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1.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 63(4): 465-72, 2009 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18212802

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between regional skeletal muscle mass (SM mass) and bone mineral indices and to examine whether bone mineral content (BMC) normalized to SM mass shows a similar decrease with age in young through old age. SUBJECTS/METHODS: One hundred and thirty-eight young and postmenopausal women aged 20-76 years participated in this study and were divided into three groups: 61 young women, 49 middle-aged postmenopausal women and 28 older postmenopausal women. Muscle thickness (MTH) was determined by ultrasound, and regional SM mass (arm, trunk and leg) was estimated based on nine sites of MTH. Whole-body and regional lean soft tissue mass (LSTM), bone mineral density (BMD) and BMC (whole body, arms, legs and lumbar spine) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Ultrasound spectroscopy indicated that SM mass is significantly correlated with site-matched regional bone mineral indices and these relationships correspond to LSTM. The BMC and BMD in older women were significantly lower than those in middle-aged women. When BMC was normalized to site-matched regional SM mass, BMC normalized to SM mass in arm and trunk region were significantly different with age; however, whole-body and leg BMC normalized to SM mass showed no significant difference between middle-aged and older postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: The age-related differences in BMC were found to be independent of the ageing of SM mass in the arm and trunk region. However, differences in BMC measures of the leg and whole body were found to correspond to age-related decline of SM mass in postmenopausal women.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/fisiología , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Posmenopausia/fisiología , Análisis Espectral , Ultrasonografía , Adulto Joven
2.
J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci ; 20(5): 285-91, 2001 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11759267

RESUMEN

This study was designed to determine whether combined treatments with genistein dosage and moderate resistance exercise would exhibit synergistically preventive effects on bone loss following the onset of menopause. Forty-one 12 wk-old female SD rats were assigned to five groups: 1) Sham operated (Sham); 2) ovariectomized (OVX-Cont); 3) OVX received genistein (OVX-GEN); 4) OVX exercised (OVX-EXE); and 5) OVX treated with both genistein and exercise (OVX-GEN-EXE). All rats were fed a low Ca (0.1%) diet ad libitum. Daily genistein dosage was 12 mg/kg body weight. Exercising rats took 40 sets of 1-min run interspersed with 1-min rest with a 100 g weight on the back on an uphill treadmill at 20 m/min. The experimental duration consisted of the adaptation and treatment periods of 4 weeks each. Uterine weight in OVX-Cont, OVX-GEN, OVX-EXE and OVX-GEN-EXE decreased to about 15% of that in Sham (p < 0.001). The femoral BMD (mg/cm2; mean +/- SE), assessed by DEXA (Lunar), of OVX-Cont was significantly lowered to 206 +/- 5 by -9%, as compared to 226 +/- 2 of Sham (p < 0.001). The BMD of OVX-GEN, OVX-EXE and OVX-GEN-EXE were 217 +/- 2, 217 +/- 2 and 222 +/- 2, respectively, and genistein dosage and resistance exercise equally increased the BMD of OVX rats by 5% (p < 0.01). Combined treatment of genistein and exercise more successfully recovered their decreased BMD by 8% (p < 0.001). BMD of the fourth lumbar vertebrae in OVX-Cont was declined to 191 +/- 7 by -15%, as compared to 225 +/- 4 in Sham (p < 0.001). OVX-EXE and OVX-GEN-EXE gained the BMD by 6% to 205 +/- 4 and 203 +/- 3, respectively, as compared to that of OVX-Cont (p < 0.01). These results suggest the possibility that the combined treatment of genistein dosage and resistance exercise have more beneficial effects by acting rather independently than their separate trials on the prevention of ovx-induced bone loss in femurs.


Asunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Genisteína/farmacología , Glycine max/química , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Osteoporosis/prevención & control , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Fitoterapia , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Fémur/efectos de los fármacos , Fémur/fisiología , Genisteína/administración & dosificación , Isoflavonas/administración & dosificación , Vértebras Lumbares/efectos de los fármacos , Vértebras Lumbares/fisiología , Osteoporosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteoporosis/patología , Ovariectomía , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Bazo/anatomía & histología , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Útero/anatomía & histología , Útero/efectos de los fármacos
3.
J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci ; 19(6): 271-7, 2000 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11204874

RESUMEN

Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) induce spontaneous osteoporosis. To elucidate the specific characteristics of bone metabolism, the SHRSP was compared with age matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. We investigated the effects of prolonged swimming exercise training on bone mineral density (BMD) and metabolism in the SHRSP. Seven-week-old male SHRSP and WKY were divided into three groups; the sedentary control WKY group (n = 6, WKY), the sedentary control SHRSP group (n = 6, SP) and the swimming exercise training SHRSP group (n = 6, SWIM) (in pool with 60 min./day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks). The femoral BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), strength, Ca and P contents (%) of SHRSP were approximately 17, 27, 25, 20 and 9%, respectively, lower than that of WKY (p < 0.001). Serum alkaline phosphatase (AlP) had not changed between both of SP and WKY, but tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TrAcP) of SP approximately 3-fold higher than that of WKY (p < 0.05). Both serum calcium (Ca) and intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) were similar between SP and WKY. However, serum phosphate (P) of SP was approximately 18% lower than that of WKY (N.S.). These results suggested that SHRSP induces osteopenia by the bone turnover of the promoted osteoclast activity with disturbed phosphate homeostasis. On the other hand, the femoral BMD and strength were approximately 7% and 20%, respectively, decreased in the SWIM (p < 0.001), and femoral bone Ca and P contents (%) were also approximately 11% and 14%, respectively, lower than that of SP (p < 0.001). There were no significant difference between SWIM and SP on serum Ca, but serum P of SWIM was significantly lower than that of SP (p < 0.05). These results suggested that the prolonged swimming exercise training in the SHRSP induces more cruelly hypophosphatemia, and leading to osteopenia eventually. We conclude that SHRSP induces osteopenia with disturbance of phosphate homeostasis, and the prolonged swimming exercise in the SHRSP might deteriorate hypophosphatemia and osteopenia.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/etiología , Hipofosfatemia/etiología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/efectos adversos , Natación/fisiología , Animales , Densidad Ósea , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Ratas Endogámicas WKY
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