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No strict relationship has been observed between seizure outcome after surgery and the psychosocial status of patients with refractory epilepsy. The main reason is that seizures are not the sole criteria in evaluating social outcome. The presurgical status in terms of education, the mainly neuropsychological associated handicap, socio-occupational life, and the expectations of the patient must be taken into account. Psychosocial adjustment after surgery needs to be prepared long before surgery, in full cooperation with the patient and his or her family. Standardized tools must be developed to allow for a multidisciplinary approach and an objective evaluation of the psychosocial status of epileptic patients after surgery.

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Sf21 and Sf9 cell lines established from the lepidoptera Spodoptera frugiperda do not display major induction of heat shock proteins when exposed to a temperature of 37 degrees C. After some months of adaptation at 37 degrees C we obtained two new cell lines, Sf21-HT and Sf9-HT, which have now been established for several years in our laboratory. The Sf9-HT line displays a slightly shorter doubling time at 37 degrees C than the wild type at 28 degrees C, but cell lethality gives rise to an earlier growth arrest. The composition of total lipid extract from heat-adapted cells reveals a higher sphingomyelin to phosphatidylcholine ratio and a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids, which are expected for the lower membrane fluidity, required for thermotolerance. The cell volume of Sf9-HT is doubled, and by flow cytometry we showed that the DNA content is twice that in the parental cell line. Karyotypic examination of metaphasic cells achieved under epifluorescence microscopy revealed a doubled chromosome number in Sf9-HT.

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Patients with visual defects often complain of disturbances of equilibrium. In order to measure the influence of visual stimulation on posture, a study was made comparing the posture of hemianopic patients with that of healthy volunteers before and after occlusion of half of the monocular visual field. Hemianopia increases lateral oscillations in patients in the standing position and the projection of the body's centre of gravity shifts towards the hemianopia: in the volunteers, the same shift is noted after masking half the visual field. A tonic effect of visual information is discussed.

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The activities of three mycotoxins isolated from the hyphomycete Metarhizium anisopliae: destruxin A, B, and E (DA, DB and DE) are described and compared in vitro on leukemic cells. Their antitumor effect was investigated by flow cytometry on growth, cell viability and cell cycle perturbation 48 h after destruxin exposure. Against P388 leukemic cells, DE displayed greater antiproliferative activity than DA and DB. The minimum concentration required to inhibit 50% of cell proliferation is 0.33 microgram/ml for DE, 11.7 micrograms/ml for DA and 9.4 micrograms/ml for DB. Cell cycle modifications were only observed with DE at 50 and 10 micrograms/ml and consisted in an accumulation of the cells in G0/1 phase. DA and DB did not modify the number of cells in G0/1 of the cell cycle. Nevertheless a decrease in the number of cells in G2+M phase was induced by the three destruxins.

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Flow cytometric analysis of cell DNA content in the mouse C 57 BL/6 shows better results with fine needle aspiration than with mechanical dissociation of the tissues. There is no difference fresh and deep frozen stored tissues. In the liver, it has been found two cell populations with different DNA content including diploid and tetraploid cell lines. In the spleen and the thymus, only diploid cells are encountered with different cell cycles belonging to the organ.

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The activity of destruxin E, a cryptogamic toxin isolated from the hyphomycete Metarhizium anisopliae, was studied on mouse leukemia cells (L 1210 and P 388) in culture. Besides a cytotoxic effect, a cytostatic effect (increase of diploïd cells proportion) was observed with all doses for P 388 (from 10 micrograms/ml to 0.001 microgram/ml) and to a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml for L 1210. At the lower doses, the effect on cellular DNA content appears distinctly.

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Virus disease complexes of Galleria mellonella L. due respectively to a Parvovirus with a Baculovirus and a Parovirus with an Iridovirus have been transmitted to healthy larvae by ingestion of corpses of larvae affected by these disease complexes. The histological and cytological injuries observed are identical to those noted during the study of the initial complexes.

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