanimating teeth, alterations were identified in 90 out of the 416 evaluated pieces, being periodontal disease the most common (n = 60), followed by enamel fracture (n = 15) and missing teeth (n = 10). In the oral microbiota analyses, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species were the most prevalent, although no obvious association was observed between isolated organisms and oral conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings hold the potential to prevent oral disorders, including fractures and periodontal diseases, contribute to molecular identification of oral microbiota, and to improve the well-being of primates under human care.

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BACKGROUND: A urethral obstruction (UO) is an emergency commonly observed in male cats, which can result in significant clinical and laboratory alterations, leading to complications and death. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to correlate symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) with the urea, creatinine, potassium, and bicarbonate levels in cats with UO. In addition, the correlation between clinical score and time of obstruction was evaluated. METHODS: Thirty male cats were selected and allocated into a control group (CG, n = 13) and an obstruction group (OG, n = 17). The laboratory analyses were conducted before treatment (M0) and at different times after treatment (12 h [M12], 24 h [M24], and 48 h [M48]). Correlations were established between SDMA and creatinine, urea, bicarbonate, potassium, time of obstruction, and the clinical score. RESULTS: A strong correlation (r > 0.6) was observed between SDMA and creatinine, urea, and potassium in the OG. Furthermore, there was substantial agreement (kappa value) between SDMA and creatinine at M24. A higher clinical score was associated with a longer time of obstruction. In the OG, at M48, the SDMA and creatinine levels were 50% and 41.2% higher, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A correlation was observed between SDMA and creatinine in obstructed cats, and significant agreement between these values was observed 24 h after the unblocking treatment. A correlation among SDMA, urea, and potassium was observed. Approximately 9% more cats continued to have elevated SDMA levels after 48 h of treatment compared to creatinine. This suggests a slightly lower sensitivity of the latter biomarker but does not exclude the possibility of congruent and normalized values after a longer evaluation period.

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The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of diarrhea and the isolation of strains of Salmonella spp. in diarrheal feces of calves from farms located in the backwoods from the state of Alagoas municipalities, and to characterize the in vitro resistance profile of Salmonella sp. isolated against conventional antimicrobials. The study was carried out with 431 calves from 10 to 90 days old, and 111 diarrheal fecal samples from these calves were analyzed. The samples were sown in enrichment broths and selective culture media and phenotypic and molecular characterization were made. 25.75% (111/431) of the animals had diarrhea. The presence of Salmonella sp. was evidenced in 13.33% (2/15) of the studied establishments. 2.71% (3/111) strains of Salmonella sp. have been isolated and have all been shown to be resistant to Cefotaxime and sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin and Norfloxacin. The occurrence of Salmonella sp. and other infectious agents associated with diarrhea were confirmed in calves in the backwoods from the state of Alagoas. The antimicrobial potential of the tested drugs reinforces the importance of their responsible use in the fight against Salmonellosis in these animals, thus promoting the minimization of cases of bacterial resistance in Brazil and in the world.

Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da diarreia e o isolamento de estirpes de Salmonella sp. em fezes diarreicas de bezerros provenientes de propriedades de municípios do Sertão Alagoano e caracterizar o perfil de resistência in vitro das estir-pes de Salmonella spp. isoladas, frente a antimicrobianos convencionais. O estudo foi realizado com 431 bezerros com 10 a 90 dias de idade, sendo analisadas 111 amostras de fezes diarreicas, semeadas em caldos de enriquecimento e meios de cul-tura seletivos e feita caracterização fenotípica e molecular. 25,75% (111/431) dos animais apresentavam diarreia. A presença de Salmonella sp. foi evidenciada em 13,33% (2/15) dos estabelecimentos estudados. Foram isoladas 2,71% (3/111) estir-pes de Salmonella sp. que revelaram-se em sua totalidade resistentes à Cefotaxima e sensíveis a Ciprofloxacina, Gentamicina, Amoxicilina, Ampicilina e à Norfloxacina. Confirmou-se a ocorrência de Salmonella sp. e outros agentes infecciosos associados a diarreia em bezerros no Sertão Alagoano. O potencial antimicrobiano das drogas testadas reforça a importância da utilização responsável das mesmas no combate a Salmonelose nesses animais, promovendo assim a minimização de casos de resistência bacteriana no Brasil e no mundo.

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The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of diarrhea and the isolation of strains of Salmonella spp. in diarrheal feces of calves from farms located in the backwoods from the state of Alagoas municipalities, and to characterize the in vitro resistance profile of Salmonella sp. isolated against conventional antimicrobials. The study was carried out with 431 calves from 10 to 90 days old, and 111 diarrheal fecal samples from these calves were analyzed. The samples were sown in enrichment broths and selective culture media and phenotypic and molecular characterization were made. 25.75% (111/431) of the animals had diarrhea. The presence of Salmonella sp. was evidenced in 13.33% (2/15) of the studied establishments. 2.71% (3/111) strains of Salmonella sp. have been isolated and have all been shown to be resistant to Cefotaxime and sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin and Norfloxacin. The occurrence of Salmonella sp. and other infectious agents associated with diarrhea were confirmed in calves in the backwoods from the state of Alagoas. The antimicrobial potential of the tested drugs reinforces the importance of their responsible use in the fight against Salmonellosis in these animals, thus promoting the minimization of cases of bacterial resistance in Brazil and in the world.(AU)

Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da diarreia e o isolamento de estirpes de Salmonella sp. em fezes diarreicas de bezerros provenientes de propriedades de municípios do Sertão Alagoano e caracterizar o perfil de resistência in vitro das estir-pes de Salmonella spp. isoladas, frente a antimicrobianos convencionais. O estudo foi realizado com 431 bezerros com 10 a 90 dias de idade, sendo analisadas 111 amostras de fezes diarreicas, semeadas em caldos de enriquecimento e meios de cul-tura seletivos e feita caracterização fenotípica e molecular. 25,75% (111/431) dos animais apresentavam diarreia. A presença de Salmonella sp. foi evidenciada em 13,33% (2/15) dos estabelecimentos estudados. Foram isoladas 2,71% (3/111) estir-pes de Salmonella sp. que revelaram-se em sua totalidade resistentes à Cefotaxima e sensíveis a Ciprofloxacina, Gentamicina, Amoxicilina, Ampicilina e à Norfloxacina. Confirmou-se a ocorrência de Salmonella sp. e outros agentes infecciosos associados a diarreia em bezerros no Sertão Alagoano. O potencial antimicrobiano das drogas testadas reforça a importância da utilização responsável das mesmas no combate a Salmonelose nesses animais, promovendo assim a minimização de casos de resistência bacteriana no Brasil e no mundo.(AU)

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Os mercados importadores de carne de frango brasileira estão se tornando cada vez mais exigentes em termos de adesão aos princípios do bem-estar animal na criação e abate dos frangos. Um dos principais problemas relacionados ao bem-estar animal na cadeia de produção do frango de corte é o manejo pré-abate. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi observar as principais causas de perdas e eliminação dos frangos de corte no abate emergencial em um abatedouro comercial e discutir possíveis formas de solucioná-las. Para tanto, foram implantados ábacos nas três linhas de abate ao lado do local da pendura das aves e registrado o número de aves que foram eliminadas ou estavam mortas, durante 10 dias, nos dois turnos de abate em um abatedouro comercial. Foram abatidas no experimento 4.563.293 aves, sendo que o total de perdas foi de 14.046 aves (0,3%). A mortalidade no transporte e/ou galpão de espera foi a principal causa de eliminação no abate emergencial (80,56%), seguida por aves pequenas refugos (19,1%), doentes injuriadas (0,18%) e lesionadas (0,11%). Conclui-se que para reduzir as perdas no pré-abate, os esforços devem ser direcionados principalmente na logística de transporte, visando assim à lucratividade do produto, pautado no contexto atual de bem-estar animal.

Brazilian chicken import markets are becoming increasingly demanding in terms of adhering to the principles of animal welfare in raising and slaughtering chicken. Thus, adapting the poultry to such requirements requires preslaughter failures control, that are main animal welfare problems in broiler production is preslaughter management. Therefore, the objective of this study wasto establish and quantify the main causes of losses related to pre-slaughter management in a commercial chicken slaughterhouse.In this way, abacuses were implanted next to the hanging in the three slaughter lines and the number of broilers eliminated or that were death on arrivals was recorded, for 10 days, in both slaughter shifts. 4.563.293 broilers were slaughtered in the experiment and the total number of boilers eliminated in the emergency slaughter were 14.039 birds (0.3%). The death on arrivals was the leading cause of elimination in emergency slaughter (80.56%), followed by small broilers (19.1%), injured broilers (0.18%) and fractured broilers (0.11%). It is concluded that to reduce preslaughter losses, efforts should be directed mainly to transport logistics andimprovements in the waiting shed, aiming to decrease mortality losses in this stage.

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Os mercados importadores de carne de frango brasileira estão se tornando cada vez mais exigentes em termos de adesão aos princípios do bem-estar animal na criação e abate dos frangos. Um dos principais problemas relacionados ao bem-estar animal na cadeia de produção do frango de corte é o manejo pré-abate. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi observar as principais causas de perdas e eliminação dos frangos de corte no abate emergencial em um abatedouro comercial e discutir possíveis formas de solucioná-las. Para tanto, foram implantados ábacos nas três linhas de abate ao lado do local da pendura das aves e registrado o número de aves que foram eliminadas ou estavam mortas, durante 10 dias, nos dois turnos de abate em um abatedouro comercial. Foram abatidas no experimento 4.563.293 aves, sendo que o total de perdas foi de 14.046 aves (0,3%). A mortalidade no transporte e/ou galpão de espera foi a principal causa de eliminação no abate emergencial (80,56%), seguida por aves pequenas refugos (19,1%), doentes injuriadas (0,18%) e lesionadas (0,11%). Conclui-se que para reduzir as perdas no pré-abate, os esforços devem ser direcionados principalmente na logística de transporte, visando assim à lucratividade do produto, pautado no contexto atual de bem-estar animal.(AU)

Brazilian chicken import markets are becoming increasingly demanding in terms of adhering to the principles of animal welfare in raising and slaughtering chicken. Thus, adapting the poultry to such requirements requires preslaughter failures control, that are main animal welfare problems in broiler production is preslaughter management. Therefore, the objective of this study wasto establish and quantify the main causes of losses related to pre-slaughter management in a commercial chicken slaughterhouse.In this way, abacuses were implanted next to the hanging in the three slaughter lines and the number of broilers eliminated or that were death on arrivals was recorded, for 10 days, in both slaughter shifts. 4.563.293 broilers were slaughtered in the experiment and the total number of boilers eliminated in the emergency slaughter were 14.039 birds (0.3%). The death on arrivals was the leading cause of elimination in emergency slaughter (80.56%), followed by small broilers (19.1%), injured broilers (0.18%) and fractured broilers (0.11%). It is concluded that to reduce preslaughter losses, efforts should be directed mainly to transport logistics andimprovements in the waiting shed, aiming to decrease mortality losses in this stage.(AU)

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Three adult birds of the species Ara chloropterus and five of the species Ara ararauna from a conservation breeding facility suffered a massive attack by honeybees. The A. chloropterus birds presented swollen puncture lesions with stingers (mainly in the facial regions without feathers), swelling of the eyelids and subcutaneous tissue, and respiratory distress, and they were treated with intramuscular injections of 1.67 mg/kg of promethazine and 10 mg/kg of hydrocortisone followed by removal of the stingers. Complete remission of the clinical signs occurred 48 hours after start of treatment. The five A. ararauna birds died before they arrived at the veterinary hospital, and the necropsies found stingers in the areas of the face without feathers and the subcutaneous tissue, which were associated with erythema, bruising, and swelling. Food content from the crop was found in the oral cavity and the tracheal lumen, and marked congestion was observed in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, brain, and cerebellum. Among the histopathological findings, significant swelling of the myocytes in the endocardium and vascular dilation with erythroid repletion were observed, and there were multifocal areas of centrilobular necrosis associated with severe congestion and hemorrhaging in the hepatic tissue. Severe acute tubular necrosis and hydropic-vacuolar degeneration were observed in the kidneys. The clinical signs and pathological findings suggest envenomation due to a massive bee attack, the first such report for Psittacidae.

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En la actualidad se requiere la producción de aves de corral acelerado desarrollo y la eficiencia productiva máxima, que sólo puede ser proporcionado tomando como base una homeostasis fisiológica intestinal, que sólo se puede lograr mediante el establecimiento de una microflora saludable. En general, se acordó que la microbiota afecta tanto al sistema inmunológico, local y sistémica, como el uso de la dieta, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la composición de la microbiota cecal de las aves durante la vida útil de 42 días, utilizando la técnica de electroforesis en gel con gradiente de temperatura (TGGE), aún no explotado por la avicultura. Nuestros resultados demostraron una composición de la microbiota estable durante todo el período de estudio, sin embargo, un refinamiento de los estudios técnicos y de otro puede proporcionar información adicional.

They are currently required of the poultry of production an accelerated development and maximum productive efficiency, which can only be provided taking as the basis an intestinal physiological homeostasis, which can only be achieved by establishing a healthy microflora. It is generally agreed that the microbiota affects both the immune system, local and systemic, as the use of diet, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the cecal microbiota of birds over the 42 days of life, using the electrophoresis technique Gel with temperature gradient (TGGE), not yet exploited by poultry. The results demonstrated a stable microbiota composition throughout the study period, however, a refinement of technical and other studies can provide additional information.

Exigem-se atualmente das aves de produção um desenvolvimento acelerado e máxima eficiência produtiva, o que só pode ser obtido tendo-se como base uma homeostase fisiológica intestinal, a qual só será possível mediante o estabelecimento de uma microbiota saudável. É de consenso geral que a microbiota afeta tanto o sistema imune, local e sistêmico, quanto o aproveitamento da dieta, por isso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a composição da microbiota cecal das aves ao longo dos 42 dias de vida, utilizando-se da Técnica de Eletroforese em Gel com Gradiente de Temperatura (TGGE), ainda não explorada pela avicultura. Os resultados demonstraram uma estabilidade da composição da microbiota ao longo do período avaliado, entretanto, um refinamento da técnica e outros estudos podem trazer informações complementares.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

En la actualidad se requiere la producción de aves de corral acelerado desarrollo y la eficiencia productiva máxima, que sólo puede ser proporcionado tomando como base una homeostasis fisiológica intestinal, que sólo se puede lograr mediante el establecimiento de una microflora saludable. En general, se acordó que la microbiota afecta tanto al sistema inmunológico, local y sistémica, como el uso de la dieta, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la composición de la microbiota cecal de las aves durante la vida útil de 42 días, utilizando la técnica de electroforesis en gel con gradiente de temperatura (TGGE), aún no explotado por la avicultura. Nuestros resultados demostraron una composición de la microbiota estable durante todo el período de estudio, sin embargo, un refinamiento de los estudios técnicos y de otro puede proporcionar información adicional.(AU)

They are currently required of the poultry of production an accelerated development and maximum productive efficiency, which can only be provided taking as the basis an intestinal physiological homeostasis, which can only be achieved by establishing a healthy microflora. It is generally agreed that the microbiota affects both the immune system, local and systemic, as the use of diet, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the cecal microbiota of birds over the 42 days of life, using the electrophoresis technique Gel with temperature gradient (TGGE), not yet exploited by poultry. The results demonstrated a stable microbiota composition throughout the study period, however, a refinement of technical and other studies can provide additional information.(AU)

Exigem-se atualmente das aves de produção um desenvolvimento acelerado e máxima eficiência produtiva, o que só pode ser obtido tendo-se como base uma homeostase fisiológica intestinal, a qual só será possível mediante o estabelecimento de uma microbiota saudável. É de consenso geral que a microbiota afeta tanto o sistema imune, local e sistêmico, quanto o aproveitamento da dieta, por isso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a composição da microbiota cecal das aves ao longo dos 42 dias de vida, utilizando-se da Técnica de Eletroforese em Gel com Gradiente de Temperatura (TGGE), ainda não explorada pela avicultura. Os resultados demonstraram uma estabilidade da composição da microbiota ao longo do período avaliado, entretanto, um refinamento da técnica e outros estudos podem trazer informações complementares.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to provide the first report on a new host for the digenean Paratanaisia bragai in the caninde macaw Ara ararauna along with the pathological aspects of the infection in the new host. The microscopic findings revealed the presence of granulomatous interstitial nephritis. This study contributes towards knowledge of parasitism by P. bragai in A. ararauna, and emphasizes the need to use best practices in wildlife conservation parks.

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The aim of this study was to provide the first report on a new host for the digenean Paratanaisia bragai in the caninde macaw Ara ararauna along with the pathological aspects of the infection in the new host. The microscopic findings revealed the presence of granulomatous interstitial nephritis. This study contributes towards knowledge of parasitism by P. bragai in A. ararauna, and emphasizes the need to use best practices in wildlife conservation parks.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar, pela primeira vez, a arara canindéAra ararauna como um novo hospedeiro para o digenéticoParatanaisia bragai, bem como relatar aspectos patológicos relacionados à infecção no novo hospedeiro. Os achados microscópicos revelaram nefrite intersticial granulomatosa. Este estudo contribui para o conhecimento do parasitismo por P. bragai em A. ararauna e ainda faz um alerta para a adoção de boas práticas de criação em criatórios conservacionistas da fauna silvestre.(AU)

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Abstract The aim of this study was to provide the first report on a new host for the digenean Paratanaisia bragai in the caninde macaw Ara ararauna along with the pathological aspects of the infection in the new host. The microscopic findings revealed the presence of granulomatous interstitial nephritis. This study contributes towards knowledge of parasitism by P. bragai in A. ararauna, and emphasizes the need to use best practices in wildlife conservation parks.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar, pela primeira vez, a arara canindéAra ararauna como um novo hospedeiro para o digenéticoParatanaisia bragai, bem como relatar aspectos patológicos relacionados à infecção no novo hospedeiro. Os achados microscópicos revelaram nefrite intersticial granulomatosa. Este estudo contribui para o conhecimento do parasitismo por P. bragai em A. ararauna e ainda faz um alerta para a adoção de boas práticas de criação em criatórios conservacionistas da fauna silvestre.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to provide the first report on a new host for the digenean Paratanaisia bragai in the caninde macaw Ara ararauna along with the pathological aspects of the infection in the new host. The microscopic findings revealed the presence of granulomatous interstitial nephritis. This study contributes towards knowledge of parasitism by P. bragai in A. ararauna, and emphasizes the need to use best practices in wildlife conservation parks.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar, pela primeira vez, a arara canindéAra ararauna como um novo hospedeiro para o digenéticoParatanaisia bragai, bem como relatar aspectos patológicos relacionados à infecção no novo hospedeiro. Os achados microscópicos revelaram nefrite intersticial granulomatosa. Este estudo contribui para o conhecimento do parasitismo por P. bragai em A. ararauna e ainda faz um alerta para a adoção de boas práticas de criação em criatórios conservacionistas da fauna silvestre.

RESUMEN

In the aviculture industry, the use of Lactobacillus spp. as a probiotic has been shown to be frequent and satisfactory, both in improving bird production indexes and in protecting intestine against colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Adhesion is an important characteristic in selecting Lactobacillus probiotic strains since it impedes its immediate elimination to enable its beneficial action in the host. This study aimed to isolate, identify and characterize the in vitro and in vivo adhesion of Lactobacillus strains isolated from birds. The Lactobacillus spp. was identified by PCR and sequencing and the strains and its adhesion evaluated in vitro via BMM cell matrix and in vivo by inoculation in one-day-old birds. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were collected one, four, 12 and 24 h after inoculation. The findings demonstrate greater adhesion of strains in the cecum and an important correlation between in vitro and in vivo results. It was concluded that BMM utilization represents an important technique for triage of Lactobacillus for subsequent in vivo evaluation, which was shown to be efficient in identifying bacterial adhesion to the enteric tract.

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In the aviculture industry, the use of Lactobacillus spp. as a probiotic has been shown to be frequent and satisfactory, both in improving bird production indexes and in protecting intestine against colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Adhesion is an important characteristic in selecting Lactobacillus probiotic strains since it impedes its immediate elimination to enable its beneficial action in the host. This study aimed to isolate, identify and characterize the in vitro and in vivo adhesion of Lactobacillus strains isolated from birds. The Lactobacillus spp. was identified by PCR and sequencing and the strains and its adhesion evaluated in vitro via BMM cell matrix and in vivo by inoculation in one-day-old birds. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were collected one, four, 12 and 24 h after inoculation. The findings demonstrate greater adhesion of strains in the cecum and an important correlation between in vitro and in vivo results. It was concluded that BMM utilization represents an important technique for triage of Lactobacillus for subsequent in vivo evaluation, which was shown to be efficient in identifying bacterial adhesion to the enteric tract.

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In the aviculture industry, the use of Lactobacillus spp. as a probiotic has been shown to be frequent and satisfactory, both in improving bird production indexes and in protecting intestine against colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Adhesion is an important characteristic in selecting Lactobacillus probiotic strains since it impedes its immediate elimination to enable its beneficial action in the host. This study aimed to isolate, identify and characterize the in vitro and in vivo adhesion of Lactobacillus strains isolated from birds. The Lactobacillus spp. was identified by PCR and sequencing and the strains and its adhesion evaluated in vitro via BMM cell matrix and in vivo by inoculation in one-day-old birds. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were collected one, four, 12 and 24 h after inoculation. The findings demonstrate greater adhesion of strains in the cecum and an important correlation between in vitro and in vivo results. It was concluded that BMM utilization represents an important technique for triage of Lactobacillus for subsequent in vivo evaluation, which was shown to be efficient in identifying bacterial adhesion to the enteric tract.

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The aim of this study was to report the burrowing owl Athene cunicularia as a new host for the filarid nematode Pelecitus sp. in southeastern Brazil for the first time, as well as reporting the occurrence of this nematode species in the body cavity, near the cervical air sac and lung region. This study contributes towards knowledge of parasitism in Brazilian wild birds and an anatomical region of the host as an infection site for Pelecitus sp.

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The aim of this study was to report the burrowing owl Athene cunicularia as a new host for the filarid nematode Pelecitus sp. in southeastern Brazil for the first time, as well as reporting the occurrence of this nematode species in the body cavity, near the cervical air sac and lung region. This study contributes towards knowledge of parasitism in Brazilian wild birds and an anatomical region of the host as an infection site for Pelecitus sp.

O objetivo do estudo foi relatar, pela primeira vez, a coruja buraqueira Athene cunicularia como um novo hospedeiro para o nematóide filarídeo Pelecitus sp. do Sudeste do Brasil, bem como a ocorrência desta espécie de nematóides na cavidade corporal, próximos à região dos sacos aéreos cervicais e pulmões. Este estudo contribui para o conhecimento do parasitismo em aves silvestres brasileiras e uma região anatômica do hospedeiro como sítio de infecção para Pelecitus sp.

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Infecções fúngicas causadas por Macrorhabdus ornithogaster, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans tem sido descritas em várias espécies aviárias sendo responsáveis por promover alterações gastrointestinais, respiratórias, neurológicas e dermatológicas entre outras. O presente artigo descreve aspectos clínicos, anatomopatológicos, procedimentos diagnósticos, medidas preventivas e terapêuticas de um caso crônico de três infecções fúngicas concomitantes em periquitos australianos (Melopsittacus undulatus) provenientes de um criatório comercial encaminhado ao laboratório de Ornitopatologia do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMVZ UNESP), campus Botucatu São Paulo, Brasil.(AU)

Fungal infections caused by Macrorhabdus ornithogaster, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans has been described as responsiblefor promoting gastrointestinal, respiratory, neurological and dermatological disorders in several avian species. The present paperdescribes the clinical signs, histopathological exams, treatment and preventions and of a chronic case of three fungal infectionsconcomitant in australian parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus). The animals came from a commercial breeding facility and sent toOrnitopathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Faculty, Paulista State University(FMVZ - UNESP), Botucatu campus - São Paulo, Brazil.(AU)

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